Opium Nkhondo mu China

M'zaka za m'ma XIX, China atsata mfundo za kudzipatula ku West. Chifukwa, malonda anakana zikuchepa pakati East ndi West. China chimatsogoleredwa ndi cholinga kuti tichotse kum'sokoneza maganizo Western pa anthu a East. Mpaka 1830 chokha doko Guangzhou limakhalabe lotsegula sitima yachilendo ndi Chinese ankagulitsa kokha siliva. Imeneyi, amalonda British kufunafuna kukonza malonda vutoli, anatengera zochita pa tanthauzo la Opium - mankhwala kuti sanali Chinese, koma iwo ankafunitsitsa nazo. Mpaka 1828, China linatukuka siliva chifukwa katundu wawo zosowa, amene anagulidwa ndi amalonda a ku Europe.

Chilamulo cha Chinese Ufumu analetsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kupatula mankhwala. Koma ngakhale izi, British Hong Kong anagula bongo, amene anapanga m'chigawo cha Bengal ndi Malwa pansi pa mothandizidwa ndi British East India Company. Chifukwa cha ichi, madyedwe a Opium kuti China zinthu zambiri kuposa kanayi. Mu 1833, boma la Britain anachotsa okhawo wa East India Company, ndipo Opium anasefukira msika Chinese, pamene siliva anathamangira ku West. Ichi chinali chiyembekezo zikuluzikulu zimene Opium Nkhondo itayamba.

Posakhalitsa, 90% ya anthu Chinese 40 zaka anali opiate kusiya. Ndi 1837, China analipira Opium miliyoni 4.5 ndalama za siliva mlandu 57% ya okwana imports la dzikolo. Konfiskator Mfumu Lao Lin Jie-Malaki anapeza kuti 1839 ndi Opium Chinese anakhala 100 miliyoni taels. Iwo anali, iye anati ngati Opium kudalira adzapitiriza anafalikira m'dziko lonselo, posakhalitsa China osati alibe kudziteteza, koma osati kwambiri. Apa ochokera Opium Nkhondo. Kuzembetsa Opium kuti China chilango chake chinali imfa, koma kuchokera 1821 mpaka 1837 izo chawonjezeka ndi kasanu. Port wa Guangzhou, kumene asangalala ziphuphu, wachiwiri ndi kusalemekeza akuluakulu, wakhala mfundo za nkhondo zinthu pakati pa maiko awiri.

Choyamba Opium Nkhondo

Mu 1839, ndi nthumwi ya Mfumu Tao Lin Tszesyuy anatengera mu ulemu wa amalonda ena ndi anzawo Chinese miyeso ntchito. Anamangidwa ndipo 1,600 anali anagwira mapaundi 11,000 bongo. Icho chinali choyamba cha chomwe chinali kukhala Opium Nkhondo.

Mu June chaka chomwecho izo anagwidwa mabokosi 2000 la osokoneza bongo Kutsekeledwa amalonda yachilendo nawo mmenemo. amalondawa Kutsekeledwa mpaka nthawi monga iwo sanathe kupeleka Opium miliyoni 9. Ndalama awotchedwe poyera. Opium nkhondo moŵa bwino.

Ndi kuti doko Lin Tszesyuya chinatsekedwa sitima za mayiko. Poyankha, Charles Elliott oletsedwa ndi Pearl Mtsinje. Pambuyo nkhondo panyanja. okopa Chinese anamutcha wachigonjetso, koma ntchito ya Royal Navy adamtsata, amene anawononga ambiri ziwiya Chinese.

Mu January 1841, linga anatengedwa Bogvi. Chifukwa, Britain inakhala ndi mphamvu ya kukwezedwa kwa doko. Patapita kanthawi, boma la Britain linalanda ulamuliro ndipo pa dziko. asilikali Imperial anali bwino akaphunzire nkhondo, ndi British anagonjetsa mu Ningbo ndi Qinghai. Posachedwapa, mu ulamuliro wa England anali South la China ndi chigawo Chzhentszyan.

Mtendere pa mtengo uliwonse

Mu 1841, doko anagulitsidwa kwa England. Ndi m'ma 1840, boma Chinese anakakamizika lowani angapo mapangano umene British inakhala ndi mphamvu ya kumadzulo kwa China. Mu mgwirizano wa 1842, China kuzilandira UK Hong Kong, anatsegula madoko asanu ndi amalonda British amene anatenga mawu English a malonda ndi amalonda kulipira malipiro a kumawononga. amalonda English tipitirizebe kumvera lamulo Chinese ndi akanatha kuchita momasuka China.

Sale wa Opium pa mitengo m'thumba anayamba ngakhale pang'ono kutha nkhani mtendere. zoletsa onse pa mankhwala osokoneza bongo akhala achotsa mu 1858. Chifukwa, China wayamba kudziletsa kulima poppy, ndipo chaka cha 1900 kuti apeze zosowa zawo chaka 22,000 matani bongo.

Chachiwiri Opium Nkhondo

Komabe, kusiyana latsopano anali mosalephera mavuto oterewa. Opium Nkhondo mu China sinathe chikhazikitso cha pangano mtendere. Mu 1854, Great Britain akufuna kutsegula kwa madoko onse China kwa malonda, ndi legalization wa Opium kwambiri, amasulidwe katundu British ku ntchito miyambo komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa akazembe ku Beijing kusamvana.

Mu 1856, sitima Mivi Yanu m'ndende ndi akuluakulu Chinese. Iye amaganiziridwa kuzembetsa ndi kuberana kwazaluso. Akuluakulu UK analimbikira kuti chotengeracho si pansi pa ulamuliro wa malamulo Chinese acimuuza kutulutsidwa wa a panyanjawa.

Mu 1857, asilikali British anatumizidwa ku Canton. Against China panthawi imeneyo atatembenukira America, Russia, France. Koma Britain ndi France popanda chidziwitso cha mayiko ena analanda doko la Canton. Mu 1858 izo anatengedwa Taku doko. Patatha izi, ntchito ya usilikali asiya. Zimenezi zinachititsa anapeza madoko 11 malonda ndi West. amishonale Western ufulu kulipira anthu Chinese chikhulupiriro cha Akhristu. China unkayenera kupereka malipiro kwa France ndi Great Britain kuchuluka kwa taels 10 miliyoni, ndi kupereka doko Kowloon lolamulidwa British. Komanso, China anakakamizika Tumizani ntchito wotchipa ku North America, moti anatenga chotero mofulumira ndi otsika mtengo yomanga ya njanji United States. Opium Nkhondo mu China zinachititsa kuti gulu la dziko ndi mayiko a azungu, kupeputsa mfundo achipembedzo ndi kugwa kwa ufumu wa kulamulira.