Ulimi m'dziko - amtengo njira ya boma

M'mayiko zaulimi (SKHN) ndi maziko kwa kupanga zakudya zofunika, kudyetsa ziweto ndi zipangizo za mafakitale ena. Chifukwa iwo anapereka ulamuliro wapadera wa ntchito, kuonetsetsa chitetezo, kusintha kwa chonde, komanso kuteteza achire awo ku kufalitsidwa.

Mitundu SKHN dziko

Wopereka malamulo m'Dziko Code wa ku Russia komanso Chilamulo Federal "Pa zaulimi Kupeleka" № 101 FZ allocates gawo la magawo ankafuna ulimi, izi mitundu ya dzikolo;

1. ulimi m'dziko - kudziko ya mtengo wapatali, ndi zinthu zoti boma ndi nkhani chitetezo chapadera. Iwo njira yopanga chakudya zofunika. Komanso gawo madera awa zimatulutsa lofunika kwambiri ndi zipatso m'madera amene amapereka chitetezo zina.

2. Non-zaulimi (ndi kutumikira e) dziko - m'dziko padziko ndiwo zinthu (zachilengedwe ndi yokumba) ogwiritsidwa ntchito pa ulimi ndi zomwe a dziko loyandikira.

Choncho, SKHN mbali akhale osavuta kapena zovuta. Mbali yoyamba, iwo wapangidwa ndi mtundu wina wa m'madera amene angathe kukhala wolingana kapena osakhala yunifolomu khalidwe ndi magwiritsidwe. zovuta A, amapatsidwa lopangidwa ndi onse ulimi wa "kutumikira" dziko kuchuluka osiyana.

Malinga ndi National Fund Land, dera zaulimi ku Russia ndi mahekitala miliyoni 195,6, ndi m'dera msonkhano SKHN dziko - mahekitala miliyoni 207,6.

Lingaliro la zaulimi

Malinga ndi "List of Land ndi mlandu terminology," munakonda Utumiki wa Agriculture wa mzinda USSR 21.07.1970, zaulimi - m'dziko lino ntchito ulimi, monga njira zikuluzikulu za ulimi: olimapo dziko, ugonere, zomera osatha (popanda m'dera nkhalango), udzu ndipo msipu (palibe gwape). Iwo njira yopanga ndipo sanali yunifolomu mu dongosolo ake, quality, ndi mabwalo.

Mawu amenewa amasonyeza makhalidwe a ntchito zinchito za gawolo chifukwa katundu zachilengedwe (nthaka, chithandizo) ndi kukhalapo pa izo chuma chofunika kuchita mitundu ina ya ntchito. Pogwiritsa ntchito mawu amenewa, kulongosola boma malamulo pa malo enieni.

Kapangidwe ndi m'mayiko SKHN

Mu Art. 79 LC RF zodziwika bwino kapangidwe ka dziko zaulimi (olimapo, udzu msipu, zomera osatha). Mu lamulo nambala 104 ya Federal State Kafukufuku Service 20.12.2007 (ndime 41) ndi nambala 95 kuchokera 30.11.2005 (ndime 12.5-12.1 1) Zinthu zotsatirazi zinalengedwa:

1. Plowland - ndi minda, amene mwadongosolo kukonzedwa ndi ntchito pansi pa mbewu chakudya, komanso mayikidwe a greenhouses (hothouses, greenhouses) ndi awiri (tirigu, masamba, zomera mafuta, udzu osatha ndi zina zotero.). Dama:

• Net (wakuda) - m'dera analima mu kugwa kwa chaka chatha mbewu yozizira chaka chino.
• Rocker - m'madera vysokostebelkovye kubzala mbewu kwa kumanga chisanu chisanu ndi polimbana kukokoloka kwa nthaka.
• Green manyowa - m'dera afesedwa ndi nyemba, zomwe zina kukonzedwa mu manyowa wobiriwira.

2. Haymaking - zaulimi, mwadongosolo ntchito haymaking (udzu akusowekapo forage).

3. odyetserako - kudera limene nthawi zonse msipu (msipu) nyama.

4. Perennials - nthaka wotanganidwa ndi kakwamba yokumba a zitsamba, mitengo ya zipatso ndi zitsamba, cholinga kutulutsa mbewu ya zipatso, zipatso, masamba ndi mankhwala luso.

Zochita kusiyanitsa mitundu ya dziko monga ugonere. dziko lino ulimi kale ntchito olimapo koma osati chimanga zotsala 1 chaka ndi sanakonzekere pansi par.

Nthawi zambiri komanso akufuna kupanga mndandanda wa mfundo "m'mayiko kovuta" - malo SKHN zosafunika kwa wabwinobwino ulimi kapena zofuna kuchira (saline, mchere malawi, linasokoneza, miyala dziko, etc ..). Ndipo malo a zaulimi kungachitidwe opanda ntchito monga Chifukwa cha zinthu zachilengedwe (kukokoloka, kugumuka, waterlogging etc.), zochita Human (muyeso) kapena zopangidwa ndi masoka.

Concept ndi mitundu ya dziko sanali ulimi

Non-ulimi m'dziko - m'dziko lino, pamwamba pa ndilo maziko (maziko) kwa malawi maofesi ena ulimi (m'madera utumiki, chitetezo ndi zina zotero.).

Mitundu ina ya mtundu wa malo kutchulidwa Art. 77 LC RF. Mndandanda zikuphatikizapo:

1. Mayiko anatanganidwa ndi mitengo ndi zitsamba, m'pofunika kuteteza dziko nkhani yoipa. Pa kubzala nthawi yomweyo sizikhudza ndalama nkhalango ndi kwathunthu wokwatibwa ndi mwamuna, amene akhoza kutaya iwo pa nzeru zake (kudula). Malinga ndi National Fund Land, dera ndi dziko ndi zake kubzala chitsamba chilichonse mtundu amateteza pamahekitala okwana 19.

2. Land ili pa iwo anatseka mchere. Ndi otsiriza amatanthauza amatunga, madambo (osati dambo) ntchito madzi, ndipo malinga h. 2 tbsp. 8 wa Madzi Code la Chitaganya cha Russia, si kunena katundu. Monga wa 2016 m'dera la dziko pansi matupi anatseka wa madzi atafika mahekala 13 miliyoni.

3. Earth, zokhudza misewu mkati ndi momwe ulimi (machitidwe reclamation, machubu ulimi wothirira, etc ..). Dziwani kuti pansi misewu zikutanthauza misewu m'midzi (wosaloleka, samonakatannye) njinga ndi ruts, simuli a Russian Federation, dera kapena boma. Land m'misewu mu Russia zatenga malo pamahekitala okwana 2.3.

4. ziwembu ndi nyumba ndi maofesi ntchito processing (chachikulu), kupanga ndi kusunga ulimi (mphero, malo, ndi abulusa zina mkaka.).

dziko Non-ulimi lili ndi chinthu, kumene dziko ndicho chinthu chachikulu, ndipo zosiyanasiyana zinthu - Chalk.

zaulimi monga chinthu

Nthawi zambiri pansi malamulo kuoneka ngati woima chinthu katundu ufulu, kapena ntchito ponena za chuma. Mwachitsanzo, Art. 58 Land Code la Chitaganya cha Russia amalankhula za minda, mphalapala msipu omwe chuma cha nzika kapena mabungwe, ndi Dec. 2, Art. 4 Chilamulo № 101 FZ "nthaka" m'malo maganizo "dziko".

Komabe, M'MALO izi wachibadidwe cholakwika ndi woopsa kwa zowerengera m'madera mawerengedwe SKHN malo a Russia ndi mtima dongosolo lawo. Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti "nthaka" si malire munthu ndi sali m'gulu m'chigawo cadastre chinthu palokha. Mu zolowa mmboma (zogulitsa, yobwereka, etc.). Zimakhala nawo kokha malo enieni.

Zoletsa m'madera makope anthu SKHN

Zolowa SKHN ziwembu ikuchitika malinga ndi malamulo a malamulo boma ndipo dziko ndi kuganizira zolephera alipo. Yotsirizira amatanthauza lamulo lokhazikitsidwa ndi PPA kapena zinthu zomwe asagwiritse zopalira mu ndondomeko ya umwini kapena khalidwe la dziko SKHN.

Chilamulo Federal № 101 FZ amapereka malamulo otsatirawa:

1. kuletsa alendo (anthu, makampani ndi nawo zakunja oposa 50%) kupeza zaulimi. Pankhaniyi, nyumba dziko zedi malire sangakhoze zoletsedwa.

2. kulephera kusintha mukupita popanda malo zolamulidzwazo potsata mwambo. Ntchito zaulimi popanda cholinga wochita ntchito zogwirizana sikuloledwa.

3. Kambiranani ndi SKHN kukula malire dziko kuti akhoza wokwatibwa ndi munthu mmodzi kapena mabungwe. zizindikiro zenizeni atsimikiziridwa pa mlingo wa dera kuyambira 10% 90% ya malo okwana dziko boma makamaka.

4. lamanja la oyamba nkhani ya chigawo ntchitoyi kwa ogulidwa SKHN malo vuto la zogulitsa ake.

Zoletsa kupezeka chifukwa chakuti m'madera ulimi ndi njira zinthu, kuonetsetsa chitetezo chakudya cha dziko. Zopinga kuti ufulu makope dziko ndi chilamulo cha pafupifupi m'mayiko onse, ndi mu Russia iwo zofewa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu Denmark gulu alibe ufulu kugula kapena kubwereka malo, ndi nkhope ndi thupi ogula ayenera anakhala zaka zosachepera 8 akumidzi.