Russia limodzi ndi WTO: ubwino ndi kuipa. Pamene Russia limodzi ndi WTO (tsiku, chaka)?

WTO - Ndi bungwe loziyimila mayiko amene amachita monga wolowa mmalo mwa mgwirizano General pa tariffs ndi Trade (GATT). inawo yosainidwa mu 1947. Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti kanthawi lichoka posachedwapa ndi bungwe zonse kunachitika. Komabe, GATT anali pangano waukulu malamulo malonda lina kwa zaka pafupifupi 50. Soviet Union ankafuna kuti agwirizane naye, koma musataye, kotero mbiri zoweta mogwirizana ndi dongosolo izi zikuyamba okha kuchokera nthawi imene Russia limodzi ndi WTO. nkhani imeneyi zoyenera Nkhani lero. Komanso, adzakhululukidwa kusanthula zotsatira za zimene Russia anachimanga ndi WTO, ubwino ndi kuipa kwa chisankho. Ife tikuyang'ana pa ndondomeko zinthu cheni cha inalowa kwa Organization Trade World potsutsana mafunso la Russia.

Kodi Russia kujowina WTO?

Ku Russia ndi m'malo mlandu wa USSR. Ngati ife kulankhula za pamene Russia limodzi ndi WTO, ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti bungwe adakhala ntchito kokha mu 1995. Bungwe watsopano kuwunika ndi zambiri onse za nkhani zosiyanasiyana. The USSR anagonjera pempho ofunda kuti anapatsidwa amatsata mu Uruguay Round mu 1986 ndi cholinga inalowa china sikapangano General pa tariffs ndi Trade. Koma United States anaukana. chifukwa panali makonzedwe chuma cha USSR, amene anali sikugwirizana ndi chiphunzitso cha malonda kwaulere. Soviet Union anapatsidwa udindo wina ku 1990. Pambuyo ufulu Russia yomweyo kugwiritsa ntchito kwa inalowa kwa GATT. Posachedwapa General mgwirizano anali lidzasinthidwa gulu zonse kunachitika. Komabe, kulowa mwachindunji mu Russian Federation mu GATT / WTO watenga zaka pafupifupi 20. mafunso ambiri zofuna mgwirizano.

The ndondomeko ya inalowa kwa WTO

Russia ngati boma palokha chiyambi cha inalowa kwa Organization Trade World mu 1993. Kuyambira nthawi ndinayamba kuyerekezera malonda ndale ulamuliro wa dziko ndi mfundo WTO. Kenaka tinayamba zokambirana amgwirizano pamene Russia anapanga maganizo koyamba pa mlingo thandizo kwa ulimi ndi mwayi msika. mafunso awa awiri kupanga maziko a zokambirana mpaka ratification pangano mu 2012. Mu 2006, mu chimango cha Asia-Pacific Forum, Russia ndi US anasaina Russia a inalowa protocol kwa WTO. Komabe, padziko lonse ndalama mavuto ndi zokambirana pa kukhazikitsa magawo zina kudzalandira umembala m'gulu akhala kulephereka. Iye anachita mbali ndi zosemphana ndi Georgia pa South Ossetia ndi Abkhazia. The pangano ndi dziko ili linali chinthu chotsiriza pa njira Russia a WTO inalowa. Yosainidwa mu 2011 ku Switzerland.

miyambo wogwirizana

Poona funso, pamene Russia limodzi ndi WTO, ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti kuyambira January 2010, ku Russia angakonde nawo ndondomeko za inalowa kuti Soviet Customs. Izi Vladimir Putin neno pa msonkhano EurAsEC bungwe mu June 2009. The Union Customs zikuphatikizapo, kuwonjezera Russia, Belarus ndi Kazakhstan. Idamangidwa mu October 2007. mamembala WTO kungakhale osati dziko komanso mayanjano kusakanikirana. Komabe, utsogoleri wa Trade Organization World rhinestones anachenjeza boma la Russia kuti lamulo kangachedwetse kwambiri njira yodalirika umembala. Mu October 2009, Russia anasonyeza kulengeza ake anaiyamba wa kuyambiranso zokambirana amgwirizano. Kazakhstan limodzi ndi Organization Trade World mu 2015, ndipo Belarus akadali si membala wa bungwe lino padziko lonse.

Pamene Russia limodzi ndi WTO: Date, Chaka

The resumption nkhani amgwirizano ali wosalira kwambiri ndondomeko ya inalowa kwa Organization Trade World chifukwa la Russia. Ndi December 2010, magazini onse mwake. Pa udachitikira ku Brussels, anasaina memorandum kake. August 22, 2012 - tsiku pamene Russia anachimanga ndi WTO. Tsiku chinali ratification wa Protocol wa inalowa la Chitaganya cha Russia, atalembedwa December 16 chaka cha 2011, ndi kulowa mu mphamvu ya zogwirizana kuchita zolimbana.

zinthu kulowa

Ndondomeko inalowa kwa WTO m'malo zovuta. Amakhala ndi magawo angapo ndipo akutenga osachepera zaka 5-7. dziko loyamba kufunsira umembala. Pambuyo kuti pali zochita za malonda ndale ulamuliro wa dziko pa mlingo wa chisawawa magulu ntchito. Mu gawo lachiwiri, zokambirana ndi zokambiranazo pa mfundo za umembala wodandaulayu mu WTO. Iwo akhoza kujowina dziko lililonse nkhawa. Choyamba zokambirana zonse zokhudza kupeza misika ndi nthawi oyamba a kusintha. zinthu inalowa wasenza zikalata izi:

• lipoti ntchito Group. Iwo kamasonyeza mndandanda wa ufulu onse ndi maudindo amene anthu akuganiza ndi dziko.
• List of zokambirana tariff m'munda chofunika n'kulola kuthekera subsidizing nchito agrarian.
• Mndandanda wa kuzikwanitsa pa misonkhano.
• Mndandanda wa kuchotserapo kwa MFN.
• dongosolo malamulo pa mlingo amgwirizano ndi Multilaterial.
• Protocol wa inalowa.

Pa gawo lomaliza, ratification za phukusi la zolembedwa, amene anali atagwirizana mu chimango cha chisawawa magulu ntchito. Pambuyo kuti amakhala mbali ya malamulo a wodandaulayu State ndi phungu dziko kwasanduka membala Trade Organization World.

Zolinga

Pamene Russia limodzi ndi WTO mu 2012, izo anatero mbali ya njira zake vuto la zachuma. Pakali pano, boma sangamange munthu wodziŵa dziko chuma, popanda kukhala membala wa bungwe ili. Russia anathamangitsa mu inalowa ake kwa WTO zolinga izi:

• Kupeza mwayi waukulu misika ya kunja kwa mankhwala zoweta pogwiritsa ntchito MFN, amene ananena ndi gulu.
• Kujambula yabwino ndalama nyengo ndi kubweretsa malamulo ndi mfundo za mayiko.
• Patsogolo mpikisano wa katundu zoweta.
• Kuchuluka mwayi amalonda Russian ndi ndalama kunja.
• mwayi zimakhudza mapangidwe malamulo adziko lonse lapansi m'munda wa malonda, kutenga nkhani zawo zofuna mwini dziko.
• Kuwonjezera fano dziko pamaso pa maganizo dziko pagulu.

Chotero inalowa yaitali nkhani - umboni mtima wofuna kukwaniritsa zinthu zabwino kwambiri umembala Russian.

kusintha tariff

Chimodzi mwa mavuto yaikulu umembala Russian wa WTO wakhala harmonization ndondomeko kulumikiza ku msika ndi katundu yachilendo. The zolemeletsedwa pafupifupi inatha tariff anachepetsedwa. M'malo mwake, ndi kuumba mbali zakunja gawo inshuwalansi ndi achuluka. Pambuyo zazoipa nyengo ya kusintha kwa, inatha ntchito pa zipangizo banja, mankhwala ndi zipangizo zachipatala adzakhala yafupika. pa ntchito - mu chimango cha inalowa 57 mapangano amgwirizano pa kupeza msika zoweta katundu ndi 30 anakonza WTO.

nkhani ulimi

Kuwonjezera kukambirana zokambirana tariff mu zokambirana za zatenga malo ofunika chitetezo cha gawo la ulimi mu Russia. Russian Federation anafuna kuchepetsa ang'onoang'ono kuti kuchepetsedwa. Kasitomu pa ulimi akhala 11.275% m'malo 15,178%. Magulu mankhwala munthu anagwa zikuchepa ndi 10-15%. Pambuyo Russia limodzi ndi WTO m'chaka pamene anayamba kuchepa padziko lonse mavuto azachuma, gawo zoweta ulimi linakumana ndi mpikisano yaikulu misika zoweta ndi achilendo.

Akukhudza la Russia

Pakali pano, pali mabuku ambiri ndi nkhani zoyenera kuti adziwe za inalowa Russia kwa Organization Trade World. Akatswiri ambiri amati momwe polojekitiyi zabwino ndondomeko pa chuma. Chotero kodi chaka Russia limodzi ndi WTO? Mu 2012. Chasintha chiani? Inalowa anatenga zaka 18 ntchito mwakhama. Zimenezi anatenga wautali kuposa kuyembekezera. Choncho, zotsatira zabwino zingaoneke kokha m'tsogolo. Ngati akatswiri ambiri zinanenedweratu mu lalifupi amathamanga ndi wamkulu kwambiri kuposa imfa ya umembala ya WTO kuposa zinthu zenizeni. Komabe, pali ubwino njira ya kulephera mwatsatanetsatane. Choncho, inalowa kwa WTO - ili njira yabwino, popanda zomwe pofuna kukwaniritsa dziko sizikanatheka kukanakhala.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa umembala

Pambuyo Russia limodzi ndi WTO mu 2012, akatswiri a zamalamulo ndi chuma musaleme kufalitsa nkhani latsopano kupenda ziyembekezo ndi mavuto a mwambo umenewu. malingaliro atatu angathe kugawidwa:

1. Ndale. Mwachitsanzo, Pulofesa Alexander Portansky amakhulupirira kuti kugwirizana WTO Sindizakubweretsanso phindu kapena kuwavulaza.
2. Zino. Katswiri Alexei Kozlov ananena kuti WTO umembala sapereka Russia ubwino uliwonse zoonekeratu kuti kwa kanthawi kochepa. Komabe, mwambo umenewu ndi opindulitsa kwa mamembala ena a gulu. Chiyembekezo mu nthawi yayitali kwa Russia Kozlov saganizira.
3. Wachisoni. zachuma Chief pa Deutsche Bank ku Russia Yaroslav Lisovik amakhulupirira kuti WTO inalowa akhoza kusokoneza chuma dziko, makamaka mu makampani opanga, chifukwa kuchepetsa ntchito inatha.

Komabe, akatswiri ambiri amavomereza kuti phindu kwa Russia kuchokera m'bungwe la Organization Trade World idzaonetsedwa, anapereka woyenera mfundo zoweta ndi achilendo okha yaitali.