Paramecium caudatum: kapangidwe ndi njira kuswana

Paramecium caudatum - mitundu zofala za gulu la zamoyo yosavuta. Iwo ukhala mu matupi atsopano madzi ataima ndi okwanira kuchuluka kwa zipangizo organic, amene amadyetsa. Mwa njira, dongosolo la ciliate-nsapato imatengedwa zovuta kwambiri gulu la zamoyo.

makhalidwe General

Paramecium caudatum - unicellular chamoyo amene mawonekedwe kwenikweni akufanana zidendene za nsapato ndipo anapitiriza chifukwa wosanjikiza wandiweyani kunja kwa cytoplasm lapansi. matupi onse nyama yokutidwa ndi nambala yaikulu cilia, amene anakonza m'mizere kotenga. Ntchito yawo yaikulu - kusuntha.

Lisamukira Paramecium caudatum yosamveka mapeto choyamba. Cilia kusuntha ndi pang'ono kuchedwa wachibale wina ndi mzake. Pamene kusuntha thupi komanso imazungulira padziko olamulira a.

Inali pakati otchedwa cilia trichocysts - organelles yaing'ono spindle woboola pakati, lomwe kuchita ntchito ya chitetezo. Aliyense trichocysts imakhala ndi thupi ndi nsonga yomwe pamaso pa nzothandiza (kugunda, Kutentha, kuzirala) zikuchepa ntchito.

Paramecium caudatum: kapangidwe

Zambiri za thupi - izo endoplasma, kapena gawo madzi a cytoplasm lapansi. Ectoplasm uli chifupi ndi Kakhungu cytoplasmic ali ndi kapangidwe wandiweyani ndi ndipamene pellicle.

Chimbudzi. Paramecium caudatum adya tizilombo ali m'malo achilendo ma m'mimba dongosolo. Atatsala pang'ono kutsogolo kwa thupi perioral nyuzi, amene mkati pamwamba ali ndi cilia dongosolo zovuta. Movement wa cilia kulenga otaya, ndi amene mawere ake ndi tizilombo. Komanso particles michere kugwera pakhosi, amenenso Zipolopolo cilia, ndi pamenepo pokha - pakamwa. Ndi endocytosis zakudya kulowa vacuole m'mimba. Mabwinja a linanena bungwe kupyolera organelle yeniyeni - poroshitsu.

Nkhani chibadwa. Paramecium caudatum ali mitima iwiri - chachikulu (macronucleus) ndi yaing'ono (micronucleus). Micronucleus lili lonse la mudziwe majini ndi kutenga nawo mbali pa kubereka wa chamoyo. Macronucleus udindo kaphatikizidwe wa mankhwala mapuloteni.

Paokha ndi kupuma. Paramecium caudatum pakhale ngakhale pa woipa otsika kwambiri mpweya mu madzi. Odzipereka mpweya padziko lonse.

Monga tanenera kale, losavuta chamoyo amakhala ku madzi abwino ndi chifukwa cha kusiyana ndende ayenera osmoregulation dongosolo. Ciliate contractile vacuole ali awiri - kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, iliyonse ili nthambi tubules dongosolo. madzimadzi mwauchidakwa ndi mankhwala kagayidwe kachakudya sekondale ali amatengedwa ndi chaonetsedwera mu tubules wa vacuoles chilengedwe. Onse organelles ndi kuchepetsedwa alternately, kamodzi pa masekondi 15-20.

Kubalana ciliate-nsapato

Tikutero chifukwa ichi amakhala ngati kubereka ndi asexual.

Asexual kubalana ikuchitika magawano mtanda selo m'magulu awiri ofanana. Pankhaniyi, thupi amakhala ndi boma yogwira. Pamakhala m'malo ovuta kusinthika ndondomeko, lomwe aliyense mbali ya thupi yomalizira organelles kutero.

kugonana pakati pa anthu awiri kunatheka chifukwa conjugation. Ciliates mongoyembekezera kukakamirana pamodzi ndi mlatho choyambirira cha cytoplasm ndi aumbike pakati pamalo awo. zamoyo zonse ziwiri Macronuclear adzaonongedwa, ndi mitima yaing'ono zidzasankhidwa ndi meiosis.

Field ya pakati aumbike ndi anayi haploid ya DNA. Komanso, atatu a iwo anaphedwa, ndipo gawo otsala mwa mitosis, kupanga awiri protonukleusa - chachimuna ndi chachikazi. Zamoyo kusinthanitsa "chachimuna" protonukleusami. Ndiye maphatikizidwe kumachitika mwa aliyense wa mtima awiri, ndi mapangidwe sinkariaona. Ndiye akudutsa mitosis, pambuyo Mwa mtima anapanga amakhala macronucleus, ndipo chachiwiri - micronucleus.