M'kamwa mwa Lena Mtsinje ndi gwero

M'kamwa mwa mtsinje Lena akuyamba 150 kupita ku gombe la nyanja Laptev, pambuyo, anyalanyaza chilumba chipilala lagawidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa otaya (zoposa 150). Iwo anathamanga zimakupiza yaikulu m'dera la 45 500 Km ^2, n'kupanga chakale mtsinje ankadziwana.

Tiyeni tiyambe malongosoledwe a mtsinje kuyambira pachiyambi - ndi gwero lake. Pankhaniyi, magawo khalidwe udzachotsedwa kwa mfundo mwalamulo zalembedwa Water Russian kaundula.

springhead

Small nyanja Negedeen, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa State m'kaundula wa madzi, ndiye gwero la Lena Mtsinje. Ndi 7 km ku Baikal, kumadzulo kwa phazi la phiri unmarked Baikalsky lokwera ndi chizindikiro 2023 mamita gwero Malo kumatanthauza mfundo :. North kumpoto madigiri 53 Mphindi 56 kum'mawa longitude madigiri 108 kwa mphindi 5. Administratively dera limeneli Kachug chigawo cha dera Irkutsk. Umayamba lalikulu Siberia mtsinje ndi mtsinje wina waung'ono kuti mukhoza kupita zaka zisanu mwana. Apa Lena zikuluzikulu nkhani peremerzaniyu ndi kuumitsa kunja. Koma pambuyo kuthira mu izo makhwawa woyamba, iye amakhala otaya zonse.

Gwero ndi m'kamwa mwa mtsinje

Lena lili kum'mawa Siberia. Mtsinje umayenda mwa Region Irkutsk ndi Yakutia, kutenga inflows ku Trans-Baikal, Buryatia, Krasnoyarsk ndi Khabarovsk.

Zero mtengo amalembedwa kutalika mkamwa mwa mtsinje. Lena ali kutalika mu 4294 Km - mtunda izi m'kaundula mu kaundula pagulu la zinthu padziko madzi a Russia. Full dontho la 1650 mamita - watermarks kusiyana pakati gwero (1650 m) ndi pakamwa (0 m). Pakuchitika kukondera ndi 0,38 m / Km. Theoretically, izi zikutanthauza kuti aliyense kilometre mu akulowera mtsinje wa padziko lapansi yafupika ndi avareji ya masentimita 38. Ndipotu njira otsetsereka ndi nthenda yotaya mathamangidwe ku malire chapamwamba cha mtsinje ndi ochuluka kwambiri kuposa mtengo wa makhalidwe hydrological wa m'kamwa mwa Lena Mtsinje. makhalidwe amenewa zimadalira alili.

malire Upper

Mu zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana malo amene gwero ndi m'kamwa mwa mtsinje. Lena kumayambira phiri Predbajkalja dongosolo, ndiye mitanda Patom okwera, akulowa Prilenskoye yachonde ndipo amatsika mu chapakati Yakut Plain. Choncho watercourse salembedwa ogaŵikana 3 mbali pafupifupi wofanana. The woyamba - malire kumtunda kwa Lena, kuyambira kuchiyambi kwa confluence a pa Vitim Mtsinje. Utali ndi 1580 Km. Pakamwa okwera Vitim - 176 m, Choncho, ambiri otsetsereka pamwamba Lena 0,93 m / Km. Mtsinje bedi chapamwamba kumulowetsa mathithi ndi utuluke mu ikuluikulu mapiri chigwa. Pamene akuyandikira Vitim amakhala lonse (mpaka 2 km) ndiponso (12 m), nthawi zina unagawika zilumba wamanja. The mtsinje chigwa ndi asymmetrical ndi chigumula amphamvu kumveka masitepe chimafikira outwards mu malo mpaka 30 Km. Lamanzere gombe la osaya ndi - ndi chapakati Siberia Plateau. Banki lamanja phompho ndi mkulu - malire Patom okwera. Otsetsereka mbali okutidwa ndi nayonso, nthawi zina m'malo mwa meadows.

pafupifupi kwa

Mbali imeneyi ya kutalika kwa 1415 Km Lena womangika pakamwa makhwawa waukulu, kuyambira pa confluence Vitim (okwera 176 m) ndi kutha Aldan (chizindikiro cha 72 m). Otsetsereka pafupifupi 0.074 m / Km. Vitim Lena Atakhala zonse loyenda mtsinje. Pambuyo confluence pa 2089 Km from m'kamwa mwa Mtsinje Lena Olyokma Mtsinje chigwa ukuning'a. kugombe miyala, iwo wapangidwa ndi laimu. Iwo Lena Nsanamira - otvesny ali akalumikidzidwa chodabwitsa. Mu Pokrovsk Lena anatulutsa mu chigwa, chigwa imafika 20 Km kapena zambiri, floodplain chimakwirira Mzere widths wa 15 Km. Ndi kubweza mlingo otaya - 1.5 m / s kwa 0.5 m / s.

pambuyo pake

Kuchokera m'kamwa mwa Aldan ndi Nyanja Laptev zokulitsa m'munsi Lena. M'litali ili mbali ya mtsinje - makilomita 1,300. Ndi makhwawa confluence mphamvu (Aldana ndi Vilyuya) Lena mtsinje amakhala chimphona. Kachigawo umodzi-nkono bedi lake akuya 20 mamita ukufika 10 Km, ndipo pamene pali chilumba mapangidwe ukufika 25 Km. mtsinje chifukwa chachikulu ndi - izo kubweza chifukwa otsetsereka pang'ono, kupanga pansi pa mtsinje 0,05 m / Km kapena zochepa.

M'kamwa mwa Lena Mtsinje

Photos ku malo kusonyeza kukongola ndi kufunika kwa waukulu mtsinje ankadziwana cha kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Malo amkulira m'kamwa mwa odziwika Nile 20 chikwi. ^Km2. The pamwamba pa ankadziwana ndi chipilala wa chisumbucho, 150 kupita ku nyanja. Lena mtsinje lagawidwa njira zana ndi makumi asanu. Yaikulu awa atatu: Oleneksky (kukuchepetsa ankadziwana kumadzulo) Bykovskaya (East) ndi Trofimovskaya (sing'anga), limene kumaliseche m'nyanja 70% ya runoff pachaka. Kutumiza ikuchitika ndi Bykovskaya ritsa limene doko la Tiksi.

Kuyambira mu 1986, m'kamwa mwa Lena anapeza udindo wa biosphere malo Russia - Ayenela-Lensky. Wapadera malo Titafika pamalo, naperekanso ambiri mitundu ya Red Book zomera, nyama, 32 mitundu. Kodi misa kukaikira mazira waterfowl kubwerera Chaka chilichonse kwa kubalana ndi molting. Ichthyofauna osiyanasiyana ndi olemera.

hydrology

The catchment Malo Lena - miliyoni 2,49 Km ^2. Voliyumu ya pachaka wa runoff mu zaka osiyana kuyambira 490 mpaka 540 Km ^3. Pachaka avareji ndalama kwa gauging m'kamwa mwa mtsinje Lena osiyanasiyana kuchokera 15,5 kuti 17,8 zikwi. ³ m / s.

Antchito Mtsinje kupereka mpweya, anagawira mu mabuku pafupifupi mofanana pakati chisanu Sungunulani ndi mvula. The gawo la pansi recharge chimachititsa zosakwana 2%, amene anafotokoza ndi zikhalidwe za Madzi oundana.

Kwa mtsinje amakhala ndi mkulu masika mafunde kudutsa madzi osefukira ikuluikulu m'chilimwe ndi yophukira-yozizira otsika madzi ndi kuchepetsa madzi mu malire m'munsi mpaka 370 mamita ³ / s.

Ice Lena mode wosiyana mitsinje ena amphamvu wandiweyani wosanjikiza ayezi likakhazikitsidwa yaitali ndi yozizira chisanu pang'ono. Mu malire chapamwamba nyengo osazizira kuphimba mtsinje amatenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi m'zidikha - mwezi kapena iwiri zochepa. Amaundana-mmwamba akupezeka mapeto chapamwamba October, ndi malire m'munsi - kumapeto September. Anatsegula ayezi kuyamba ku chapamwamba pakati pa May, ndipo mu June - pa m'kamwa mwa Lena Mtsinje. Owonjezera mamita mlingo pamwamba mafunde otsika ukufika mfundo za pakati pa 8 ndi 18, kuchititsa osefukira m'madera otsika ndi zinthu pangozi midzi m'mphepete mwa mtsinjewo.

mitunda wapadera

Pristine kukongola ndi kuchuluka kwa zachilengedwe pa gwero ndi pakamwa wa Lena Mtsinje, chidwi. Koma kwambiri lowoneka tione gombe ku National Park Natural "Lena Nsanamira" ndi UNESCO World Heritage Site. Lena Nsanamira kuyamba pa 180 Km from Yakutsk kumtunda ndi kuwonjezera makilomita ambiri pamodzi banki lamanja, ndi m'madera ena pa gombe kumanzere.

Geological malo chodabwitsa ndi slantwise Mbali yokhala ngati miyala mpaka 200 m. Wosangalatsa akulongosola zipilala analowezedwa kulemekeza mwamuna wakale, ndipo anamusilira alendo masiku ano. chozizwitsa china ndi chamgwiro ndi lightest phiri loyenda mchenga tukulans. Pakamwa pa Deering Yuryakh kuchuluka nampeza munthuyo mbiri isanayambe. Pabwalopo anapeza mafupa a moyo wakale: zotsalira za yaikuluyi, njati ndi rhinos.

Chidwi nthano angamvele ku am'deralo ndi m'kamwa mwa Lena Mtsinje. Mobisa mzinda ndi misewu ndi nyali wosatha, malinga ndi anthu am'deralo, ili pafupi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Basi ayenera kufufuza khomo chinsinsi. Anawauzanso kuti chilumba mu ankadziwana pamwamba positi pa World nkhondo II German sitima zapamadzi pestered.