Thomism ndi kuti? Tanthauzo ndi tanthauzo

Philosophy - sayansi kuti amalenga yaikulu ya nkhani. Komabe, kuno inu nthawi zonse kupeza malo a maganizo. A zambiri akatswiri kwa zaka mzere anapereka ziphunzitso zawo ndi malingaliro. Pa nthawi ya ndalama zawo yaikulu. Ndipo ambiri a iwo asamukira pa chipembedzo. Pamodzi ndi zoti kulibe Mulungu, deism, Thomism Thomism ndi zolengedwa zina.

Ndi chiyani icho?

Thomism - ganizo sayansi Chikatolika, anakonza wotchuka nzeru zapamwamba Thomas Aquinas. Monga chiphunzitso ichi amatchedwa fomizmom. Nthawi zambiri mfundo imeneyi imatchedwa theistic kutanthauzira Aristotelian. malingaliro zonse zoyambirira za Aquinas wasonyeza mu ntchito yake "Summa Theologica". Akuti maganizo awa sali malamulo a chikhulupiriro, koma chida othandiza kumvetsa mfundo ndi thandizo la kuganiza.

nkhani

Pambuyo kuoneka maganizo amenewa nthawi yomweyo anayamba kufalitsa mu malo ena. Aquinas Thomism anali wotchuka mu Order Republic. Mu 15 m'ma nzeru akufotokozera, pali chinthu monga scholasticism. Iwo amayamba mu Thomism. Ndiye ganizo limayamba kugawanitsa mu mayendedwe angapo. Pali chipembedzo cha ndipo Kubadwa Kwatsopano Thomism. Woyamba amakana chitukuko cha chinthu pali chosowa wamakono. The chachiwiri kaphatikizidwe wa Thomism ndi malingaliro atsopano a anthu.

Mwa njira, Kubadwa Kwatsopano Thomism anadziwika monga Spanish, Chifukwa choyamba anatengera Republic Francisco de Vitoria, ndipo pambuyo - ndi Akatolika Fransisko Suaresom. Last Ndinayesa kulongosola ena mfundo za Kuzindikira ndi mawonedwe. Iye anayesera kuti atembenuke mfundo zonse akamabadwa mu kusanthula zachilengedwe sayansi. Ndiponso, izi zochitika ziwiri anayesa poyamba kugawanitsa ndi kugwirizanitsa imodzi.

A gawo latsopano la mbiri wakhala kuzindikira kuti Thomism - ndi m'chigulugulu a zaumulungu wa Katolika. Funso liukitsidwa ndi Papa Leo XIII mu encyclical wake. Izi zinachitika mu 1879. Ndiye chikalata umenewu anakhala mokakamizidwa mu phunziro uliwonse sukulu zauzimu.

woyambitsa

Ponena za mfundo imeneyi, sitingathe kunena mawu ake za "bambo." Anayambitsa Thomism - Foma Akvinsky - mwina anabadwa mu 1225. Iye anali nzeru zapamwamba ndi wazamulungu ku Italy. Kuwonjezera pa ntchito kugwirizana ndi Thomism, akugwirabe ndi systematization wa scholasticism, anali mphunzitsi wa Mpingo, membala wa Order Republic.

Kale zaka zambiri pambuyo pa imfa yake, mu 1879, iye anazindikira kuti munthu akatswiri wofunika kwambiri ndiponso otchuka a Chikatolika. bwino pofuna ulemerero kugwirizanitsa chiphunzitso Mkhristu ndi Aristotelianism. Komanso, iye ankatha kupanga ndi kufotokozera zitsimikizo zisanu Mulungu aliko.

mtima

Dziwani kuti Thomism - lingaliro m'zigawozigawo angathe kutanthauziridwa mu madera angapo. Mungaphunzire zambiri za chiphunzitso ichi, popeza familiarized ndi chiphunzitso cha kudziwa zinthu. Ndi chovomerezeka kuphatikiza Thomism ndi chiphunzitso cha kukhala. Ndipo kusonkhana ndi nzeru za umunthu. Pali view dziko pa akamanena za ziphunzitso, komanso maganizo chikumbumtima ndi andale.

chiphunzitso cha chidziwitso

Thomism nthanthi - ndi zinthu zovuta kuti kuyesa kuphatikiza zomwe poyamba zinkaoneka ngati zosatheka kuika pamodzi. Nayenso chiphunzitso ichi amafuna kusiyanitsa nzeru za anthu ndi zaumulungu. Aquinas amakhulupilira kuti yoyamba anali phunziro la "choonadi chifukwa", pamene lachiwiri - "choonadi cha vumbulutso."

Wafilosofi anali wotsimikiza kuti chikhulupiriro ndi kuganiza sangathe zikuchepa otsutsa. Onse mfundo izi zimachokera kwa Mulungu, ndipo kotero iwo osati zotsutsana. Thomism zikutanthauza kuti nzeru ndi "kapolo" a zaumulungu monga mmene mtima wa munthu ndi otsika kutsogolo kwa nzeru za Mulungu. Chiphunzitso chimenechi amatanthauzira choonadi monga makalata a maganizo ndi zinthu.

Ponena za mfundo, Thomism wakonda zolimbitsa Kuzindikira. Iwo ankamuthandiza nthawi imene Aristotle. Amakhulupirira kuti maonekedwe a chinthu ndi chikhalidwe chake chachikulu. Kuti ndi chofunikira wamba ngati kulibe. Motero, akuluakulu ongolankhula matanthauzo anapanga atatu konsekonse:

• woyamba amatchedwa "zinthu" ndipo ndicho lingaliro la Mulungu;
• chachiwiri - "zinthu" - amatanthauza chikhalidwe ambiri a zinthu;
• ndipo "zinthu" amaliona monga luso ndi malingaliro a anthu kuchotsa zinthu nkhani ndi maonekedwe a zosiyana.

kukhala

Asayansi ambiri amene amadziwa Thomism, ankaona kuti chiphunzitso ichi n'chimodzimodzi ndi maphunziro azachilengedwe. Kuti ndi phunziro la umunthu ndi kugwirizanitsa malingaliro awiri. Choncho Thomist gulu la matanthauzo zikuluzikulu za maphunziro azachilengedwe a.

The mfundo yofunika kwambiri mu chiphunzitso cha kukhala Thomism ndi alikodi Mulungu. Ndipo mfundo imeneyi si lofunika, komanso amatipatsa ndiponso akufotokoza mphamvu ya zinthu zina. Mulungu ndi kuzindikira kukhalapo.

The nzeru za Fomy Akvinskogo, Thomism makamaka, anali ndi maganizo oti chofunikira ndi kukhalapo. Iwo akhoza zingasiyane, koma pamene izo zifika zinthu. Koma kufanana kwenikweni zimatheka kokha Mulungu. Motero, chiphunzitso amasonyeza kuti zomwenso - ndi mwayi chinthu, koma kuli - ndi zenizeni.

anthu

Thomism - chiphunzitso lomwe limalamulira zosiyanasiyana amalanga ena. Choncho, ngati mulankhula nkhani ku mfundo anthropological maganizo, fomizm amaona munthu monga kuchotsedwa kwa thupi ndi moyo. Kapena m'malo - osakaniza ogwirizana. Tidziwa nzeru zina, kuti moyo - zilibe kanthu ndi thunthu. Koma zikomo kwa thupi kuti kamakhala amaveka korona kukhazikitsa.

Choncho, ife timvetsetsa kuti mzimu ndi mphamvu ya thupi ndi mawonekedwe ake yokulirapo galimoto. Aquinas ankakhulupirira kuti akhalabe atamwalira. Kuwonjezera chakuti ndi wodziimira popanda thupi, ndi wosafa.

Mwa njira, mfundo anthropological maganizo chimaonetsedwa pa nkhani yolembedwa ya Thomism. Chifukwa chiphunzitso ichi amadziwika kuti moyo uli ntchito ziwiri: chidziwitso ndi chifuniro. Choncho, choyamba - ndicho cholinga, ndipo chachiwiri - kukwaniritsa. Pomwepo pops zokonda intellectualism. Monga 21 TH nkhani yolembedwa "chifukwa pamwamba chikhulupiriro."

danga

Chifukwa chidziwitso zochepa Fomy Akvinskogo, ndipo ndithudi anthu onse a nthawi, danga Thomism ankayimiridwa ngati makwerero. Wafilosofi ankakhulupirira kuti gawo loyamba la dziko zolengedwa zochita kupanga, zomera zina zili kenako nyama, munthu, pa siteji wachisanu - angelo, ndi pamwamba pa zonse ndi Mulungu. Iye si chapamwamba, ndipo chifukwa, cholinga cha zonse ndi osiyanasiyana.

Ethics ndi Ndale

Monga tanena kale, Thomism - chiphunzitsochi aloŵa mu muzochitika zonse. Kuyambira pano anapita ndi maganizo chikumbumtima ndi andale. Iwo anapanga chikhalidwe Thomistic. cholinga chake chachikulu ndi kutanthauzira. Ndiko kuti, malinga Aquinas, kuti kanthu munthu anali wabwino, m'pofunika subordination bwino cholinga.

Mfundo imeneyi resonates ndi Baibulo ndi maganizo, lomwe limati kuti ngati munthu ali ndi zolinga zabwino, ndiye amakhala Grace Divine. Mwa njira, Thomism zikutanthauza kuti ukoma - si cholakalaka. Ambiri mwina, ndi luso labwino.

zaluso

Thomism ndi Wachiwiri-Thomism ali pafupi kwambiri. Tikhoza kunena kuti ziphunzitso awiriwa n'chimodzimodzi. The okha kusiyana - mu imeneyi nthawi. Mfundo yakuti Wachiwiri-Thomism - si lingaliro, koma nzeru za boma la Akatolika mu nthawi kuchokera 1879 mpaka 1962.

chiphunzitso chatsopano makamaka chinatsimikizira dualism la umunthu ndi kukhalapo. Woyamba ukufanizidwa ndi Mulungu, ndipo chachiwiri - chikhalidwe. Choncho, Mulungu ndi choyamba, chinthu - ndi kaphatikizidwe wa nkhani ndi mawonekedwe, ndi ndondomeko - gulu potentiality kuti mwakuwona. Tsopano kutchuka kwa mumaganiza awiriwa wakhala laling'ono kwambiri. Si chinsinsi kuti zambiri Azungu ndi kukhala okana Mulungu.