The Mendulo "Pakuti Kuteteza Kiev" - pa mphoto patapita zaka 20

Stalin sayansi mbiri anapirira mosamala kuwunika siteji koyamba nkhondo ya 1941-45. Pokhapokha "tate wa mitundu ya anthu" ya imfa anayamba kutchula zomvetsa katundu anatenga pamene Red Army. The Mendulo "Pakuti Kuteteza Kiev", anakhazikitsa pa kuyamba kwa mtsogoleri watsopano wa dziko - N. S. Hruscheva, unakhala chizindikiro cha kukumbukira zomvetsa lowopsya la chilimwe loyamba la nkhondo.

Inayamba yoopsya ya nkhondo

Rapid adani a Ukraine Hitler ankaona zofunika kwambiri njira cholinga. Zimenezi zinathandiza kuti kumana Soviet Union lalikulu zopangira ndi chakudya chuma, ndi mwaulere mphamvu kuthandiza asilikali pa waukulu - Moscow - malangizo.

Chiyukireniya likulu zikuphedwa ndege kuchokera maola loyamba la nkhondo, ndi nthawi yaitali, gulu wamphamvu wa makamu German "South" anafika Dnieper. Kutsutsana kuti mayunitsi Soviet asilikali, pamodzi mu South-Western Front, analamula General wa yamtunduwu amene kukangana lero - MP Kirponos, ndi kasamalidwe akukhudzidwira a magulu a kum'mwera anatenga kulamulira Budyonny.

Malamulo Mendulo ndi

Anapima kuti patha zaka 20 inayamba nkhondo ya Mendulo "Pakuti Kuteteza Kiev" unakhazikitsidwa June 21, 1961. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale zapadera zochitika zandale. Nikita Khrushchev anakhala mtsogoleri watsopano wa chipani ndi dziko, kwa nthawi yaitali anali mutu wa Komiti chapakati cha CPSU (b) ya Ukraine, ndipo ngakhale panthawi ya nkhondo anaukitsa mphotho kwa ophunzira kumenyera Kiev. Stalin analankhula mwamphamvu, kukangana kuti pamene m'pofunika kukhazikitsa mphoto payokha aliyense Republic Union. Koma chinthu chachikulu - Stalin analibe zochita za asilikali a Soviet ndi lamulo wake wa masamba zozizwitsa za mbiri.

Malinga ndi malamulo, onse kupereka n'kulandira mendulo "Pakuti Kuteteza Kiev" kuchokera July kuti September 1941 iye anali mu Kiev ndi madera ozungulira mbali ya asilikali zonse ndi asilikali a mayiko, nawo ntchito yomanga mpanda wolimba kwambiri, ntchito kumalo antchito omwe siaboma asilikali mu mzinda, anali Akhristu a odana Nazi mobisa kapena zigawenga kuyenda.

Ndi udindo pamaso pa mphoto ena amanena Mendulo "Pakuti Kuteteza Kiev" ili pambuyo "Stalingrad", "junior" pakuti anati, "Pakuti Kuteteza Caucasus".

Kuti Moscow, tiyenera Kiev

OKW, kumvera malangizo a Hitler, anaganiza kuti olemba mbiri yakale kwambiri asilikali kuvomereza cholakwa mwa mawu a njira kupeza likulu Soviet. Pofuna mwamsanga kusiya Chiyukireniya wolemera zigawo ndi mafuta Caucasus, kum'mwera gulu analimbikitsidwa 2 magulu ankhondo amphamvu thanki kuti poyamba opareshoni molumikizana ndi gulu wa makamu "Center" m'dera Moscow. Hitler anachita zimenezi pambuyo Pofuna analephera kugwila likulu Chiyukireniya yomweyo, kuteteza kauntala-zochita za Red Army pa mizere ya m'dera Kiev mipanda yolimba kwambiri.

Limbikitsani Soviet Southwestern Front likuvutika mbali ku Germany kutchinga njira Moscow, mlingo sanatero, chifukwa Stalin ankakhulupirira kuti Germany anakhalabe waukulu mzinda m'dera. Mphamvu ndi mphamvu ya mayunitsi latsopano thanki, workarounds awo ndipo adzaphatikizana zinachititsa kuti lazungulira ndi chiwonongeko pafupi Kiev gulu lalikulu la Red Army kutsogoleredwa ndi utsogoleri Front. Ngakhale chithunzi boma zomvetsa ndi wokhala - anthu 700 sauzande.

Kufotokozera za ndalama

Lomwe ali Mendulo "Pakuti Kuteteza Kiev" ndi muyezo Mphotho: mkuwa litayamba ndi awiri a 32 mm. Juga ndipo pentagonal chipika, yokutidwa ndi azitona riboni wa moire, ndi mikwingwirima awiri: chofiira (4 mm) ndi buluu (2 mm).

The mbali n'zosiyana ndi chimodzimodzi ambiri mendulo WWII - lolembedwa: "Pakuti Mama athu Soviet" Koma pakati faleristov okhometsa amayenda osungira nyama: a Mendulo "Pakuti Kuteteza Kiev" anapanga ndi thandizo la molakwika ntchito timbewu nkhungu ya usilikali ena mphoto. Pa adani ake n'zosiyana Vienna anaika tsiku - "13 April 1945". mendulo awa sali kupereka.

The obverse amapangidwa pa sewero wojambula V. N. Atlantova ndi thandizo chithunzi cha zigaŵenga zankhondo zida mfuti ndi ogwira ntchito, oyendetsa ndi asilikali pa maziko a nyumba ya Bungwe la Supreme ndi mzikiti chosiyana ndi mbendera pa izo. Pamwamba - anaukitsa makalata: "Pakuti Kuteteza Kiev", pakati pansi - nyenyezi zisanu zisonga pa maziko a mbendera, ndi mbali za izo - ndi mlombwa nthambi. Avers ali m'mphepete mwa mkombero otukukira kunja.

Zotsatira za Kiev chitetezo

Amalimbana M'chaka cha 1941 ndi zopweteka, umene unayamba ndi lamulo Soviet wa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Kiev chitetezo unatenga masiku 70 ndipo inatha pa September 26, pamene nkhondoyo inatha pafupi ndi likulu Chiyukireniya, kale anatsala nthawi asilikali Soviet.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa South-Western Front, Red Army anali tanthauzo katundu njira kwa USSR: Ajeremani anatsegula njira ya kum'mwera kwa Ukraine ndipo posakhalitsa analanda Donbass ndi Crimea, kumene anali oletsedwa Sevastopol - m'munsi mwenimweni mwa Black Sea zombo. The mabacteria lalikulu zachuma - magwero a chakudya ndi khala - anasowa, nkhawa mafuta kubala yaikulu m'chigawo cha USSR.

Koma chintchito kuteteza Kiev ali tanthauzo la m'mbiri kukwaniritsa chigonjetso wamba pa Fascism: ndi zosangalatsa za lalikulu magulu oti muli nazo zida za Wehrmacht a ku Central Army Gulu akamasuke kuthamanga pa likulu Soviet ndi kupatsidwa nthawi yoti bwino kukonzekera chitetezo wa Moscow.

170.000 amaitcha

Soviet sayansi mbiri anali lililonse wodzipangitsa mawunikidwe potengera maganizo a kayendetsedwe ndi ideologues kiyi phwando. Izi makamaka bwanji kupambana zovuta kwambiri ndi osokoneza ndiponso unagonjetsedwa Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, monga chitetezo wa Kiev. Chachiwiri World nkhondo, zochitika zikuluzikulu agona kuti dzina la bungwe la mphoto kwa ophunzira ake - mendulo za chitetezo ndi adani a mizinda ndi zigawo. Asilikali Mendulo "Pakuti Kuteteza Kiev" yekha unakhazikitsidwa mu nthawi unawonongedwa. Koma kuchokera izi zilibe kukhala osachepera wolemekezeka ndi wokondedwa kwa anthu 170.540 omwe anapatsidwa kuti m'nthawi yawo ndi ana.