Saratov opangira magetsi siteshoni mphamvu pa Volga

Saratov HPP ndi pakati pa khumi waukulu sanali nyukiliya zomera mphamvu Russia ndi Europe. Ndi mbali yofunika ya Volga-Kama okwerera kugwa hydropower. 24 hayidiroliki wagawo anaika pa siteshoni, kulola kuti apange chaka mpaka kWh biliyoni 6. Wapakati mlingo wa pachaka pa khumi zapitazi anakwana kWh biliyoni 5.4.

"Green" mphamvu

Russia opangira magetsi mphamvu mbali yofunika kwambiri mu kotunga mosadodometsedwa magetsi ogula zoweta ndi achilendo. The gawo lalikulu la dziko, moyenda mtsinje waukulu ku Europe ndi dziko, ndi zinadzala ndi malire angathe "wobiriwira" mphamvu zochokera magwero zongowonjezwdwa - madzi, mphepo, dzuwa, mphamvu geothermal, mphamvu osefukira ndi aziweyulira ena.

Mmachitidwe 102 RF opangira magetsi pamwamba 100 MW. Saratov HPP (1378 MW) amatenga mu Zimphona mndandanda 9 malo kuganizira kuti anamaliza. Kumayambiriro a 2015, a anaika okwana mphamvu ya magetsi ya zomera adzakhala 47 MW 712,39 - amene ali oposa 20% mphamvu zonse opangidwa ku Russia.

N'kofunikanso kuti iye - machitidwe kwambiri yam'manja. Mtundu wa mphamvu amalola mkati mphindi kuwonjezera kapena kuchepa yopanga mphamvu, amene ali amazipanga zofunika kwa kuthetsa vuto la katundu pachimake mu mphamvu padziko lonse. Yerekezerani kuti kuonjezera zotsatira za siteshoni matenthedwe mphamvu, pamafunika maola angapo, ndi chithunzi zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya ndi pa onse wofanana masiku angapo. N'zosadabwitsa yomanga opangira magetsi akupitiriza.

Kufotokozera za Saratov HPP

mphamvu opangira magetsi ndi chiwiri mu Volga-Kama kugwa, ndipo ankakhala mu mzinda wa Balakovo, Saratov dera kumpoto. 24 mphamvu opangira magetsi 1378 MW mu 2014 analola dziko kuti 5504,6 kWh magetsi (zipatso kotunga). M'dera la spillway wa - 1.280.000 km² ndi avareji mowa madzi a 7.959 m³ / s.

Chinthu anali wofunika kwambiri kayendedwe likulu m'chigawo - pa damu ake ndi misewu ndi njanji, yolumikiza magombe awiri a Volga amphamvu. Palinso ofanana ntchito HPS monga kuonetsetsa mosadodometsedwa zikuluzikulu navigation, ulimi wothirira, madzi.

nkhani

Ndimapanga ogwira "Saratov HPP" amene chithunzi chidwi nyumba yaikulu miyeso, anayamba kumanga June 5, 1956 - Ichi ndi nduna kuyamba tsiku yomanga Onse-Union Komsomol mu Balakovo. Patapita zaka zingapo tawuni moperewera anali adzabadwanso, kukhala lalikulu promtsentr dziko. anthu oposa 20,000 ochokera m'madera onse nawo ntchito yomanga yomanga wapadera, ambiri a omanga nawo Balakovo adzawonongedwa.

mphamvu opangira magetsi ali adzakhala nsanja zatsopano, chimake cha kupita patsogolo atsopano ndi malingaliro choyambirira pomanga lalikulu opangira magetsi opangira magetsi, palibe zodabwitsa ena mwa makhalidwe a nyumba ndi wapadera. December 27, 1967, kukhazikitsidwa kwa woyamba mayunitsi awiri hayidiroliki, ndipo mu January 1968, a Saratov HPP chikugwirizana ndi wamba mphamvu gululi a dziko. Kukhoza cholinga cha mbewu linatulutsidwa mu 1970, kuyambira pamenepo uninterruptedly kupereka ogula mphamvu woyera.

Saratov ndi mbali ya inakula hayidiroliki zovuta za gawo European la Russia. Zina zikuluzikulu opangira magetsi magetsi pa Volga ndi Kama: Rybinsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Cheboksary, Kama, Votkinsk, Nizhnekamsk, Zhiguli, ndi Volga, ndi ena.

mfundo zosangalatsa

• Popeza kuyambira siteshoni nthawi opangidwa biliyoni 250 kilowatt-maola magetsi.
• Saratov ndi imodzi yaikulu kwambiri opangira magetsi siteshoni mphamvu, ndi chithunzi chimene mukuonera TV, nazonse, zokhudza sayansi, chuma intaneti.
• Yomanga osiyana sanali muyezo Kamangidwe - kupanda catchment pulatinamu.
• The makina chipinda motalikitsa mu Russia, nthawi yomweyo okonzeka ndi denga collapsible.
• 24 hayidiroliki wagawo ndi 3 zamitundu yosiyanasiyana - ena ndi lalikulu kwambiri mu Russia.
• maofesi opangira magetsi anatumizidwa 1 kalasi yodalirika, zikuphatikizapo: ndi embankment damu, zadothi damu, thupi waukulu catchments pansi, loko kutumiza, rybopriemnik, kugawa zipangizo 35, 220 ndi 500 kV.
• The damu ali kutalika 1260 m, kutalika apamwamba 42 m, pa damu namytye kiyubiki mamita miliyoni 6,6 dothi. Amakhala m'munsi ndi (a m'lifupi 360 m) ndi malo siteshoni.
• La utali wonse wa dikes Russian zomera lalikulu hydropower - oposa 13 Km. Kutalika pa chimbuzi - 23 m.
• Thupi waukulu njira-mtundu - ndiko kuti, zimatengera pa kuthamanga madzi, ili mu mtima wa damu la.
• Machine HPP yaitali holo latsopano la Russia -. 990 mamita ozungulira awiri a turbines ndilo mbiri - 10,3 m.

JSC "RusHydro"

Saratov HPP mu January 2008 limodzi ndi gulu la JSC "RusHydro" - mu Russia yaikulu ikuyambitsa kampani ndi wachiwiri m'dziko mawu a anaika zomera mphamvu hydropower (pa 25 GW). Pa nthawi imeneyi, "RusHydro", asonkhane 64 analipo 7 pansi zolinga kumanga, 23 opaleshoni ndipo 7 HPS, 3 Geothermal magetsi, ndi ES osefukira, malo kafukufuku, malonda makampani ndi mabungwe kamangidwe. Pakati zosiyanasiyana lonse Saratov pakati pa ogulitsa khumi yaikulu ya magetsi kuti mitundu yonse ya okwerera. Yonseyi mtsogoleri mu "wobiriwira" (zongowonjezwdwa) mphamvu.

Yaikulu Yomanga Investment

Kumangidwa kwa magetsi akupitiriza Komabe, pa kusintha kwa akale siyenera, umboni ndi ngozi yoopsa kwambiri ya Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. Popeza zinachitikira chisoni kampani kasamalidwe "RusHydro" achititsa phased Mokweza nsanza zida.

Panthawi (ndipo mpaka 2030) Saratov HPP phased wamakono ndi kuika zipangizo zotsogola. Makamaka, "RusHydro" anafika mgwirizano ndi kampani Austria Voith hydro m'malo 21 hydro turbines ndi opangira magetsi №24 ndi yobereka zinthu pofika cha 2025 "turnkey". Current Investment Ntchito, amene mtengo adzakhala upambana mayuro 1 biliyoni, anali n'kale lonse la Saratov HPP ndi yaikulu chifukwa m'deralo. Zikuoneka kuti chopangira mphamvu ndi udzabala Chirasha Austria olowa yotereyi.

wamakono wa turbines

Kukhazikitsanso HPP ikukhudza unsembe wa turbines madzi a mbadwo watsopano. Pre-kufufuza ntchito kumaphatikizapo kusintha machenjerero impeller, amene adzakupatsani masamba S-mtundu ndi servo galimoto, yomwe ili pansi. Izi setifiketi «Voith hydro» dongosolo zimapangitsa chopangira mphamvu "makwerero nsomba» (Nsomba wochezeka). kamangidwe cholinga mobwerezabwereza kuchepetsa choipa ndi imfa ya nsomba kudutsa chopangira mphamvu, ndilo vuto lalikulu mu zonse kugwa Volga-Kama. Komanso kusintha chitetezo zachilengedwe ndi kupeŵa ndi mafuta chopangira mphamvu m'madzi.

wamakono mayunitsi mphamvu

Pa Saratov opangira magetsi siteshoni mphamvu ndi mapeto a 2013. Energy m'malo mayunitsi onse asanu. Ankamangidwanso ndi kutumidwa zida ndi zina zamakono, wodalirika otetezedwa ndi ndalama mayunitsi mphamvu kupita popanda kukonzanso kwa zaka zoposa 30.

Pamodzi ndi akweza mayunitsi mphamvu achita m'Mphamvu opangira magetsi № № 13 ndi 14 - yotsirizira ochokera ku aggregates ofukula pa chimene zodziwikiratu dongosolo ano ulamuliro (ACS). Choncho, anamaliza chomaliza cha polojekiti zaka zisanu ndi kukonzanso onse ACS ofukula mayunitsi hayidiroliki.

Mwaubwino komanso ndi mphamvu

Integrated wamakono pulogalamu ikukhudza Mokweza opangira magetsi kuganizira kufunika, dzuwa zachuma ndi ntchito zimene zikuchitika posachedwapa sayansi. M'pofunika kuonetsetsa downtime kochepa ndi kuchepetsedwa hydropower m'badwo, posachedwapa kukhazikitsa ntchito yokonzanso.

Pamene kukhazikitsa pulogalamu wamakono zakonzedwa njira mabuku zokhudza makasitomala, oimira mabungwe kufufuza ndi zida opanga. Kwa nthawi yoyamba pamaso kukhazikitsa pulogalamu ikuchitika chisanadze ntchito anayendera zamakono zomera zonse zovuta hydropower ndi chitukuko wotsatira wa ntchito ya wamakono wa zovuta zake ndi nawo mlengi wamkulu wa Saratov HPP. Timapereka "moyo" pambuyo-malonda utumiki wa m'malo mayunitsi opanga.

chikondi

Ndalama lachifundo mapulogalamu mamiliyoni ndalama allocated pachaka. Makamaka, ndi akulu sukulu DYUSTSH thandizo "kukula" mu Balakovo, komwe ana zikugwira kusambira pansi pamadzi ndi lathu, "Hospital Ana № 1" ndi mabungwe ena. Monga mbali ya ntchito yophunzitsa opangira magetsi zathandiza kuti akonzekeretse kwa zasayansi "Balakovo Polytechnic". Pachikhalidwe ndi matpomosch anamenyela madzulo a tsiku Chigonjetso.

anapezazo

ntchito mwina kuposa wofuna kuposa HPS. Photos wa zimphona konkire miyeso chodabwitsa ndi mayunitsi ndi umisiri ntchito kusonyeza mafakitale mphamvu zatsopano ndi ganizo sayansi.

Hydropower n'chofunikira kutsogolera popereka magetsi ndi anthu ndi makampani. luso limene tingaphunzire pa ntchito yomanga ndi ntchito zomera hydropower, lingathe yaikulu mitsinje Russian, ndi zachilengedwe otetezedwa ndi zongowonjezwdwa zopangira magetsi kulola kuwonjezera mphamvu ndi kumanga zomera latsopano ndi wamakono wa ntchito. Saratov HPP zambiri pa ntchito m'njira, kutsimikizira chidwi.