Okudzhava Shalva Stepanovich: yonena, banja

Dzina la wotchuka ndakatulo Soviet ndi Russian ndi bard Bulat Okudzhava bwino, ngati si onse, ndiye. Komabe, zambiri amadziwika ndi nkhani yomvetsa chisoni ya moyo wa makolo ake. Nthawiyi Okudjava Shalva Stepanovich pa nthawi ina anali mmodzi wa bungwe la Chijojiya Young League Communist, ndipo anachita ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu kukula mafakitale wa Urals mphamvu.

makolo

Agogo Shalva Okudzhava otchedwa mbali Paulo Peremushev mayi. Anasamukira ku Georgia pakati pa zana la 19. Amadziwika kuti nthawi imene AP Peremushev kale ntchito kwa zaka 25 kulemba anthu usilikali ndipo utatha msonkhano analandira gawo mu Kutaisi. Pali maganizo osiyanasiyana pankhani chiyambi chake. Malinga ndi ambiri, chinali mwina Russian kapena Mordvinian. Akatswiri ena timakonda talingalirani Iye Myuda ku cantonments lapansi. Mu Kutaisi P. Peremushev anayamba ntchito telala ndipo posakhalitsa wapabanja Georgia a Salome Medzmariashvili. Iye anali ndi ana aakazi atatu, woyamba kubadwa amene - Elizabeth - anakwatiwa ndi kalaliki Stepan Okudzhava. Mu banja anabadwa ana atatu.

Childhood ndi unyamata

Okudzhava Shalva Stepanovich anabadwa mu August 1901. Pamene iye anali ndi zaka 10, iye analandira kuphunzira pa olemekezeka zolimbitsa thupi la Kutaisi. Pa zaka 16 Shalva limodzi ndi boma, kutsatira chitsanzo cha abale Nicholas ndi Michael, amene anali ophunzira yogwira zochita odana ndi boma masiku a February zisinthe.

Party ntchito

Mu 1918 Shalva Okudjava limodzi ndi RCP (B) ndi m'malo a chipani chinkhoswe mu gulu Komsomol mu Georgia. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo kuti 1921, pamene mphamvu Soviet unakhazikitsidwa mu dziko, iye anali akubisala ndi katswiri sayansi ya kulimbana ndale. Pambuyo Shalva Okudzhava anaikidwa wapampando wa Kutaisi Provincial Komiti ya Komsomol, ndipo mu 1921 iye analimbikitsa kukhala mutu wa dipatimenti gulu la Komiti Central, Komsomol la Georgia.

mu Moscow

Mu 1921 Okudzhava Shalva Stepanovich anasankhidwa nthumwi ku Congress wa Comintern ndi ulendo oyamba Moscow. Nthawi ina yomwe asonkhana lidalengedwa ndi Vladimir Lenin lipoti zokhudza malamulo atsopano a zachuma. Iye anapanga kwambiri pa chikominisi wamng'ono, akuwayankhula ndi mtima wofuna kuchita zinthu zokhudzana ndi chitukuko cha chuma cha boma wamng'ono Soviet. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, Shalva Okudzhava anakhalabe ku likulu la dziko ndi kulowa mkhalidwe wa Economics wa woyamba University State. Pamene ndinali kuwerenga pa likulu, anakumana ndi Ashkhen Stepanovna Nalbandian, amene anabwera wachibale kwa wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka Vahan Teryan. Achinyamata chibwenzi ndipo anakwatilana. Mu May 1924 iwo anali ndi mwana - Bulat Shalvovich Okudzhava.

mu Tbilisi

Atangochoka kubadwa kwa mwana wake Shalva Okudzhava anali mwachangu anaitanidwa kuti Tbilisi monga gulu gulu Chijojiya akufunikira ogwira ophunzira. Kale mu December 1924, anaikidwa mutu wa dipatimenti ya mukubwadamuka ndi mabodza a Tiflis City Committee Party, Commissioner anali Chijojiya asilikali lamulo sukulu pambuyo pa zaka 2. Kenako mu 1929, Shalva Stepanovich anali azikaphunzira ku likulu, kumene maphunziro Institute of Marxism-Leninism. Atabwerera kwawo pa zaka 30, chikominisi wamng'ono anaikidwa mlembi wa City Committee Party, ndipo anasankhidwa kukhala membala wa Komiti Central, Georgia.

Relations ndi Beria

Ngakhale kuti kunja mu moyo Shalva Okudjava zinali zambiri kuposa bwino kwenikweni, pa mutu wake mitambo anali kusonkhana. Ngati pachiyambi cha ntchito yake, iye anali pansi pa mothandizidwa ndi Sergo Ordzhonikidze, ndiye pambuyo Georgia anakhala Commissar Beria, zinthu zinasintha kwambiri. Woonamtima ndi mfundo za Okudjava mobwerezabwereza analankhula kuchokera zikuchepa ndi malamulo ake ogwira. Panali mphekesera zoti Lavrenty Pavlovich anali sanyalanyaza Ashkhen, omwe anali m'gulu la akazi okongola kwambiri ku likulu la Chijojiya a nthawi imeneyo. Kumapeto kwa Okudzhava Ndinazindikira kuti ndi bwino kusiya Tiflis, ndipo anapita ndi banja lake ku Moscow. Pali iye amapatsidwa udindo mu Nizhny Tagil, chimene analandira mwansangala.

ndi Urals

The Mlengi wa poika Okudzhavy malo Mlembi wa komiti ya chipani Uralvagonstroya mu Nizhny Tagil anakhala Sergo Ordzhonikidze, wawachititsa Luso ntchito yake lili ndi akatswiri. Mu February 1934, Ordzhonikidze anakhala nthumwi kuti 17 Party Congress, ndipo patatha chaka iye anali watsopano positi - 1 mlembi wa Nizhny Tagil mzinda komiti ya CPSU (b). Zikomo ntchito yake mikhalidwe mobwerezabwereza taonera Ordzhonikidze ntchito, nthawi zambiri anabwera kudzayendera yomanga Uralvagonzavod.

mmangeni

February 18, 1937 ndi ogwira ntchito za NKVD Tagil anaukira nyumba kumene ankakhala Okudjava Shalva Stepanovich. Ndi mwamwayi zachilendo, lero mu Moscow, anawomberedwa ndi mnzake ndiponso woyang'anira wa Sergo Ordzhonikidze.

Okudzhava akhala anamvetsa zikukhalira anamangidwa. Masiku amenewo, aliyense akhoza kutumiza ku ndende popanda chifukwa chilichonse, ndipo Okudzhava anali Achilles 'chidendene - abale counterrevolutionaries kuti pambuyo kulengeza mphamvu Soviet ku Georgia, limodzi ndi lamanzere phiko kutsutsidwa. Ngakhale kuti kamodzi adachoka kugwirizana, mu 1936 zinayamba anamangidwa ndi kuimbidwa mlandu ndi Trotskyism.

Kumangidwa Director Uralvagonstroy L. Maryasin mbewu anapereka "umboni", chimene iye Okudjava anayesa kupha Sergo Ordzhonikidze paulendo wake kuti Nizhny Tagil. Izi monyenga mu 1937 linali lalikulu mokwanira, ndi funso la chipulumutso akhoza yaitali, makamaka chifukwa banjali linali kuti anatchulidwa pakati pa adani a anthu Lavrenty Beria.

Shalva Okudzhava anaonekera mu mndandanda wa anthu amene adamangidwa "chitsutsocho wa gulu loyamba." Pa phwando jargon nthawi mawu zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti mkaidi idzakhala kuwomberedwa. Chikalata pa izi anali pachibwenzi April 1, 1937, ndi pansi pa iye anali siginecha Stalin, Molotov ndi Kaganovich. chiganizocho anaphedwa 4 August 1937.

Tsoka la achibale

Atagwidwa mutu wa banja la mkazi wake, amene panthawiyo anali mlembi wa Komiti District Party mu Nizhny Tagil, ana (Bulat Shalvovich Okudzhava ndi Victor, anabadwa mu 1934), komanso okalamba mayi anasamukira ku Moscow ndipo ankakhala mu nyumba limodzi pa Arbat. Pali anamva kuti mpirawo ndi malume a tsogolo la bard wotchuka. Banja tsokali sinathe kumeneko, ndipo mu 1938 mayi Okudzhava a apolisi ku Moscow, ndipo anatumizidwa ku Karlag. Iye anabwerera ku likulu yekha mu 1947.

Trotskyism mlandu ndi mlongo Shalva - Olga Okudzhava. Mtsikanayu anali mkazi wa wotchuka Chijojiya ndakatulo Galaktion Tabidze. Pa nthawi ya anamangidwa, iye anali kudwala, koma sindinasiye ndi NKVD kutumiza ake ku ukapolo. Olga akungoyendayenda m'ndende kufikira iye anali mu Orel. September 11, 1941 mkazi, komanso akaidi oposa 150, ndi NKVD kuwomberedwa mu nkhalango Medvedev, amene ndi makilomita angapo kumpoto kwa mzinda.

Atamwalira Iosifa Stalina mkazi Shalva Okudzhava anakhala zonse akutanthauza kukwaniritsa konzanso mwamuna wake. Izi iye anakwanitsa yekha mtengo wa khama kwambiri mu 1956. Pankhaniyi, anali kufunsidwa anthu omwe ankagwira komiti mzinda wa Nizhny Tagil ndi anthu a mzinda, anatsimikizira kuti anali wosachimwa wa mwamuna wake.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa yemwe iye anali ndi mmene anamwalira Okudjava Shalva Stepanovich. Mkazi wa chikominisi kukhulupirira - Ashkhen Nalbandian - komanso ndinayamba kugonedwa ndi kupondereza Stalin, ndipo mwana wawo, Bulat onse a moyo wake ululu maganizo, ankakumbukira za momvetsa chisoni za makolo awo.