Mawu Colloquial ndi chitachitika: Zitsanzo ndi malamulo wakagwiritsidwe

Lembani owala, catchy zovuta buku. Koma ena olemba amatha Narcissism ntchito zake omvera chidwi. ndi chinsinsi cha kupambana awo? Timayesetsa kupeza nkhani iyi, momwe iwo kukwaniritsa kuvomereza chilengedwe.

otukwana

Colloquial mawu - mawu ndi zamwano, stylistically yafupika mthunzi ndi ngakhale zotukwana, zomwe zili kunja kwa kalembedwe. Iwo sali lililonse kwa chitsanzo, buku kalembedwe, bwino koma magulu osiyanasiyana a anthu ndipo ndi makhalidwe chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu amene sasunga ndi chinenero. mawu awa ntchito mitundu ina ya zokambirana: mu kulankhula ankasewera kapena bwino mu sparring wapakamwa ndi zina zotero.

Ambiri, chinenero amatchedwa chinenero sanali zolembalemba, amene ntchito pokambirana anthu. Pankhaniyi, izo zikhoza kukhala yovuta ndipo ndi mawu wapadera. Mmenemo aphatikizidwa Mwachitsanzo, mawu "mkati", "akuchuluka", "kwaulere", "awo", "tsiku lina," "nthawi kukhala", "chodziwikiratu", "chochuluka", 'asatope "," zamkhutu " "plump", "wolimbikira ntchito", "mfulumira mwa kukana", "brainy".

Mark m'madikishonale kusonyeza wotsikirapo kalembedwe mawu ndi matanthauzo ake, kuwapatsa opanda kuwunikira ambiri. mawu Colloquial zambiri accommodates ziyenera ndipo limaonetseratu kamvekedwe.

Ndi zotheka kupeza mawu wamba, anasiyana okha accentuation ake ndi phonetics ( "tabaterka" m'malo mwa "wopera", "surezno" mmalo mwa "zolemekezeka").

Zifukwa ntchito

Colloquial lotanthauzira mu osiyanasiyana chilankhulo ntchito zifukwa zosiyanasiyana: la wolemba mwachindunji poyerekezera anafotokoza, zolinga wanzeru (journalistic mawu), zimasonyeza mitu ndi choipitsitsa (adanena mawu), zifukwa characterological (luso mawu). Chikalata-malonda ndi zokambirana sayansi mawu colloquial amaona chinthu inostilevoy.

kalembedwe indelicate

Coarsely mawu colloquial chayamba kuchepa, limaonetseratu mtundu wopanda ulemu. Amakhala Mwachitsanzo, mawu awa: "riffraff", "cornstalk" "bonehead", "makapu", "mphika-bellied", "spieler", "nkhope", "makapu", "bast", "hule", " okolet "," slyamzit "," mukhale chopondapo "," Hamley ". Kuti izo ndi za kwambiri otukwana, ndiye kutukwana (zotukwana kutukwana). Kalembedwe mungathe kupeza mawu ndi wosiyana wamba mfundo (zambiri metamorphic) - "wenzulo" ( "kuba"), "ndi odulidwa" ( "mofulumira anati"), "mukapeza" ( "kulemba"), "yokhotakhota" ( "akulankhula zamkhutu"), "chipewa" ( "wachisoni thumba"), "vinaigrette" ( "jumble").

kalembedwe tsiku ndi tsiku

Kucheza mawu ndi limodzi mwa magawo zofunika kayankhulidwe ka chinenero cha wolemba pamodzi ndi ndale buku mtundu wanyimbo. Ndipamene mawu, amadziwika makamaka dialogicality mawu. kalembedwe ino tikukamba pa zokambirana mwamwayi mu chikhalidwe kulankhulana lotha (looseness ubale kulankhulana ndi mawu, maganizo, nkhani phunziro), komanso mayunitsi a tiers ena a chinenero, ntchito makamaka mau oyankhulidwa. Choncho amene mawu mwambo wa chibadidwe limaonetseratu kuchepa ochekenera.

polemba chinenero olankhulidwa lagawidwa awiri wosiyana-m'munsi mosungiramo mphamvu: lolembedwa wamba ndi mawu obihodno-ogula.

kulankhula mawu

Kodi mawu chitachitika ndi colloquial? mawu tsiku ndi tsiku tichipeza mawu enieni mitundu m'kamwa mwa miyambo kulankhula. Kukamba mawu yunifolomu. Iwo zili pansipa mawu ndale, koma malingana ndi mlingo wa mawu mabuku ndi m'magulu awiri lalikulu mawu a pulaimale ndi wamba.

mawu tsiku ndi tsiku zikuphatikizapo mawu amene mayendedwe mthunzi informality, akulembayo (koma osati mwano mawu wamba). Ku maganizo a mbali ya kulankhula amanena mawu chitachitika monga ndale osiyanasiyana.

Pamafunikanso:

• manauni: "wag", "munthu wamkulu", "zamkhutu";
• adjectives: "kulekerera", "osasamalira";
• adverbs: "njira yanga yanga", "mwachisawawa";
• interjections: "Pepa", "Bai", "LGA".

Tsiku ndi tsiku lotanthauzira, ngakhale pritushennost ake, kodi asapitirire malire a Chirasha zolembalemba.

mawu Colloquial pansipa pa kalembedwe kuposa tsiku ndi tsiku Choncho, n'kuliika panja pa kulemba yovomerezeka ya kulankhula Russian. Iwo m'magulu atatu:

1. Limaonetseratu mawu coarse grammatically wasonyeza adjectives ( "bedraggled", "bellied"), mneni ( "tulo", "raschuhat"), nauni ( "cornstalk", "bonehead"), adverbs ( "lousy," "zopusa"). mawu Nthawi zambiri zolankhula bwino ophunzira anthu, liwulo msinkhu wawo chikhalidwe. Nthawi zina amapezeka zokambirana anthu anzeru. The expressiveness mawu awa ndi mphamvu zawo zamalankhulidwe ndi maganizo athe zina akusonyeza ndi momveka kusonyeza chiŵerengero (kwambiri zoipa) kuti chinthu chilichonse, chodabwitsa kapena anthu.
2. Coarse-wamba mawu isiyana akhakula ndi limaonetseratu mkulu mlingo ankadziwa. Mwachitsanzo, mawu otsatirawa: "Heil", "makapu" "makapu", "mpiru", "Mwachitsanzo", "Rylnikov". Izi mawu kulankhula, amatha kupatsira mtima woipa wa kukambirana kwa nkhani zina. Chifukwa cha nkhanza kwambiri mawu amenewa si zomveka mu zokambirana za anthu otukuka.
3. Kwenikweni, mawu wamba. Izi zikuphatikizapo ochepa mawu amene sanali zolembalemba, chifukwa iwo ali zosamveka (iwo sanali mwano ndi mtundu limaonetseratu ndi phindu) kapena ndi khalidwe lokonda nkhondo (sali achipongwe manenedwe), koma chifukwa iwo alibe amalangiza ntchito anthu ophunzira pokambirana. Awa ndi mawu monga "pasadakhale", "pakali pano", "Adadi," "Ine ndikulingalira," "zimaswana". Mtundu wa chinenero amatchedwanso m'chinenero, ndipo kumasiyana ndi chinenero kuti ntchito mumzinda ndi m'midzi.

Mau ofanana

Mau ofanana mu chilankhulo cha colloquial mabuku pa nthawi yomweyo nthawi milingo yosiyanasiyana ya mawu ndi expressiveness:

• mutu - galangal, chump;
• nkhope - wosakongola makapu, kuipanikiza;
• mapazi - klyagi.

Nthawi zambiri zolankhula zimachitika osati n'chimodzimodzi chotero, ndipo Mabaibulo chinenero cha mawu zolembalemba, kuphatikizapo galamala:

• kwa iye - kwa iye;
• nthawi zonse - zavsegda;
• anadya - iye poemshi;
• awo - wawo
• kunja - ottudova, ottedova;
• tiwonana - kuti svidanitsa.

zilandiridwenso M.Zoshchenko

Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti njira ya mawu a wolankhula ndi mawu colloquial. Ndithudi, m'manja mwa wolemba sanali zolembalemba masterovitogo mawu amatumikira monga njira kufotokoza maganizo a m'nkhaniyi, komanso kupanga ndi kuzindikira stylistic zinthu zenizeni. The zinachitika izi ndi ntchito za kulenga Zoshchenko, amene mwaluso parodied Afilisti maganizo ndi moyo, "vkraplivaya" mu kukambirana wovuta ngwazi folksy mawu.

Kodi kuyang'ana mu mabuku ake mawu wamba? Zitsanzo za Luso M.Zoshchenko chidwi. Izi wolemba luso analemba kuti:

"Ndikunena:

- Kodi si nthawi kukhala mu sewero? Kuitana kungakhale.

Ndipo iye anati:

- No.

Ndipo chachitatu, amatenga keke.

Ndilankhula:

- Kusala - osati kwambiri? Mwina kusanza.

Ndipo iye anati:

- Ayi, - Iye anati - ife ntchito.

Ndipo chachinayi zokumbira.

Ndiye imalondola ine mu magazi mutu.

- Lodge - mukuti - kumbuyo!

Iye ispuzhalsya. Adatsegula pakamwa pake, ndi yowala dzino pakamwa.

Ndipo ngati Ine anagunda kuda mosavuta. Mulimonsemo, ine ndikuganiza, salinso kutuluka naye.

- Lodge - ndinena - ku gehena "(" achifumu "nkhani!).

Mu ntchito iyi, zotsatira azithunzithunzi zimatheka osati chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mawu otukwana ndi mitundu, komanso chifukwa chakuti mfundo iyi kuima pa "oyeretsedwa" cliches zolembalemba: "kudya mkate" ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa, izo analenga chithunzi maganizo ndi bwino ophunzira, umbuli munthu, kuyesetsa ngati anzeru. Iye ndi tingachipeze powerenga ngwazi Zoshchenko.

mawu chilankhulo

Ndipo zimene ankalankhula, mawu colloquial? Kuphunzira Urban otukwana, anthu ambiri amafunsa funso wochenjeza za mitundu wake m'deralo, chifukwa chikoka cha m'zilembo: kukutsimikizira options zochepa malinga ndi deta ya mzinda umodzi limachititsa kuyerekeza ndi zipangizo mizinda ina Mwachitsanzo, Tambov, Omsk, Voronezh, Elista, Krasnoyarsk ndi zotero.

malire ochiritsira pakati pa mawu wamba ndi chilankhulo kawirikawiri kwambiri zimachitika maulalo a mbiriyakale ndi dziko chilankhulo slang, zifukwa majini kuti si wolungamitsidwa kwathunthu zina kusanthula monga Gwero lalikulu la chiwalitsiro cha zatha mosungiramo chofala.

Luso A. I. Solzhenitsyna

Gwirizanani, nthawi zina pogwiritsa ntchito mawu colloquial amapereka mankhwala ndi wapadera ena. Zinenero stylistic luso A. I. Solzhenitsyna chinali ndi zapadera zochokera amakopeka akatswiri a zinenero zambiri. Ndi chododometsa wa opanda poyerekezera pamafunika ena owerenga kuphunzira chinenero ndi kalembedwe ntchito za wolemba izi. Mwachitsanzo, buku lake "Tsiku lina mu Ivana Denisovicha" zikusonyeza umodzi mkati ndi mokhazikika, molondola zolinga za kapangidwe kake wophiphiritsa ndi mawu, mmene muli, monga ankati ndi L. N. Tolstoy, "wapadera Ndondomeko mawu Zimatheka," lomwe ndi chizindikiro chenicheni cha luso.

chinthu chofunika

mawu chilankhulo china chofunika kwambiri Solzhenitsyn. "Gawiraniko" ntchito wamba wolemba, kumuika protagonist a buku lake, mlembi ali anatha kulenga sagwirizana nazo kwambiri ndi limaonetseratu chilankhulo ziyenera a mawu ake, mwamphamvu lilibe kwa lonse panopa script mogwira kubwerera kwa katundu wamenyedwa a "otchuka" mawu ati, akungoyendayenda kwa buku buku ( kutayipa "nadys" "Mtumwi", "wokondedwa wanga," "inu muyang'ana-Koch" ndi zina zotero).

Nthawi zambiri kulongosola akuti amapangidwa osati mwa mawu ( "uhaydakatsya", "chisanu", "Khalabuda", "gunyavy"), ndipo chifukwa mawu mapangidwe "obnevolyu", "nedotyka", "ukryvische", "udovolenny" "mopupuluma". Zimene kulumikiza kwa chilankhulo kulankhula munda luso, monga ulamuliro, kutsutsidwa ndi ziyenera kuvomereza monga kutsitsimuka kwa associative bwino kulankhulana kwa fano ndi mawu.

malankhulidwe anthu

Ndipo momwe ntchito mawu colloquial mu mawu? Atakambirana ano wamba chilankhulo ndi mawu wamba Chrixitu pafupifupi limodzi. Ndipo kumbuyo uko ali, nkuti, mawu akuti "zopanda pake" "samodumka", "duhovity", "nsomba" wokamba nkhani iliyonse, ndipo ndendende chifukwa anazindikira kapena kaya ntchito ambiri sanali zolembalemba katundu - mawu ziyenera Ivan Denisovich zilibe kanthu. Nkofunika kuti mothandizidwa ndi onse woyamba ndi kuitana lachiwiri la ngwazi za wolandira zofunika stylistic-maganizo.

Timamva pa tanthauzo wopatsa nthabwala, moyo, free ku mosavuta anabwereka zaposachedwapa pa mabwalo zosiyanasiyana wolongolola muyezo anzeru wowerengeka kulankhula. Solzhenitsyn kuti akudziwa ndipo lotero detects latsopano mithunzi zazing'ono.

Kodi aliyense amakhala ndi mawu colloquial? Zitsanzo za ntchito lingachititse kalekale. N'zochititsa chidwi ntchito Shukhov "kutsimikiza" mneni mu atsopano "masewera kupanga" makhalidwe - kuonetsetsa kudalirika kanthu kuteteza "Shukhov ... ndi dzanja limodzi moyamikira, mopupuluma anatenga nedokurok, ndi wachiwiri kuchokera pansi kutsimikiza, kuti kusiya."

Kapena styazhonnoe ntchito limodzi makhalidwe "kukhala" mneni kuti akhoza kuoneka mu otchuka akumangoti tsopano, "anabweretsa munthu trafaretki ku nkhondo, ndipo kuyambira wapita, ndi zambiri utoto ngati ankayimira: paliponse zigwirizana paliponse sachiza ... ".

Chidziwitso cha mawu wowerengeka anapereka Solzhenitsyn ndi katundu zinachitikira moyo, ndipo, ndithudi, kufunira mfiti ndi, zinam'pangitsa osati kuchiza, komanso mwachindunji kufufuza Chirasha.