Sitima zankhondo American: mndandanda. Ntchito sitima zankhondo za nyukiliya

The bulu wa dziko lililonse - ndi njira yamphamvu ya geopolitical containment. A sitima zapamadzi zombo, ndi pamaso pawo amakhudza mgwirizano wa mayiko ndi escalation nkhondo. Ngati m'zaka za m'ma XIX, Britain kumatanthauza mbali malire a frigates asilikali, mu XX m'ma mtsogoleri nyanja dziko wobwezera bulu wa United States of America. Ndipo sitima zankhondo American achita ntchito.

ndiyofunikila kufunika

Sitima zapamadzi zombo afika kwa America kukhala zofunika kwambiri. Mbiri yakale, dziko zinali zochepa ndi malire a madzi, kukhale kovuta kwa kuukira adani a covert. Mkubwela mu dziko la sitima zankhondo ano m'madzi ndi mivi "sitima zapamadzi - mpweya" malire, izi ayamba yowawitsa kwa America.

Kukula kukumana kwa mgwirizano wa mayiko ndi maiko Muslim zimapangitsa kuukira moyo wa nzika za America weniweni. Aku Iran Islamists ali sanandisiye zoyesayesa awo kukhala mivi "sitima zapamadzi - mpweya", ndi kuopseza malo onse m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya America. Ndipo mu nkhani iyi, chiwonongeko adzakhala kwambiri. Pewani kuukira kale m'madzi zitha kukhala mdani chomwecho.

Panopa pulezidenti US Donald Lipenga atamufunsa wake woyamba ananena kuti akufuna kuonjezera otsatira US sitima zapamadzi zombo. Koma pansi pa chikhalidwe chimodzi - kuchepetsa ndalama zake. Izi ndi zofunika kuganiza mabungwe olimbikitsa nyukiliya sitima zankhondo US. The zachilendo alikomweko. Pambuyo Donald Lipenga anati kuti pempho ku Boeing Company ntchito yobweretsa mtengo womenya, Lockheed Martin kampani kuchepetsa mtengo wa womenya F -35.

kumenyana mphamvu

Masiku ano, US sitima zapamadzi maboti ndi mphamvu ambiri atomiki. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pogwira ntchito mu mphamvu ya nkhondowo adzakhala ndi malire ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya ndi madzi pa bolodi. The kalasi sitima zankhondo ochuluka kuposa "Los Angeles." Izi maboti lachitatu m'badwo ndi kusamutsidwa matani pafupifupi 7, kuya pamadzi mpaka mamita 300 ndipo ndalama za $ 1 miliyoni. Panopa Koma America m'malo iwo ndi maboti m'badwo wachinayi "Virginia" kalasi, okonzeka ndi mtengo $ miliyoni 2,7. Ndipo mtengo uwu adzayesedwa wolungama ndi ntchito yawo moyo.

effectives

Lero, ndi US Navy akutsogolera ndi chiwerengero, ndi pa akuphunzitsa manja panyanja. Magulu panyanja ya United States tichipeza 14 sitima zankhondo njira nyukiliya ndi 58 kuukira sitima zankhondo.

US asilikali sitima zapamadzi zombo ali okonzeka ndi mitundu iwiri ya sitima zankhondo:

• Ocean ballistic bwato. Pansi pa nyanja sitima zapamadzi, cholinga chimene zida yobereka kumaloku ndi nkhani ya mivi ballistic. M'mawu ena, iwo amatchedwa njira. Kumenyana chida n'chosiyana ndi firepower amphamvu.
• "Maboti - alenje." Mkulu-liwiro maboti, zolinga zomwe ziri mosalekeza: kutumiza sitima mivi ndi asilikali okhazikitsa mtendere mu zone nkhondo, mphenzi adzaukira ndi kuwononga magulu ankhondo. sitima zankhondo amenewa amatchedwa multifunctional. kulunjika awo - liwiro, maneuverability ndi chozemba.

Chiyambi cha chitukuko cha navigation m'madzi mu America kumayambira cha m'ma lomaliza. Voliyumu ya nkhani silinena osiyanasiyana mfundo zofunikazi. Timaganizira za zida za nyukiliya, omwe anali atamwalira Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Mwachidule za m'madzi zida nyukiliya wa Asilikali onyamula zida za America azichititsa, kutsatira kuchuluka kwa mfundo.

Woyamba nyukiliya experimental

Mu Connecticut doko la zombo zapanyanja mu Groton mu January 1954 izo unayambitsidwa woyamba American sitima zapamadzi "Nautilus» (USS Nautilus) ndi kusamutsidwa matani pafupifupi 4 miliyoni ndi kutalika mamita 100. Kenako anapita ulendo woyamba mwa chaka. Ndi "Nautilus" 1958. woyamba unachitika pa madzi mu North Pole kuti pang'ono kutha tsoka - kuwonongedwa kwa periscope cha kulephera kachitidwe navigation. Zinali experimental ndi kokha Mipikisano cholinga oponya ngalawa ndi unsembe sonar mu uta, ndipo torpedoes ndi kumbuyoko. The sitima zapamadzi "Barracuda" (1949-1950) amasonyeza malo opambana kwambiri.

Nyukiliya US sitima zankhondo Kubwera unkayenera injiniya panyanja, kumbuyo asilikali Hyman George Rickover (1900-1986).

Zotsatirazi ntchito woyendetsa anali USS Seawolf (SSN-575), komanso anamasulidwa mu buku limodzi mu 1957. Iwo anali ndi riyakitala ndi zitsulo madzi monga coolant choyamba kuzungulira riyakitala.

Woyamba kupanga nyukiliya

A mndandanda wa sitima zankhondo zinayi inamangidwa mu 1956-1957, - "yenda momyata» (USS yenda momyata). Iwo anali gawo la US asilikali ndipo zalembedwa mu malemu 80 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo.

A mndandanda wa maboti asanu - «Skipjack» (1959). Mpaka 1964, ili ndi mndandanda waukulu. Maboti anali "albakorovskuyu" thupi mawonekedwe ndi mlingo wapamwamba wa ku mndandanda wa "Los Angeles".

Pa nthawi yomweyo (1959-1961) anayamba mndandanda wa sitima zankhondo apadera nyukiliya chiwerengero zisanu - ". Dzhordzh Vashington" Iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba ballistic bwato ntchito. Aliyense ngalawa 16 nkhokwezi miyala Polaris A-1. kuwombera molondola kuchuluka hygroscopic wosasunthika, kasanu kumachepetsa matalikidwe pa akuya mamita 50.

Pambuyo ntchito mwa sitima zankhondo za nyukiliya pa nthawi imodzi ndi mndandanda experimental wa Triton, nsomba yam'nyanja yamchere, Tullibe. okonza American ayesa ndi changwiro dongosolo la panyanja ndi mphamvu kachitidwe.

A mndandanda waukulu wa maboti wosiyanasiyana, m'malo Skipjack, tichipeza 14 sitima zankhondo za nyukiliya Treaher.Poslednyaya anali amene anapuma pantchito mu 1996.

Series Benjamin Franklin - sitima zankhondo SSBNs "Lafayette". Poyamba zida mivi ballistic. Mu 70s wa rearmed ndi mivi "Poseidon" kenako "mikondo ya mano atatu-1." Khumi ndi maboti Series Benjamin Franklin limodzi ndi zombo za sitima zankhondo njira mu 1960, lotchedwa "41 pa alonda a ufulu." zombo zonse za zombo anali chikutchedwa kanjedza mu mbiri ya Amerika.

The yaikulu mndandanda - USS Sturgeon - wosiyanasiyana sitima zankhondo za nyukiliya zikuphatikizapo 37 sitima zankhondo, olengedwa mwa nthawi 1871 ndi 1987. Chinthu chapadera - otsika phokoso msinkhu ndi masensa pa ayezi boti.

Maboti kutumikira mu Navy US

Kuyambira 1976 mpaka 1996, akuphunzitsa ndi apanyanja anapanga sitima zankhondo wosiyanasiyana lembani Los Angeles. Total opangidwa maboti 62 zino, ili ndi mndandanda waukulu wa sitima zankhondo Mipikisano cholinga. Armament torpedoes ndi ofukula launchers mivi "Tomahawk" ndi maboma homing. Naini maboti Los Angeles kalasi nawo Gulf nkhondo. Mathanki Ge PWR S6G 26 MW mwakuchita "General Zamagetsi". Ndi mutu limayamba ndi mwambo dzina mayina a maboti mizinda ya America. Lero, monga mbali ya Navy US maboti 40 m'gulu limeneli ndi utumiki nkhondo.

A mndandanda wa sitima zankhondo njira nyukiliya, anapereka kwa 1881 kuti 1997, imakhala sitima zankhondo 18 ndi mivi ballistic pa bolodi - mndandanda wa "Ohio". sitima zapamadzi ndi zida zino 24 intercontinental mivi ballistic ndi chiongoko payekha. Otetezeka, iwo okhala ndi machubu oponya anayi. "Ohio" - sitima zankhondo zam'madzi, ndilo maziko a magulu amanyansidwa wa Navy US, 60% ya nthawi iye anali pa nyanja.

The ntchito atsopano a sitima zankhondo za nyukiliya wa m'badwo wachitatu Mipikisano cholinga "Seawolf" (1998-1999). Izi ndi ntchito chinsinsi cha Navy US. Iye ankatchedwa "ndi bwino Los Angeles" kwa makamaka chete. Iye anawonekera na ciyezezo radars padera. Chifukwa - wapadera phokoso chimateteza ❖ kuyanika, kulephera kwa wononga mokomera mtundu kwakusiyana injini ndi oyamba lonse masensa phokoso. Mapangidwe liwiro 20 mfundo kupangitsa phokoso lomweli monga "Los Angeles", womwenso pa quay lapansi. maboti onse zino atatu "Seawolf", "CT" ndi "Dzhimmi Karter". inawo anapatsidwa mu 2005, ndipo ngalawa ili akulamulira Terminator mu nyengo yachiwiri ya kanema wakuti "Terminator:. The Sarah Connor Mbiri" Izi kamodzinso zimatsimikizira chikhalidwe wosangalatsa awa maboti onse maonekedwe ndi wokhutira. "Dzhimmi Karter" umatchedwanso "woyera njovu" mwa subs chifukwa cha kukula kwake (kutalika bwato anzake mamita 30). Ndipo malinga ndi makhalidwe ake , sitima zapamadzi izi tinganene kuti kale sitima zankhondo.

M'madzi maboti m'badwo atsopano

US Navy a m'tsogolo shipbuilding m'madzi anayamba ndi 2000 's ndipo amagwirizana ndi latsopano kalasi USS Virginia sitima zankhondo kalasi. Bwato loyamba la kalasi SSN-744 anapezerapo ndi kuika kugwira ntchito mu 2003.

Sitima zankhondo za US Navy mtundu uwu umatchedwa zida za mphamvu nkhokwe ya zida, ndi "abwino amatsata", chifukwa yovuta kwambiri ndi tcheru machitidwe kwenikweni nthawi anaika pa sitima zankhondo.

Ankayendetsa madzi ndi osaya lili injini atomiki ndi riyakitala nyukiliya, amene anali dongosolo chinsinsi. Amadziwika kuti riyakitala lakonzedwa kuti moyo zaka 30. Mlingo wa phokoso yafupika mwa dongosolo olekanitsidwa zipinda ndi mamangidwe a masiku ano ndi chipika mphamvu ndi "chonena" ❖ kuyanika.

makhalidwe General ntchito USS Virginia maboti kalasi, amene lero analamula khumi ndi zitatu:

• mlingo wa ku 34 mfundo (64 km / h);
• akusunsa akuya mamita mpaka 448;
• 100 mpaka mamembala 120 adalira;
• Pamwamba kusamutsidwa - matani 7,8;
• kutalika mamita 200 ndipo m'lifupi mwake pafupifupi 10 mamita;
• Nyukiliya magetsi mtundu Ge S9G.

Okwana mndandanda amapereka amasulidwe 28 sitima zapamadzi "Virginia" ndi m'malo mwapang'onopang'ono nkhokwe ya Navy pa m'badwo wachinayi wa maboti.

Bwato Mishel Obamy

Mu August chaka chatha pa doko la zombo zapanyanja asilikali Groton (CT) anapatsidwa 13 kalasi sitima zapamadzi USS Virginia ndi alumikizana chiwerengero SSN -786 ndi dzina "Illinois» (Illinois). Iye dzina polemekeza chikhalidwe mbadwa ya dona ndiye woyamba Mishel Obamy, omwe anapita afunika kuchita khama mu October 2015. Maina a mayi woyamba, malingana ndi mwambo, ndi stamped pa imodzi mwa mbali ya sitima zapamadzi lapansi.

Nyukiliya sitima zapamadzi "Illinois" mamita 115 yaitali ndi 130 adalira mamembala pa bolodi okonzeka ndi magalimoto opanda pansi pa madzi kwa kudziwika wanga, pachipata cha mitundu mitundu ndi zina zipangizo zina. Cholinga sitima zapamadzi kuchititsa nyanja komanso pansi pa nyanja ntchito.

M'malo miyambo bwato periscope dongosolo telescopic ukugwira ndi kamera TV, ndi laser kachipangizo infuraredi zakuthambo.

Firepower maboti: 2 unsembe Kukhazikika mukukonzeratu mtundu 6 ndi 12 ofukula mivi Launch zimafika "Tomahawk" and 4 oponya machubu 26 torpedoes.

The mtengo okwana boma la - $ biliyoni 2,7.

Chiyembekezo cha nkhondo m'madzi nyumba

Chiwerengero apamwamba kwambiri Navy US anaumirira m'malo mwapang'onopang'ono dizilo mafuta maboti sitima zapamadzi, ndi pafupifupi palibe yosaloledwa khalidwe la ntchito ya usilikali - ndi zosagwiritsa nyukiliya. m'badwo wachinayi sitima zapamadzi nyukiliya "Virginia" amapereka amasulidwe sitima zankhondo 28 kalasi. M'malo pang'onopang'ono ya zida za mphamvu za panyanja pa m'badwo wachinayi mabwato zingawonjezere mlingo ndi kuphana imapanga Ankhondo US.

Koma maofesi kapangidwe kupitiriza ntchito ndi kupereka ntchito zida zankhondo.

Tikufika sitima zankhondo American

asilikali mobisa ankafika pa dera la mdani - kuti ndi cholinga cha ntchito zonse amphibious. Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, monga kuthekera sayansi ku America anaonekera. Bureau of Shipbuilding (Bureau of Zombo) anapatsidwa kuti ndi sitima zapamadzi amphibious. Ntchito anaonekera, koma mphamvu ankafika analibe thandizo la ndalama, ndi zombo si chidwi lingaliro.

Kuyambira kwambiri kuganizira ntchito monga polojekiti Seaforth Gulu kampani, amene anaonekera mu 1988. Adapanga iwo ankafika sitima zapamadzi S-60 ikukhudza obadwa mu madzi pa mtunda wa makilomita 50 kuchokera kumtunda kumiza kuti akuya mamita 5. Ndi liwiro 5 mfundo m'madzi wodula ukufika gombe airborne kapena m'dziko 60 milatho retractable pa mtunda wa mamita 100 kuchokera pamtunda. Pamene polojekiti palibe wina anagula.

Zodalirika, nthawi anayesedwa

The sitima zapamadzi yakale kwambiri mu dziko, omwe lero ndi mu utumiki - ndi sitima zapamadzi "SS 791 Bala Hai Shih" ( «Nyanja Mkango"), ngati nthambi ya Taiwan apanyanja. American sitima zapamadzi mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, anamanga pa doko la zombo zapanyanja Portsmouth Naval doko la zombo zapanyanja mu 1945, anawonjezera sitima zapamadzi asilikali US Navy. Iye ali ndi ndewu imene ikuchitika August 1945 mu Pacific Ocean. Pambuyo kukweza zingapo, mu 1973 iye anali kunditumiza ku Taiwan ndi China wakhala woyamba zikugwira ntchito bwato.

Mu January 2017, atolankhani inanena kuti mu miyezi 18 yokonza anakonza pa sitima Shipbuilding Corporation Taiwan Mayiko Shipbuilding Corporation «nyanja mkango" adzakangamira kukonza ambiri ndipo m'malo zida panyanja. Ntchito izi adzapatsa moyo utumiki sitima zapamadzi mpaka 2026.

Mwamunayu US sitima zapamadzi kupanga munthu wa mtundu wina, umene akufuna chikondwerero eightieth kubadwa mwa dongosolo lomenyera nkhondo.

mfundo kwambiri movutika

Open ndi poyela ziwerengero pa ovulala ndi ngozi mu sitima zapamadzi zombo za United States sakutero. Komabe, mofanana tinganene chiyani Russia. mfundo awo anali kupangidwa anthu, limene Adzaperekedwa ku mutu uwu.

Mu 1963 masiku awiri mayeso kampeni inathera ndi imfa ya sitima zapamadzi American "Thresher". Chifukwa boma la ngozi - otaya madzi pamutu wamba bwato. Muffled kuyenda sitima zapamadzi riyakitala, anapita kwa kuya, kutenga moyo wa anthu oyendetsa 112 ndi anthu wamba 17. The wreckage ya sitima zapamadzi pa akuya mamita 2560. Iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba ngozi zamakono nyukiliya sitima zapamadzi.

Mu 1968, ku nyanja ya Atlantic mbisoweka popanda kufufuza Mipikisano cholinga sitima zapamadzi nyukiliya "chinkhanira» (USS chinkhanira). Baibulo boma la imfa - ndi detonation a zipolopolo. Koma chinsinsi akhala chinsinsi lero, imfa ya chotengera ichi. Mu 2015, US Navy Mwamunayu wakhala kamodzinso anapempha boma kuti alenge anawalamula kuti afufuze chochitikacho amvetse chiwerengero cha anthu amene ndi kudziwa udindo wawo.

Mu 1969, chidwi likumira ya sitima zapamadzi ndi USS Guitarro kubala chiwerengero 665. Izo zinachitika pa khoma quay ndi pa akuya mamita 10. Kupanda kugwirizana ndi chosasamala akatswiri mu zida calibration zinachititsa kuti osefukira. Kukwezedwa ndi maboti kubwezeretsa mtengo American wokhoma pafupifupi 20 miliyoni madola.

Bwato kalasi "Los Angeles", amene adatenga mbali mu kujambula la "The Hunt kwa Red October", May 14, 1989 pafupi ndi gombe la California, anazolowera ndi chingwe kulumikiza kumakoka ndi Bwato. Bwato anagwira madzi kumanga kwa chingwe chabwazi ndi. Achibale a membala tugboat adalira amene anafa tsiku limenelo, analandira malipiro kuchokera Navy kuchuluka kwa $ miliyoni 1.4.