The United States ndi dziko mavuto azachuma cha 1929

Pambuyo pa nkhondo First World 1914-1918. Soedinenney States potsiriza zatenga ndi udindo waukulu ku chuma cha padziko lonse. Pa nthawi imeneyo, monga kuwonongedwa kwa Europe nyambititsa mabala awo ndi kumanganso chuma, America, lomwe makhalidwe ntchito asilikali pa m'gawo lake, izo zakhala wokongoza lonse ndi zopindula ndalama. Zonsezi zikufotokozeredwa ndi kukula mofulumira mafakitale, likulu thambo ndi kuwonjezeka katundu wolowa ndi kutuluka m'dziko. Izi mkhalidwe mabwalo aboma ndiponso malonda, ndi kwa anthu wamba United States analenga nkhambakamwa za pakutuluka katundu amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito kalekale.

Woyamba kuitana zizindikiro lonse zachuma mavuto cha 1929 anapereka kumapeto kwa October 1929, panali kugwa Maphunzirowa overpriced magawo. Ankadwala ena twente-faifi miliyoni a ku America, pa zophukiranso anatenga makampani kubanki. Zimene zinachitikazi mfundo kuyambira kwa Great Depression chinawononga dziko lonse.

The padziko lonse zachuma mavuto cha 1929 analidi vuto la overproduction, amene, monga ife tikudziwira, ali ndi ena cyclical. Chifukwa chakuti mankhwala a unyinji wa uphungu ali kuposa anthu, panali mavuto mu makampani ambiri, womwe ndinakoka mavuto a mabanki yaikuluikulu. Kuphwanya masoka njira ya malamulo chuma kwachititsa pa kugwa kwa mayiko lonse, koma koposa zonse mavuto dziko cha 1929 anagunda mu America. Aponya dziko zaka makumi awiri zapitazo, pamene akadali sanali kulota pachuma.

Dziwani kuti padziko lonse zachuma mavuto a 1929-1933, kukhudzanso osati pa chuma, komanso malingaliro a mtundu wonse American. Anthu azikhala, amene analimbikitsa kwa zaka zambiri, tsopano anakakamizidwa kuvomereza kulephera kwake. Iwo anafunsa kuti alowererepo mwamsanga ya boma ku nyumba payekha malonda, lomwe United States mpaka pano sanayambe.

Mu pedantry ake ndi Kuuma Pulezidenti Hoover bwino kwabasi kuti dziko adzakhala basi kuchoka ku mavutowo - anali cholimba mwa chuma US. Komabe, kunali mavuto anasonyeza kuti pa yekha n'lalikulu. Dziko anayamba kunyanyala ndi zitsanzo kosamalira ngongole wakhala analenga internally, mothandizidwa mabanki, makampani ndi zoyendera, ofesi yapadera analengedwera kwa alimi. makampani onse ndi inertia anapitiriza kuchirikiza kupanga koma kwenikweni vuto anali kufunika otsika a anthu katundu chopangidwa. Mwatsoka, ntchito ya nyumba awa si bwino choncho, mwamsanga kubweretsa dziko mwa mavuto.

The padziko lonse zachuma mavuto cha 1929 unakula. Cadence Herbert Hoover zinatha. Ndi nthawi yoti zinthu zisinthe ndi kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu. Mu chisankho cha 1933 mu United States akugonjetsa Democrat Franklin Roosevelt, omwe ankakhulupirira otchedwa "New Kuchita", makamaka kukokera dziko mwa mavutowo. Iwo anali pulezidenti yekha amene anasankhidwa kuposa kawiri mu mzere, iye anatsogolera dziko mu nthawi yamavuto kwa dziko - pa Depression ndi nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.

Roosevelt anatenga America mu ziyambe kukonzedwa. Chiwerengero wataya kudalira ndalama US, kukula mantha pa mavuto azachuma, chifukwa cha dollar paulendo gulu lonselo ankaliphera pamodzi mwazisiya ndi kugula golide. chiwerengero cha ulova mbiri mkulu - pafupifupi mamiliyoni khumi alibe thandizo lililonse chikhalidwe.

Chofunikira chachikulu Maphunzirowa Roosevelt - boma alowererepo pa chuma. Tsopano, pa malonda malo kunja malonda osati kokha, komanso boma lokha, lomwe wakhala yang'anira chachikulu cha ubale pakati pa amalonda, magombe, mabungwe malonda. Miyezo imene anaitenga, anali kumlingo si otchuka pakati pa anthu ndi amalonda, koma ndi chinthu chimodzimodzi wa mbali zina za mfundo zimenezi zinachititsa kuti anasinthira. Chifukwa cha "Moyo watsopano" wa mavuto azachuma padziko lonse cha 1929 anayamba abwerere, koma mfundo boma lamulo mpaka imfa yake Roosevelt mu 1945. Iwo anapereka kutsogolera wamphamvu dziko kwa nthawi yaitali kuwatsitsimula zachuma, kotero tsopano America nayo malo oyamba mu dziko msika.