Ofufuza - ndi ... Russian ofufuza za m'ma 17

Ofufuza - ndi ofufuza a Siberia ndi Far East za m'ma XVII. Mu zinthu zawo zasinthidwa maulendo zikuluzikulu wotulukira. Iwo anali a magulu osiyanasiyana. Mwa iwo anali Cossacks, amalonda, alenje, chinkhoswe mu malonda ubweya, ndi amalinyero.

kutanthauza

Malinga ndi otanthauzira Buku, ofufuza - gulu la maulendo kwa East ndiponso ku Siberia mu zaka XVI-XVII. Komanso, iwo amachitcha iwo amene ali ambuye wamng'ono m'madera a zigawo izi kudziwika.

Chiyambi cha chitukuko cha Siberia ndi Far East

Pomorie, amene anakhala pa gombe la White Nyanja, akhala anayenda m'mabwato ang'onoang'ono zilumba za Ocean Arctic. Kwa nthawi yaitali iwo anali apaulendo okha kumpoto kwa Russia. M'zaka za m'ma XVI, chitukuko mwadongosolo m'mayiko ambirimbiri a Siberia anayamba ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa Tartar asilikali Khan Kuchum Ermak Timofeevich.

Itatha yoyamba mizinda Siberia anaikidwa - Tobolsk ndi Tyumen, njira ya chitukuko cha malo atsopano kupita ndi mphamvu mofulumira. Olemera Siberia expanses wa dziko ndi Far East anakopeka osati kutumikira anthu, komanso amalonda. ofufuza Russian mwachangu kugwiritsa gawo latsopano ndi patsogolo m'mayiko unexplored.

Poyamba, chitukuko cha Siberia ndi Far East zochepa yomanga forts, ndi kokha pa chiyambi cha m'ma XVII boma la Russia anayamba asamukire alimi m'madera izi monga midzi ya asilikali, ataima pa mitsinje lalikulu la Siberia ndi Far East, mu zitakuvutani chakudya.

Kutsegula wotchuka

ofufuza Russian anapeza mabeseni mtsinje monga Lena, ndi Amur ndi Yenisei, anabwera ku gombe la nyanja ya Okhotsk. Anayendayenda lonse la Siberia ndi Far East, ndipo anatsegula pa Taimyr Peninsula, Yamal, Chukotka ndi Kamchatka. ofufuza Russian za m'ma 17 Dezhnev ndi Popov woyamba anadutsa Bering Strait, Moskvitin anatsegula Nyanja ya Okhotsk ndi Poyarkov Khabarov kufufuza m'dera Amur.

kuyenda njira

Ofufuza - si basi ofufuza amene anayenda ndi dziko. Ena mwa iwo anali amalinyero amene ankaphunzira mabeseni mtsinje ndi nyanja. Kuyenda pa mitsinje ndi nyanja ntchito chotengera yaing'ono. Iwo anali Kochi, bwato raft ndi Struga. The yachiwiriyi ntchito rafting. Mikuntho kaŵirikaŵiri kwachititsa kuwonongedwa kwa chombo, monga izo zinachitika ndi ulendo Dezhnev pa Ocean Arctic.

SI Dezhnev

Wotchuka Russian wofufuza, zaka 80 pamaso Bering zapita kwathunthu mwa chipata umene umawalekanitsa North America ndi Asia.

Zinali choyamba kutumikira Cossack mu Tobolsk ndi Yeniseisk. Iye anali kusonkhanitsa msonkho (msonkho) mafuko m'derali ndipo nthawi yomweyo anafunafuna kufufuza ndi kufufuza gawo latsopano. Chifukwa chaichi, gulu lalikulu pa Cossack kochah (zombo zazing'ono) zingapo kuchokera mkamwa Kolyma kum'mawa Ocean Arctic. Ulendo anadikira kuti tipirire. Sitima wagwidwa mkuntho ndi zombo kumira. Dezhnev anapitiriza ulendo wake ndipo tidapita ku Asia ziyerekezo, Cape, analandiranso dzina lake. Ndiye njira ya ulendo wa anadutsa Bering Strait. Zombo Dezhneva sanathe anagunda gombe chifukwa cha kuukira am'deralo. Iwo anali kusambitsa pa chilumba m'chipululu, pamene ofufuza Russian la Siberia anakakamizika ogona mu maenje anakumba chisanu. Akufika zovuta Anadyr Mtsinje, ankaganiza kutuluka kwa anthu. Pa mapeto a ulendo a anthu 12 chinatsalira kwa kumuwombera ikuluikulu. Anayendayenda lonse la Siberia ku Pacific gombe, ndi mlingo umenewu Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev ndi comrades ake ankayamikira kwambiri mu dziko.

I. Yu. Moskvitin

Iye anatsegula Nyanja ya Okhotsk ndi Sakhalin Bay. Kumayambiriro kwa utumiki anatchulidwa wamba phazi Cossack. Pambuyo ulendo bwino pa Nyanja ya Okhotsk analandira udindo wa mtsogoleri. Pa zaka zomalizira za moyo wa anthu otchuka Russian wofufuza silidziŵika.

E. P. Habarov

Anapitiriza ntchito Poyarkova Phunziro la a m'dera Amur. Khabarov anali wazamalonda chinkhoswe kugula tsitsi, ntchito anamanga mchere ndi mphero. Pa detachment ndi Cossack anadutsa pa zotengera ndipo anapanga lonse Amur Priamurskii khadi woyamba m'mphepete. M'njiramo iye anapambana mafuko ambiri m'deralo. Anakakamizika kubwerera Khabarova anasonkhana ndi apaulendo Russian Manchu asilikali.

I. I. Kamchaty

Iye akutchedwa atulukira Kamchatka. Chilumba tsopano ndi dzina la anatulukira lapansi. Kamchatka wakhala m'gulu la Cossacks ndipo anatumizidwa kukatumikira pa Mtsinje Kolyma. Wachita malonda ubweya ndi kufunafuna njovu. Choyamba anatsegula Kamchatka mtsinje, kuphunzira zimenezi kuchokera am'deralo lapansi. Kenako, monga mbali ya detachment ochepera lamulo la Chukicheva, Kamchatka anapita kukafuna mtsinje. Patapita zaka ziwiri anabwera uthenga wa imfa ya mtsinje Kamchatka ulendo.

Pomaliza

Ofufuza - waukulu Russian ofufuza a Siberia ndi dziko Far East, amafuna kupita maulendo yaitali ndi cholinga kugonjetsa madera atsopano. maina awo mpaka kalekale akuwakumbukira anthu mayina ndi headlands ndi peninsulas zitsekozo.