"Zubatovism" - ali ... Kodi "Zubatovism" m'mbiri ya anthu?

lofunika kwambiri ntchito yomwe "Zubatovism" Mu mbiri ya gulu Social-Democratic mu Russia. Ndi chiyani icho? Kodi izo zinachokera kuti? Kaya kalekale kukhalamo? Izi ndi mfundo zikuluzikulu zitatu zimene zinapangitsa kuti chitukuko zina za chosintha amaganiza boma ndiye monarchical.

Lingaliro la "Zubatovism" mwachidule limanenedwa ngati zochita za boma Tsarist poyerekezera ndi funso ntchito zimene zinachitika mu Russia m'zaka za m'ma XX. Iwo anali umalimbana kupatulako misa yaikulu anthu kuchokera kulimbana ndale ndi mphamvu monarchical ndi kusintha gulu limeneli kwa imposition wa zofuna za chuma chokha boma. Achokera "Zubatovism", ndichiyani nanga zimayambitsa? Pa mungaphunzire pa nkhani yathu.

tanthauzo

Choyamba, muyenera kumvetsetsa mfundo za. Kotero, "Zubatovism" - mtundu wa kulimbana ndi boma tsarist mu zaka 1901-1903. Mlengi wake anayamba, oddly mokwanira, mkulu wa apolisi mumzinda wa Moscow sv Zubatov mothandizidwa ndi apolisi.

Komanso, "Zubatovism" - kuyesa zotenga ndi boma la tsarist Russia zitisokoneze anthu kuchokera kulimbana chosintha ndi ndondomeko ya autocratic. Anthu ayesa zotani mabungwe monarchist ogwira ntchito yokumba.

Komanso, "Zubatovism" - ndi mtundu wapadera wa nkhondo zimene Russian Ufumu kufuna kupwanya kukula chikoka democrat chikhalidwe pa kalasi ntchito.

kudziwika

Mu zaka za m'ma makumi awiri, mutu wa dipatimenti chitetezo kwa mzinda wa Moscow anali Zubatov SERGEY Vasilevich. Zinali uyamiko kwa Iye anali lamaliseche ndi kuwononga ambiri panthaŵi mabungwe kunachitika. Mu 1896, antchito wa apolisi adapeza wina wa makampani woyamba wa zipani Social-demokalase amatchedwa "Moscow Antchito 'Union, amene analengedwa ndi kaphatikizidwe mabwalo angapo ndale.

Chifukwa cha mafunso a okonza anamangidwa Zubatov ayambirira wina zachilendo. chakuti akaidi onse akhoza kugawidwa mmagawo awiri. Wina wopangidwa ndi luntha, boma, ndi wina - antchito wamba. Onse a iwo aona zimene zikuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Choncho, aluntha ankadziwa kuti iwo anabweretsedwa chilungamo. Koma antchito sakanakhoza kuchilingalira chimodzimodzi chimene iwo mlandu. Sadapenya cholinga ndale zochita zawo.

Yambani wa m'gululi Social Democratic

Kumvetsetsa zonse Zubatov anathandiza mabuku apadera. Tikhoza kunena kuti pa mphindi ino choyamba anapeza kuli kachitidwe chikhalidwe-demokalase. Iye anapeza kuti, kuyambira 1890s, ndi mabungwe ambiri anayamba kutengera makhalidwe achiwembuwo German.

German Democrats Social kuti anakwanitsa kuphatikiza m'zigawo wina ndale za utasintha zosowa zachuma antchito. chiphunzitso chawo kugona chakuti kukwaniritsa zofuna zawo, iwo adzatha kokha kupyolera mu Zasintha. Iwo anali propaganda skilful mu malo antchito. Cholinga cha Democrats Social anali kukopa kuti tithe ake pakati pa proletariat m'tauni momwe anthu ambiri amene anadzakhala lidzasanduka ndi gulu lankhondo lamphamvu chosintha.

Ganizo Zubatov

Popeza ankaphunzira mabuku wapadera ndi kuzindikira mavuto, imene yokha angabweretse mfundo za demokalase chikhalidwe, mutu wa apolisi anamvetsa chinthu chachikulu: zinthu zina kuonetsa sadzakhala kuchita chilichonse. Zubatov anali wotsimikiza kuti kufooketsa gululi kudzakhala kotheka Koma ngati, ngati inu kuchotsa chigawo zikuluzikulu - kalasi ntchito. Ndipo kukwaniritsa zimenezi kunali koyenera kuti boma panopa kwambiri anagwirizana ndi anthu ndipo anathandiza nkhondo kwa zinthu zachuma.

Choncho, April chaka cha 1898 ndi Zubatovs chinali chitalembedwa kenako anapereka Chief wa Police D. F. Trepovu kudziŵika. Zinali mudziwe zambiri ndithu za pulogalamu ya miyeso kusintha zinthu ntchito.

Kenako cholembedwa mu lipoti pa desiki Bwanamkubwa-General wa Moscow, umene uli Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich. Zubatov lingaliro wasangalala, ndipo anapereka chilolezo ankachita zinthu pakufalitsa antchito.

ganizo

Ngakhale imachitika mafunso a akaidi, Zubatov kumufotokozera kuti boma pakokha adani awo, ngakhale mafumu ndi zotheka kukwaniritsa wosangalala zofuna zawo zonse zachuma. Koma muyenera kudziwa kusiyana pakati pa chosintha ndi ntchito kalasi kuyenda. Mbali yoyamba pali zinthu maganizo, cholinga chachiwiri ndi ndalama.

Zubatov zimenezi anali bwino. Atakhutira ndi mawu ake, anthu anayamba ndawala pakati pake, ndipo patapita kanthawi analandira ntchito koyamba kwa chilengedwe cha dziko la antchito.

chikhazikitso

Choncho, Russian Ufumu anayamba kulimbana ndi mabungwe Social-Democratic m'gawo lake limene anadzatchedwa "Zubatovism". Mwachidule akhoza limafotokozedwa mwachidule mu ndime zochepa.

● M'malo kunachitika pa chiphunzitso cha chisinthiko. Ngati choyamba chikukhudza chiwonongeko zida za boma, wachiwiri salola chiwawa iliyonse ya mtundu uliwonse kapena mitundu.

● Kukhala ubwino wonse wa autocracy za asapita chikhalidwe. Muyezo waukulu anali atapereka kuti ufumu wokha amakonda chilungamo, izo mlendo kuchita zonse zachiwawa.

● otsimikiza kotheratu amati kwathunthu itha komwe ufulu kulowa mphamvu mphamvu, mwachitsanzo. E. The kusintha kwa mzerewu ndi zosavomerezeka mwankhanza. kusintha onsene a dziko liyenera kuchokera boma, ndipo kupyolera mwa izo.

● An mumve za kusiyana alipo pakati pa chosintha ndi chipani ogwira ncthito. The amachita poyamba ndi kusintha chiwawa magulu onse, ndipo chachiwiri - okha mumamufunira zabwino.

chitukuko magalimoto

M'chaka cha 1901 ndi chilolezo cha gulu Chief wa Police Trepov wa Anthu Moscow analenga "Society of mwagwirizana ntchito yopanga makina." Zubatov anawapatsa kabuku wapadera. Iwo ankalankhula za akatswiri antchito kuyenda.

Komanso, chaka chomwecho Moscow anayamba kugwira pophunzitsa anthu, amene anali wotchuka kwambiri. misonkhano wonse adamangidwa kuyang'aniridwa ndi Zubatov wothandizira amene anali kudziŵa zochitika zonse zikuchitika mu mzinda.

Panthawi imeneyi, ndi wapadera Council wa anyabasa analengedwa, amene alandira madandaulo kuchokela ku anthu komanso kuteteza zofuna zawo ngati njira iliyonse kuntchito ndi opanga. Choncho, Trepov ndi Zubatovs anathandiza Council. Komanso, iwo pakhale kukakamiza opanga. Chifukwa cha ntchito yawo, bungwe pa kunyanyala silika manufactory, chimene chinafika kwa mwezi wonse wathunthu.

Chotero bwino wothawa kampani, yomwe kuteteza zofuna za anthu ogwira ntchito, anayamba kukhala ndi makhalidwe moona lodziwika bwino. Kenako Zubatov kayendedwe wakonza zosatheka kuli propaganda chikhalidwe-demokalase mu Moscow.

Kupha

Poyamba, kampani zinthu zakhala bwino kwambiri, anthu ambiri ogwira ntchito misonkhano imeneyi. Koma ndi 1902 a Democrats Social anazindikira mupewe ngozi ya Zubatov kuyenda. Iwo anafalitsa mphekesera kuti kampani - izo zangokhala msampha apolisi, analengedwa ndi cholinga - kudziwa anthu amene sakusangalala ndi Mafumu. antchito, amene anathandizana ndi Zubatovs, analandira udindo wa adani, "Zubatovism" - tanthawuzo la "akatiputa".

Democrats Social propaganda analidi kwambiri, ndi gulu ZATSOPANO lilibe. Tsopano pulofesa anakana uphungu pa misonkhano, chifukwa iwo anachenjezedwa kuti ngati Aminoni kuti pilloried.

M'chaka cha 1903 anayamba kumenya misa kum'mwera kwa dziko, limodzi ndi ziwonetsera. Mphamvu ya Democrats Social anali mofulumira mphamvu. M'chaka cha chaka chomwecho, ndi funde la zionetsero wafika ndi Odessa. The zipolowe anatenga gawo ndi "Zubatovites".

Against maziko a likuwonjezekabe kunyanyala ndi wosakhutira fakitale akuluakulu kulowelera mu maunansi awo ndi antchito, boma anasiya ndondomeko yake. Chifukwa, m'chilimwe cha 1903, gulu lonse Zubatov unatha. Chokha E gulu limeneli anali anaimitsa ntchito ndipo posakhalitsa ku ukapolo.

Nanga "Zubatovism" m'mbiri ya anthu? Ndi malamulo otchedwa sosholisimu apolisi. Cholinga chake chachikulu chinali kuchepetsa ogwira ntchito gulu landale kupanga mabungwe malamulo kumenyana okha kukwaniritsa zokonda chuma. Ndipo pambali, "Zubatovism" - izo zangokhala mwachiphamaso kuteteza anthu ziyang'aniridwe wa akuluakulu ndi apolisi.