The Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo 1941-1945: mwachidule. Chintchito anthu Soviet nkhondo yolimbana Fascism

Chiyambireni cha September 1939 anathetsa sakhalitsa m'nyengo yamtendere pakati pa nkhondo ziwiri zazikulu za mazana makumi awiri. Patapita zaka ziwiri, mu ulamuliro wa Nazi ku Germany zinali mbali yaikulu ya Ulaya ndi kupanga ndi gwero yaikulu angathe.

A inatembenuka anali kubweretsa pansi Soviet Union, umene Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo (1941-1945). Executive mkota pa imeneyi ya Soviet Union sakhudzidwa lonse la mavuto anapirira ndi anthu Soviet ndi ungwazi ake.

Madzulo a mayesero asilikali

Chitsitsimutso cha mphamvu German, kusakhutira ndi zotsatira za World Choyamba (1914-1918), ndi olusa omwe adadza kwa chipani mphamvu pa mutu wa demoniac Adolf Hitler, ndi mfundo zake apamwamba mitundu anapanga kuopseza nkhondo watsopano Soviet Union ndi weniweni. Pakutha pa 30, amenewa ayamba atagonjetsa mu anthu, ndi bwino kwambiri, ndi mtsogoleri wamphamvu zonse za dziko lalikulu, Stalin.

Dziko ankakonza. Anthu anali kuchoka malo kumanga la kum'mawa kwa dziko, mu Siberia ndi Urals anamanga mafakitale asilikali - amawonjezera mafakitale amene anali ku malire a kumadzulo. Makampani chitetezo padera kwambiri kwambiri ndalama, anthu ndi sayansi chuma kuposa boma. Kuonjezera zotsatira za ntchito m'mizinda ndi mu ulimi ntchito maganizo (Stakhanov kayendedwe) ndi zida okhwima utsogoleri (malamulo kuonetsa pa mwambo mafakitale ndi pa minda gulu).

Kusintha wa asilikali kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo yolembedwa usilikali chilengedwe (1939) anayambitsa maphunziro ambiri ankhondo. Izo zinali mu oyenda pa, zibonga parachuti, aero-club pa Osoaviahima anayamba kuphunzira sayansi asilikali tsogolo asilikali otchuka kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo ya 1941-1945. Anatsegula sukulu watsopano asilikali, anayamba mitundu yatsopano ya zida, nkhondowo formations anapanga mwapang'onopang'ono mtundu: oti muli nazo zida ndi airborne. Koma nthawi sikunali kokwanira, ndi kuphana wokonzeka a asilikali Soviet anali m'mbali ambiri poyerekeza wa Wehrmacht - asilikali a Nazi Germany.

mavuto aakulu wabweretsa kukayikirana wa Stalin pankhani zokhumba mphamvu ya lamulo mkulu. Iwo pachimake mu kupondereza lamkunkhuniza, kutchetcha mpaka-magawo awiri a kapitawo Corps. Pali mabuku a akatiputa anakonza luntha German nkhondo, mmalo nkhonya otchuka ambiri a nkhondo yapachiweniweni amene akhudzidwa ndi purges lapansi.

zinthu zakunja

Stalin ndi atsogoleri a mayiko amene anafuna kuchepetsa hegemony European a Hitler (England, France, USA) sakanatha kulenga nkhondo isanayambe ogwirizana odana lopondereza kutsogolo. mtsogoleri Soviet, poyesayesa kuzengereza nkhondo anayesayesa kuimbira ndi Hitler. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti imakhala mu 1939 wa Soviet-German ke (mgwirizano) omwe sanali waukali, amenenso si abwino mgwirizano a magulu odana ndi Hitler.

Mwamwayi, boma adasokera pa mtengo wa pangano mtendere ndi Hitler. June 22, 1941, Wehrmacht ndi Luftwaffe wopanda kulengeza nkhondo anaukira kukafika kumadzulo wa USSR lonse. Zinali anadabwa lathunthu asilikali Soviet ndi mantha amphamvu Stalin.

nkhani yomvetsa chisoni

zolinga "Barbarossa" ndipo anavomereza mu 1940 ndi Hitler. Mu njira imeneyi, kugonjetsedwa wa USSR, ndi adani a likulu lake pambali miyezi itatu m'chilimwe. Ndipo poyamba dongosolo zinachitikadi mwatsatanetsatane. ophunzira onse a nkhondo akukumbukira pafupifupi chiyembekezo maganizo m'ma chilimwe 1941. miliyoni 5.5 German asilikali ndi miliyoni 2.9 Nchito Russian, okwana ukulu mu zankhondo - mu mwezi watha ndipo anagwira Belarus, Baltic States, Moldova, pafupifupi onse Ukraine. Soviet zomvetsa - miliyoni anaphedwa 1, 700 zikwi akaidi ..

Lodziwika anali chapamwamba German luso lamulo ndi ulamuliro - anadwala zinachitikira asilikali omenyana, anali kale theka la Europe. Papayu mwaluso atazunguliridwa ndi kuwononga gulu lonse pa Smolensk, Kiev, ku dera Moscow, ndi anatseka misewu ya Leningrad akuyamba. Stalin sanakhutire ndi zochita za gulu lawo ndipo anayambitsa chitsutsocho mwachizolowezi - anawomberedwa pa mlandu woukira boma General Pavlov, mkulu wa Western Front.

nkhondo anthu

Komabe, mapulani Hitler anali n'chochepa. USSR anaima zolimba pa nkhondo maziko. Analengedwa ndi Supreme Lamulo kulamulira makamu ndi kugwirizanitsa dziko lonse bungwe lolamulira - Boma Committee silikhali, kutsogozedwa ndi mtsogoleri wamphamvu zonse Stalin.

Hitler ankakhulupirira kuti njira Stalin ya utsogoleri wa dziko, oletsedwa kupondereza luntha, nkhondo, osawuka olemera ndi anthu lonse adzachititsa kugwa kwa boma, zikamera ndi "mzati wachisanu" - pamene iye anali amakonda mu Europe. Koma miscalculated.

Anamuda ankhondowo anthu kunkhondo, mkazi pa benchi, ana okalamba ndi ana. Nkhondo zoopsa zimenezi zimakhudza tsogolo la munthu aliyense, ndi kupambana chilengedwe voteji chofunika mphamvu. Nsembe kwa chigonjetso wamba umabweretsa osati chifukwa cha zolinga maganizo, koma chifukwa cha wakutemwa titadziwa, imene inali ndi mizu mu mbiri chisanadze chosintha.

Nkhondo ya Moscow

Woyamba kukana kwambiri kuwukira anafika pansi Smolensk. Kuyesetsa amunamuna a nagonjetsa pa Paris anali Kutsekeledwa kumeneko mpaka chiyambi cha September.

Ndi October akasinja ndi mitanda zida kupita ku Moscow, ncholinga yolanda likulu Soviet pamaso nyengo yozizira. Iwo akubwera nthawi yovuta kwambiri mu zaka za Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Mu Moscow, analengeza mkhalidwe kuzinga (10/19/1941).

mbiri nthawizonse kukhala perete asilikali pa chikumbutso wa October kuukira boma (11.07.1941) ngati chizindikiro cha chikhulupiriro kuti Moscow adzakhala kufotokoza. Magulu ankhondo ndi asilikali Pochoka Red Square molunjika patsogolo, ndilo makilomita 20 kumadzulo.

Chitsanzo cha kulimbikira kwa asilikali Union anayamba amapezerapo 28 Red Army asilikali ku gulu la General Panfilov. 4:00 Iwo anagwira gulu yojambula ya akasinja 50 pamphambano Dubosekovo ndi kuphedwa, anawononga 18 magalimoto a asilikali. Izi ngwazi za nkhondo kukonda dziko lako (1941-1945) - mbali yaing'ono chabe ya Wosafa Regiment wa asilikali Russian. nsembe zotero amabadwa mdani wa chikaiko chigonjetso, kulimbitsa mtima wa zokometsera lapansi.

Kukumbukira zochitika za nkhondo, mkulu wa Front Western pafupi Moscow, polimbana Zhukov, amene Stalin anayamba kuunikila udindo umene wakhala amalembedwa chodzikanira zikuluzikulu phindu likulu kuti apambane mu May 1945. Kuchedwa mu gulu lankhondo la adani kunapangitsa kuti apulumutse mphamvu kauntala-kuukira: pokhala anathamangira ku Moscow gawo watsopano wa midzi ya asilikali Siberia. Hitler ankafuna kuti nkhondo zinthu yozizira, a ku Germany anayamba kuvutika ndi mwa kundipatsako kwa asilikali. Pofika kumayambiriro December, pakhala panasinthira mu nkhondo ya likulu Russian.

kusintha kwakukulu

Zosayembekezereka Hitler amanyansidwa wa Red Army (12.05.1941 g) anaponya Germany pa mailosi zana limodzi ndi makumi asanu kumadzulo. asilikali Nazi anagonja koyamba mu mbiri yake, wopambana dongosolo nkhondo sanakwaniritsidwe.

Nagonjetsa chinakhalapo mpaka April 1942, koma kuti inasinthiratu mu nthawi ya nkhondo imeneyi inali kutali: anatsatira pogonjetsa yaikulu pa Leningrad, Kharkov, Crimea, dziko la Germany anafika Volga pa Stalingrad.

Pamene mbiri yakale ya dziko lililonse anatchula Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo (1941-1945), chidule cha zochitika izo sizinali Nkhondo ya Stalingrad. Kuti linga la mzinda anatenga dzina la Chipilala mdani Hitler, iye anagunda, kunadzetsa kenako kugwa lapansi.

chitetezo cha mzindawo zambiri anali kuchitikira nkhondo pafupi, kuti chidutswa chirichonse cha m'dera. Nkhondo anamenyela yang'anirani nambala kochuruka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito ndi luso nawo mbali zonse, ndi kuwotchedwa mu moto nkhondo ya Stalingrad. The Germany anataya kotala a asilikali - hafu miliyoni bayonets, 2 miliyoni - imfa yathu.

Zidzachuluka kulimbikira asilikali Soviet mu chitetezo ndi osamvera mkwiyo kumuukira, pamodzi ndi kuchuluka luso lamulo mwatsatanetsatane anapereka chilengedwe ndi adani a magulu 22 a 6 Army Field polimbana Paulo. Zotsatira za yozizira lachiwiri la nkhondo anadabwa Germany ndi dziko lonse. Mbiri ya nkhondo ya 1941-1945 anasintha sukuluyi, zinadziwika kuti Soviet Union osati anapulumuka kuponya koyamba, koma amatipeza kuthana wamphamvu mdani kubwezera.

Chomaliza kunasintha nkhondo

Zitsanzo za talente utsogoleri wa lamulo Soviet lili Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo (1941-1945). A chidule cha zochitika 1943 - mndandanda wa yapambana chidwi Russian.

Spring 1943 anayamba ndi amanyansidwa Soviet pa amadzibisa onse. Kasinthidwe wa mzere kutsogolo anaopseza wa lazungulira Soviet Army m'dera Kursk. German amanyansidwa ntchito otchedwa "Citadel" zinafika cholinga njira, koma Red Army Lamulo wapereka chitetezo kuzikonzanso mu malo anafuna yojambula, imodzi kukonzekera nkhokwe kwa potsimikizira-zolawula.

Nagonjetsa German mu July oyambirira analephera kuswa kudzera chitetezo cha Soviet zinanso kuti akuya 35 Km. Mbiri ya nkhondo (zaka 1941-1945) akudziwa tsiku chiyambi cha waukulu chimadza nkhondo kumenyana kwa makina kudziletsa injini. Lina July tsiku, 12, 1,200 akasinja oyeretsa anayamba kumenyana m'chipululu kufupi ndi mudzi wa Prokhorovka. The Germany - atsopano "Amabereka" ndi "Panther", mu Russian - ndi T-34 ndi atsopano amphamvu kwambiri mfuti. Kugonjetsedwa kwa dziko la Germany kugonja pa manja a Hitler chida amanyansidwa Corps ainjini ndi asilikali Nazi wasuntha podziteteza njira.

Pakutha August 1943 anali atathamangitsidwa Belgorod, Orel, ndi Kharkov linatulutsidwa. Kwa zaka zingapo za Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, kanthu anagwira Red Army. Tsopano a asilikali German anayenera ndikulingalira momwe kuyamba kumenyana.

Mu chaka chatha, olemba mbiri usilikali anatsindika 10 ntchito yovuta imene inachititsa kuti kumasulidwa kwa gawo anagwidwa ndi mdani. Mpaka 1953, iwo anali kutchedwa "10 Stalin nkhonya."

The Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo (1941-1945): chidule cha ntchito ya usilikali mu 1944

1. Kuchotsa Leningrad anatseka misewu (January 1944).
2. January-April 1944: Nkhondo ya Korsun-Cherkassy Pocket kumenyana bwino kumanja Bank Ukraine, pa March 26 - kupeza ndi malire a Romania..
3. Crimea kumasulidwa (May 1944).
4. Kugonjetsedwa kwa Finland mu Karelia, achire ake ku nkhondo (June-August 1944).
5. amadzibisa anayi tiponye Belarus ( "Bagration" ntchito).
6. July-August - nkhondo mu kumadzulo Ukraine, Lvov-Sandomierz zolawula.
7. Yassko-Kishinev ntchito kuwabalalitsa m'magulu 22, linanena bungwe kuchokera Romania ndi Bulgaria nkhondo (August 1944).
8. Thandizeni Yugoslavia partisans IB Tito (September 1944).
9. Kumasulidwa kwa Baltic States (July-October chaka chomwecho).
10. October - kumasulidwa kwa Union ndi Circumpolar North-kum'mawa Norway.

Kutha kwa mdani utakhala

Pofika kumayambiriro November, malo USSR m'malire chisanadze nkhondo linatulutsidwa. Iwo inatha nthawi imene anthu a Belarus ndi Ukraine. vuto lero ndale zimapangitsa ena mwa "atsogoleri" azipereka ntchito German pafupifupi wabwino. M'pofunikanso kufunsa za Belarusians amene anataya pa zochita za "azungu kutukuka" iliyonse chachinayi.

M'pake masiku oyamba a kuwukira kwina mu madera wotanganidwa akhala partisans. Nkhondo ya 1941-1945 lingaliro limeneli anali Echo cha nkhondo ya 1812 , pamene ena achilendo European sankadziwa mtendere m'dera lathu.

kumasulidwa kwa Europe

European kumasulidwa kampeni anapempha kuti USSR sangaganize anthu mtengo ndi asilikali chuma. Hitler sanavomere amakhulupirira kuti msilikali Soviet adzabwera kwa nthaka German, kutaya kunkhondo mphamvu zonse zotheka, kuika mfuti pansi akulu ndi ana.

Njira mbali yomaliza ya nkhondo Tingaone mu mutu wa mphoto anakhazikitsa boma la Soviet. Soviet mpulumutsi asilikali analandira mendulo ngati nkhondo ya 1941-1945: chifukwa kumasulidwa kwa Belgrade (20.10.1944), Warsaw (01.07.1945), Prague (May 9), kwa adani a Budapest (February 13), Königsberg (April 10), Vienna (13 April). Ndipo potsiriza amaitcha kuti asilikali ku itachita wa Berlin (May 2).

... Ndipo ine ndinabwera May. Chigonjetso amalembedwa kusaina agonje chopanda malire a asilikali German pa May 8 ndi June 24, anakonza perete ndi nawo oimira amadzibisa onse, manja ndi ntchito.

Great Chigonjetso

juga Hitler ataya anthu kwambiri. Chiŵerengero zomvetsa anthu adakali kukangana. Kumanganso midzi imene inawonongedwa, kukhazikitsidwa kwa kasamalidwe chofunika zaka zambiri ndi ntchito zolimba, njala ndiponso akusowa.

Osiyana tsopano ayesedwa ndi zotsatira za nkhondo. kusintha Geopolitical amene anachitika kuyambira mu 1945, anali zotsatira zosiyana. Kupititsa kugula la Soviet Union, kuonekera kwa msasa zokomera ndi kulimbikitsa thupi ndale Soviet Union udindo mayiko amphamvu posachedwapa anatsogolera kusagwirizana ndi kukweza kusagwirizana pakati pa anagwirizana m'mayiko Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World.

Koma zotsatira zazikulu sali pansi younikanso iliyonse, musati zimadalira maganizo a andale kufunafuna ubwino yomweyo. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, dziko wathu kumbuyo ufulu ndi ufulu wodzilamulira, anagonjetsedwa ndi mdani yoopsa - chotengera cha mfundo wokhala amene agonjetsa kuwononga mitundu yonse, anapulumutsa iye anthu a ku Ulaya.

Kodi mbiri, ophunzira ndewu, ana a nkhondo - kale okalamba, koma kukumbukira nkhondo zimene moyo wautali mmene anthu amatha kuzindikira ufulu, wachilungamo ndi kulimba mtima.