Shostakovich Maksim Dmitrievich: MBIRI, zilandiridwenso

Anthu ali ndi maganizo chikhalidwe wakhazikika pa ana a anthu otchuka. Komabe, mwana wa wotchuka Russian Wolemba Dmitri Shostakovich limakhulupirira anakwanitsa kwathunthu kutsutsa mphekesera kuponderezedwa. Limba ndi wochititsa kwa Mulungu, iye anakhala kudadziwika zikomo dziko kuti ndalama titadziwa nyimbo ndi ntchito molimbikira.

Kubadwa ndi moyo woyambirira

Limakhulupirira Shostakovich anabadwa mu Leningrad, May 10, 1938. bambo ake anali munthu wotchuka mu Soviet Union Wolemba Dmitriy Dmitrievich Shostakovich. mayi a Calvin anali Katswiri Nina Vasilevna Varzar kuti atakwatirana anakana kulenga ntchito sayansi ndi zoyenera yekha kwa mwamuna wake ndi ana. Kuwonjezera limakhulupirira, banjali anakulira mwana wamkazi wamkulu Galina. Zaka zoyambirira za moyo wa mnyamatayo anali ndimachita nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Kuzinga Leningrad Shostakovich anakumana mu kwawo. Apa Dmitri ndinkagwira ntchito pa Seventh wake wotchuka Symphony, yomwe kenako ukufalitsidwa ndi wailesi ku Nazi anatenga dziko likulu kumpoto kwa lonse lalikulu la Soviet Union. Mu 1942, wolemba ndi banja lake anasamutsidwa kuti Kuibyshev (Samara), ndipo chaka anasamukira ku Moscow Shostakovich. Mu Leningrad iwo sakanakhoza kubwerera.

Ndi bambo wake, Wolemba

Shostakovich Maksim Dmitrievich anapitiriza amakumbukirabe za bambo ake. Iye anafotokoza kuti munthu modabwitsa anzeru ndi aluntha. Wolemba ndi mkazi wake kulera ana awo mwa chitsanzo, instil makhalidwe iwo okha positive. Little limakhulupirira ndipo Galina sakudziwa chilango chimene thupi. Ngati iwo anachita mulandu uliwonse, atate wake akhaapatisa kupereka ntchito wosalembedwa kuchita choncho. Pambuyo pake, ngakhale ana sakanakhoza kuganiza za akusasatitsa kapena kusamvera makolo.

imfa akuchikazi

Adadi anali kwa limakhulupirira ndi mlongo wake ulamuliro unquestioned, ndi mayi wake - kunyumba, odalirika kumbuyo ndi mlangizi okhulupirika. Mwatsoka, Nina Vasilyevna sanatero mu 1954, pamene mwana wake anapita chaka chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi. imfa ya mayi anali mavuto aakulu a mwambi wakale wamng'ono, amene sakanakhoza kuvomereza. Atangomwalira mkazi wake woyamba, wotchedwa Dmitry Shostakovich anakwatira Margaret Kaynova chipani wantchito. Ukwati naye sizinakhalitse, ndipo mu 1962, limakhulupirira ali ondipeza latsopano Irina Antonovna Supinskaya, anali mkonzi wa yofalitsa "Woipeka Soviet". Ndi bambo ake anakhala mpaka imfa yake mu 1975.

kusankha kukhala ndi wochititsa

Dmitri Shostakovich kuyambira ndili wamng'ono anatenga mwana wake rehearsals ndi zoimbaimba. ntchito Papa anaonetsetsa kuzizwa ndi mnyamata, ndipo iye anagwa mchikondi ndi nyimbo mtima wake wonse, iye sakanakhoza kulingalira popanda moyo wawo anapitiriza. Mu 1946, limakhulupirira anapita rehearsal a nthetemya 8 la atate wake ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi ntchito ya katswiri wochititsa Evgeniya Mravinskogo. Kenako mwamphamvu anaganiza kuti m'tsogolo adzakhala chinkhoswe dirizhorstvom.

Maphunziro ku Sukulu ya Music ndi Conservatory

Limakhulupirira D. maphunziro kwambiri. Motsogoleredwa Helena Petrovna Joven Iye anaphunzira limba pa Music Sukulu ya Moscow Conservatory. mphunzitsi wake Wochititsa anati mkazi amene anatumikira mokhulupirika luso la nyimbo. Nditamaliza sukulu ya sekondale anayamba limba mphamvu ya Moscow Conservatory. Apa, mphunzitsi mwana Shostakovich anali kwambiri Soviet limba Yakov Flier. mayeso pakhomo yopemphera kwa inali wachinyamata wina anachita wachiwiri limba concerto, lolembedwa ndi atate wake wotchuka. Pa chaka chachinayi anasamutsa kwa luso Shostakovich wochititsa a. Apa aphunzitsi ake anali ngati akuwauza wotchuka ngati Nikolai Rabinovich, Alexander Gauk ndi Gennady Rozhdestvensky.

ntchito wochititsa mu USSR

Nditamaliza maphunziro ku inali mu 1963. Shostakovich Maksim Dmitrievich anakhala wachiwiri kwa mphunzitsi wochititsa wa Moscow Symphony Orchestra Veroniki Borisovny Dudarovoy. Pamodzi ndi iye, wayenda pa maulendo mu Soviet Union. zaka 3 Patapita woimba wachinyamata ntchito ndi boma Symphony Orchestra wa USSR. Kukhala wothandizira wochititsa kwambiri Evgeny Fedorovich Svetlanov, mwana wolemba yoyamba namuka. Pa ntchito yake pa State Orchestra, iye anapita ku Ulaya, anapita United States, Canada, Mexico ndi Japan.

Titamaliza wa wothandizira akuti pa Svetlanova limakhulupirira Dmitrievich anaitanidwa kukagwira ntchito mu Symphony Orchestra Onse-Union Radio ndi pakati pa TV. Pambuyo pake anaikidwa mkulu wochititsa ake. mwana 1971 Shostakovich a limakhulupirira anakhala mtsogoleri wa Symphony Orchestra kwa Utumiki wa Culture la Soviet Union. Izi wochititsa idamangidwa kwa zaka 10. Mu 1978, chifukwa cha zinthu zazikulu zimene music, iye anali kupereka mutu wa analemekeza Chithunzi cha RSFSR lapansi.

Mu 1979, limakhulupirira Shostakovich anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu monga wochititsa opera. Motsogozedwa wake, adaperekedwa masewero a angapo, kuphatikizapo "Lady Macbeth wa Mtsensk District", "mphuno" ndi zina zotero. D.

Emigration ku US

Ngakhale "nkhondo ozizira" pakati Soviet Union ndiponso mayiko a azungu, limakhulupirira Shostakovich, mbiri yomwe m'nkhani ino, wanena kunja. kuwonekera koyamba kugulu wake monga wochititsa kunja kwa dzikoli unachitika mu 1968 ku likulu la British. Ndiye adapereka pa Royal Chikondwerero Hall ndi London Philharmonic Orchestra. Patapita chaka chimodzi, Maksim Dmitrievich ndi State Orchestra anapita chachikulu woyendera ulendo US.

Woyendayenda pa maiko capitalist, mwana wa Shostakovich anaona mmene chosalungama boma Soviet amachitira ojambula zithunzi zake. Kukwiya ndi moyo mu USSR chinawonjezeka ndi kudutsa chaka ndi chaka kwambiri. Pomaliza, mu 1981 pa ulendo wa Germany Shostakovich Maksim Dmitrievich ndinatenga chisankho motsimikiza kuti abwerere kwawo. KUCHOKA KWAKE Soviet Union kunali ndale Zionetsero cholemba. Kondakitala ankafuna kusewera nyimbo zimene amakonda, osati kuonera kutsatira malangizo "kuchokera pamwamba". Maganizo za emigration anapita izo, koma mpaka bambo anali ndi moyo, sangakwanitse kuponyera. Atamwalira Dmitri Shostakovich mu 1975, chilakolako kuzemba USSR anakhala wamphamvu. Stagnation kuti wokhawokha mbali zonse za moyo m'dziko ankaoneka Shostakovich Jr. wosatha. Iye ankafuna kuti ana ndi adzukulu kukula mu dziko ufulu. Iye pambuyo ulendo ku Germany ndi mwana wake Dmitri, wochititsa patapita kanthawi iye anasamuka ku United States. Ganizo kuti tsiku lina Iye phazi pa nthaka Russian, iye sanatero.

Professional ntchito mu ukapolo

Shostakovich a ntchito zaluso inkayenda mu West chimodzimodzi bwino kuposa mu USSR. Mu 1983, anali kupita ku Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra, amene anali wotsogozedwa kwa zaka ziwiri. M'zaka 1986-1991 limakhulupirira Dmitrievich anali wochititsa mkulu wa Philharmonic Orchestra wa New Orleans. Kukhala United States, Shostakovich anapitiriza ntchito molimbika ndipo mwachangu kuchita. Kuwonjezera moyo zisudzo, iye anali nawo nyimbo ndi concertos limba wa atate wake. Mu 1994, kondakitala kwa nthawi yoyamba pambuyo emigration anadza kwa Russia pa ulendo. Ngakhale kufunika akatswiri mu West, nthawi zambiri kwathu. Mu 1997, iye ndi banja lake anabwerera ku Russia ndipo anakakhala ku St. Petersburg.

Akazi ndi ana a wochititsa ndi

Limakhulupirira Shostakovich anakwatiwa kawiri. Pa mkazi woyamba wa limba ndi wochititsa kudziwika pang'ono kwambiri. Mu laukwati anali 1961. Mwana, amene anali polemekeza agogo wotchuka wotchedwa wotchedwa Dmitry. Pambuyo kusamuka ndi bambo ake ku Soviet Union, anakhalako nthawi zina mu United States, kenako anasamukira ku France. Wotchedwa Dmitry Maksimovic ndawala imene nyimbo synthesizers amagetsi.

dzina Current mkazi Shostakovich ndi Marina. mwana wake Wolemba anakwatira atasamukira ku United States. ukwati wachiwiri anali ndi ana awiri - wamkazi Maria ndi mwana limakhulupirira, amene anapita njira kulenga. Kuyambira ndili mwana, iwo anatenga gawo mu zoimbaimba, tinaphunzira kuimba zida zoimbira nyimbo.

Pa moyo wanu sangathe kudandaula limakhulupirira Shostakovich. Mkazi Marina sanali kokha mayi wa ana ake kwa iye, koma izi okonda akuthandiza mkazi wake luso amayesetsa onse. Kondakitala adamuwona kwa nthawi yoyamba pa mawu ake pa madzulo nyimbo mu Nyumba ya mabungwe. Marina, amene ndiye komabe kusukulu, malangizo a aphunzitsi anapereka mwamuna wake watsogolo maluwa. Powapatsa banja anatenga zambiri mtsogolo. The chikondi pakati Maksimom Dmitrievichem ndi Marina anayamba atatsala pang'ono emigration ake America. kale Iwo anakwatira mu States, komwe anasiya wokondedwa wake. Palinso banjalo mwana ndi mwana.

Limodzi ndi mkazi wachiwiri

Ngakhale mu US, limakhulupirira Shostakovich ndi Marina pafupipafupi Orthodox ndi mchitidwe umenewu. malo awo ankakonda unali mpingo waung'ono wa St. Nicholas anamanga khama la yotamandika kwambiri ndege mlengi Igorya Sikorskogo. kusankha kubwerera ku Russia zinapangidwa ndi akazi ana awo anayamba kukula. Iwo akhafuna ana awo anakulira chilengedwe Russian ndi ndaleredwa mu mwambo Orthodox. Ngakhale kuti kondakitala ndi mkazi wake pamaso kusamukira ku United States ankakhala Moscow, atabwerera kunyumba, anakhazikika ku St. Petersburg - mzinda komwe anabadwa limakhulupirira Shostakovich. kondakitala, banja anakakhala mtima wa mzinda lodziwika bwino pa Neva. Shostakovich anabwerera nyimbo, ndipo Marina analowa moyo pagulu. Zikomo kuti khama lake pa tchalitchi cha St. Catherine ku St. Petersburg sukulu linatsegulidwa, limene ana, kuwonjezera nzika pachimake, anaphunzitsa nyimbo, kujambula ndi kuvina. Wamwamuna ndi wamkazi Shostakovich m'gulu la anthu oyamba a ana ake. Kenaka, banjali zikugwira ntchito yomanga bungwe yophunzitsa Pavlovsk.

Kubwerera ku ntchito wochititsa ku Russia

Zochokera ku likulu la kumpoto, adatola yolimbikira akatswiri ntchito Shostakovich, Maksim Dmitrievich. Music akadali ali kwambiri pa moyo wake. Kondakitala anayamba kugwirizana ndi oimba mu Moscow, St. Petersburg ndiponso mizinda ina Russian. Komanso, anabwerera mbiri ya ntchito ndipo anayamba kuchita ziwonetsero msewu. Malinga limakhulupirira Shostakovich, nyimbo zimamuthandiza kumverera kuti bambo wake adakali naye, ndipo amakondwera bwino wake.