SERGEY Esenin - mbiri ndi ntchito ya ndakatulo iyi. Pamene tsiku la kubadwa kwa Sergeya Esenina?

Sergei Yesenin. Dzina lalikulu Russian ndakatulo - ndi connoisseur moyo dziko, woimba wa m'mphawi Russia, bwino kuti aliyense ndakatulo kalekale Russian zapamwamba, ndipo pa tsiku la kubadwa kwa Sergeya Esenina kupita admirers ntchito zake.

Moni inu, aŵiri! Kodi aŵiri!

Chimes Aspen mazira.

Bambo anga - mlimi,

Chabwino, ine - mwana m'mphawi a.

SERGEY Esenin: yonena za ndakatulo Russian

Ryazan dera. Konstantinovo m'mudzimo. Mu 1895 anabadwa ndakatulo, amene ntchito anamusilira ngakhale lero admirers ntchito zake. October 3 - The kubadwa Sergeya Esenina. Kuyambira ndili mwana, mnyamata anakulira olemera ndi akhama agogo akuchikazi, ndi connoisseur kwambiri mabuku mpingo. Choncho, mwa kuweruza wa mwana ndakatulo achipembedzo, anaimba kuyendayenda akhungu, ndi nkhani ya agogo ake okondedwa, likunjanja wolemba ndakatulo pa ntchito yake kuti watenga chiyambi mu m'badwo wa 9.

SERGEY maphunziro grade 4 Zemsky sukulu ina, ngakhale ndinaphunzira zaka 5: chifukwa cha khalidwe osagwira asiyidwa mu chaka 2. Anapitiriza kupeza chidziwitso Woyera Klepiki parochial sukulu, kukonzekera aphunzitsi akumidzi.

Likulu la mizinda ya ku Russia chiyambi cha moyo watsopano

Ndili ndi zaka 17 anapita ku Moscow, ndinapeza ntchito mu shopu nyama, kumene bambo wake ankagwira ntchito ngati kalaliki wa. Pambuyo pa nkhondo ndi kholo zinasintha ntchito: anasamukira ku yofalitsa, ndiyeno yosindikiza nyumba yoona. Kumeneko anakumana Izryadnova Anna, amene anabereka naye, 19 wazaka, mu December 1914 mwana George, amene anawomberedwa mu 1937 pa chigamulo onyenga pa kuyesa pa moyo Stalin.

M'nthawi ya anakhala ku likulu la ndakatulo iyi nawo mabuku ndi nyimbo bwalo iwo. Surikov, limodzi ndi opanduka okonda ogwira ntchito, zimene zinatsala chidwi cha apolisi. Mu 1912 anakhala Auditor nawo Anthu a University A. Shanyavsky mu Moscow. Pali Yesenin ali ndizosowa maphunziro zaluso, kumvetsera nkhani mabuku European ndi Russian Western. Birthday Sergeya Esenina kudziwika kwa mafani zambiri za ntchito yake - October 3, 1895. ntchito zake m'zinenero zambiri ndipo zina mwa maphunziro pa sukulupo. Malinga ndi nthawi masiku ano anthu ambiri amachita chidwi ndi zimene uxamwali wolemba ndakatulo mzere ndi akazi okongola, kaya akazi ankakonda Sergeya Esenina ngati iye nayenso? Kodi (kapena amene) anamuuza kuti achite; kutero, kuti zaka za ndakatulo zake ndi zogwirizana, chidwi, wokondedwa.

Moyo ndi ntchito ya Sergeya Esenina

Buku loyamba la ntchito Esenina zinachitika mu 1914 mu magazini mzinda, koma chiyambi cha kuwonekera koyamba kugulu bwino linali ndakatulo wotchedwa "Birch". Chabe tsiku m'ma Sergeya Esenina kubadwa amadziwika pafupifupi wophunzira, bola ngati wolemba ndakatulo anaponda pa ulendo wake yaminga anatchuka ndi kuzindikira. Mu Petrograd, kumene Sergei anasamukira m'chaka cha 1915, poganiza kuti onse moyo zolembalemba ndi anaikira mu mzinda uno, kuwerenga ntchito zake Bloch, amene anabwera timudziwe bwino. Ofunda olandiridwa ozungulira wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka ndi chiyanjo cha ndakatulo iwo anauzira mtumiki wa midzi Russian ndi minda lalikulu pa ntchito zina.

Anazindikira, ife kufalitsa, kuwerenga,

Luntha Sergeya Esenina anazindikira Klyuev Na, Gorodetsky SM, AM Remizov, NS Gumilyov, ankadziwa chimene mnyamatayo anakakamizika kuti ndigwire. Pafupifupi onse ndakatulo anabweretsa zinasindikizidwa, ndi SERGEY Esenin, amene yonena za lero ndi chidwi mafani a ndakatulo iyi, anakhala wotchuka. Olowa zisudzo ndakatulo ndi Kluyev kutsogolo kwa omvera mu kalembedwe wowerengeka, kalembedwe wamba, achinyamata golide tsitsi ndakatulo anawonekera ngati nsapato Morocco ndi malaya yopeta. Anzathu ndi anthu ammudzi "novokrestyanskih olemba ndakatulo" ndipo ankakonda langizo la. Nkhani chifunguliro cha ndakatulo ya Yesenin anali m'mphawi Russia, chikondi umene wafala ntchito zake zonse.

Mu 1916 iye anali usilikali, koma chifukwa cha nkhawa ndi kuvutanganitsidwa anzawo anandisankha kukhala mwadongosolo mu nkhondo kuchipatala sitima ya Mfumukazi Alexandra Feodorovna, amene analola ndakatulo popanda chopinga nawo salons zolembalemba, kusewera nyimbo, anapezeka phwando pa ogula ndi.

Lazaro osauka ndakatulo iyi

October kuukira boma idatenga Njira yake mosangalala ndi nsangala analemba mndandanda wa ndakatulo yaing'ono "ng'oma kumwamba", "Inonia", "Nkhunda wa Yordano", zinapatsira ndi premonition kusintha m'tsogolo; moyo ndi ntchito Sergeya Esenina anali pachiyambi kwa latsopano, koma unexplored njira - njira ya ulemerero ndi kuzindikira.

Mu 1916 linasindikizidwa kuwonekera koyamba kugulu buku Esenina "Radunica", anali moni ndi changu otsutsa amene napeza malangizo atsopano, kukoma chilengedwe cha wolemba ndi akulembayo wake achinyamata. Komanso, kuyambira mu 1914 mpaka 1917, udatuluka kulisindikiza "Goluben", "Russia", "Mkazi Martha-Bwanamkubwa wa", "Mikola" yodziwika ndi zinazake Esenin kalembedwe ndi humanization nyama, zomera, zochitika zachilengedwe, zomwe mawonekedwe pamodzi ndi anthu olumikizidwa ku chikhalidwe, kwathunthu, zogwirizana ndi dziko lokongola. Zithunzi Yesenin Russia - molemekeza, n'kuchititsa tanthauzo pafupifupi achipembedzo a ndakatulo iyi utoto kumvetsa mochenjera chikhalidwe cha mbaula ankatenthetsa, galu Zacuto, nekoshenym hayfields, chithaphwi zithaphwi, Nthaŵi zina mkonono umasonyeza tabun ndi chisangalalo mowers.

Ukwati chachiwiri Sergeya Esenina

Mu 1917 wolemba ndakatulo anakwatira Ulamuliro wa Nazi Zinaida Nikolaevna, ku ukwati wake umene ana anabadwa SERGEY Yesenin mwana Konstantin ndi mwana Tatiana. Panthawi imeneyi, kutchuka pano pakubwera Yesenin, wolemba ndakatulo amakhala anthu, anaitanidwa zosiyanasiyana kuwerenga ndakatulo. Mu 1918 - 1921 zaka zambiri m'madera osiyanasiyana m'dzikoli: Crimea, ndi Caucasus, Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, Turkestan, Bessarabia. Anagwira ndakatulo zochititsa chidwi "Pugachev", masika anakwera Orenburg steppe.

Mu 1918-1920, wolemba ndakatulo anadzakhala wolimba ndi Mariengof AB, Shershenevich VG Ivnev R. natengako imagism - pambuyo chosintha zolembalemba ndi luso chochitika zomwe zinali zochokera futurism, kuzifuna kuti pomanga "luso la m'tsogolo", chikuni latsopano, kumakana zonse zinachitikira m'mbuyomu luso. Yesenin anakhala mlendo kawirikawiri lesitirantiyo zolembalemba "Pegasus onenepa" kuti Moscow Nikitsky Chipata. Ndakatulo, kufuna kudziwa "kulankhula kulera Lazaro" pang'ono nawo chiyembekezo wongokhazikitsidwa malo, omwe cholinga chawo chinali woyeretsedwa mawonekedwe a "fumbi". Iye akupitiriza yekha ndakatulo "Kutha Russia". ndakatulo wake anaonekera moyo zolinga, "anatembenuka mwathunthu" oledzera kufika, umene umabwera m'malo mtima kuswa wozingwa. Wolemba ndakatulo limapezeka ndewu, wovutitsa, woledzera ndi moyo wamagazi, akungoyendayenda kwa mahule mu khola, kumene azungulira "chachilendo ndi kuseka chisokonezo" (zopereka za "Moscow Nyumba," "avomere wovutitsa" ndi "ndakatulo achinyamata okhaokha").

Mu 1920, kugwa kwa zaka zitatu ukwati Z. Ulamuliro wa Nazi. SERGEY Yesenin ana aliyense anapita njira zawo: Constantine anakhala ziwerengero wotchuka mpira, ndipo Tatiana - mkulu wa m'nyumbayi wa atate wake, ndi membala wa Writers 'Union.

Aysedora Dunkan ndi Sergei Yesenin

Mu 1921 Yesenin anakumana ndi wovina Aysedoroy Dunkan. Iye sanalankhule mu Russian, ndakatulo, kuwerenga kwambiri ndi ophunzira kwambiri, sankadziwa zilankhulo, koma ku msonkhano woyamba, pa pamaso pa mkazi uyu kuvina Sergeya Esenina irreversibly anayetsetsa ake. Awiri amene Isadora anali zaka zoposa 18, sanaleke zaka zosiyana. ankakonda wake mChipangano "mngelo," ndipo iye anamuitana "Isidore". The immediacy wa Isadora, kuvina ake Esenina lankhosa openga. Iye anamuwona iye monga ofooka ndi mosadziteteza mwana a Sergei akunjenjemera mwachikondi ndipo ngakhale potsirizira pake ndinaphunzira dazeni mawu Russian. Mu Russia, ntchito Isadora wakhala si ntchito chifukwa boma la Soviet sanali kupereka munda wa ntchito chomwe ndi kuchita masamu. Banjali wokwatira ndipo ali ndi dzina wamba Duncan Esenina. Atakwatirana, Yesenin ndi mkazi wake anapita ku Ulaya, anapita France, Germany, Canada, Italy, Belgium, United States. Duncan anayesetsa kulenga maubale mwamuna wake bungwe Mabaibulo a ndakatulo wake ndi kufalitsa iwo, kukonza ndakatulo madzulo, koma kunja izo anazindikira monga zowonjezerazo kwa wovina odziwika. Ndakatulo anaphonya, anamva sinadzatengedwe ndi achibale achabechabe, anavutika maganizo. Yesenin ndinayamba kumwa mowa azilemekeza anali pafupipafupi mikangano yowawitsa mosamala ndipo anayamba chiyanjanitso. M'kupita kwa nthawi, chiŵerengero cha Esenina kwa mkazi wake, amene adaona si abwino, ndiponso anthu wamba okalamba mkazi zasintha. Iye anali ataledzera, nthawi zina kugwedeza Isadora, anadandaula kwa anzake kuti iye Adapendekera ku za iye n'kubwera unstuck. Banjalo unasweka mu 1923, Yesenin anabwerera ku Moscow.

Zaka zomalizira za zilandiridwenso Esenina

M'tsogolo, ntchito ya ndakatulo iyi ndi yovuta kwambiri anadzudzula mphamvu Soviet ( "Dziko Scoundrels", 1925). Pambuyo kuti ayamba kuzunza a ndakatulo iyi, mlandu wake wa ndewu ndi kuledzera. The zaka ziwiri zapitazi moyo akhala woyendayenda wokhazikika; SERGEY Esenin - Russian ndakatulo pothawa kuzunzidwa malamulo, katatu kupita ku Caucasus, ndinapita ku Leningrad ndipo ankafika mokhazikika Konstantinovo, konse kuswa naye. Nthawi imeneyi, kagwire "ndakatulo 26", "amajambulapo maluwa okongola Persian", "Anna Snegina", "golide yakhalapo". Mu ndime kuwalamulira malo nkumagwiritsabe ndi dziko lathu, tsopano kupeza mithunzi ya sewero. Nthawiyi ndi zambiri m'nyimbo zolemba za m'dzinja malo, amajambulapo maluwa okongola mwachidule mfundo ndi kutsanzikana.

Tiwonana mnzanga, tiwonana ...

Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 1925 wolemba ndakatulo, kuyesera kuti adzathe kuyamba banja, pamodzi ndi ukwati Sofey Andreevnoy - mdzukulu wa Lva Tolstogo. Koma mgwirizano uwu sanasangalale. Moyo Sergeya Esenina anali anagubuduza kutsikatsika: mowa mwauchidakwa, maganizo, amakhazikitsa malamulo kuthamanga chifukwa chakuti mkazi wa ndakatulo kuika mu chipatala cha amisala. Ndinadziwa za kokha bwalo yopapatiza ya anthu, koma panali bwino anthu ena achititsa kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa polojekiti wotchi za chipatala. apolisi anafuna mu PB Gannushkin - Professor chipatala ichi - opereka Esenina. Yotsirizira anakana, Yesenin, kuyembekezera mwayi, linasokonekera chithandizo, ndi Khamu la alendo anasiya bungwe neuropsychiatric ndipo anapita Leningrad.

December 14 adamaliza ntchito pa ndakatulo "Black Man" imene zaka 2. ntchito lofalitsidwa wakhala pambuyo pa imfa ya ndakatulo a. December 27 pansi pa cholembera Sergeya Esenina lofalitsidwa lake lomaliza "chabwino, bwenzi langa, tsalani bwino." Moyo ndi ntchito ya Sergeya Esenina zinatha, m'khutu ndi zovuta kuzimvetsa. Zilibe kukhala Russian ndakatulo, thupi lake anapezeka atapachikidwa mu hotelo "Angleterre" pa usiku wa December 28, 1925.

Pa tsiku la kubadwa kwa Sergeya Esenina kupita kumulemekeza kulikonse Russia, koma zochitika kwambiri zikuluzikulu imachitikira wakwawo wa Konstantinovo, omwe amabwera kuchokera konsekonse mu dziko zikwi admirers ntchito ndakatulo a.