Wambiri ndi zaka za moyo Krylova Ivana Andreevicha

Krylov zaka za moyo ndi mbiri zingapo za nkhani ndi mipata pamene samadziwika zimene anachita Wolemba wina, mtolankhani, wolemba nthano. Pamene iye anakana kusintha moyo wake yonena mu mwaukali kwambiri: "Ndawerenga; kapena kukonza kapena kukonzanso nthawi iliyonse, kapena chilakolako ayi. " Kodi chifukwa cha nkhani zake zonse ndi fabulist yekha, ndi zaka za moyo Krylov penapake mwachinsinsi.

wakhanda

Banja la wodzichepetsa mkulu Krylov m'chiyambi cha February 1769 mwana Ivan anabadwa mu Moscow. Pa Pugachev kupanduka anayi Vanya amakhala ndi mayi ake mu anazinga Orenburg, ndi atate wake pa nthawi kumbuyo mudzi Yaik ndi nkhawa banja. Pugachev walonjeza kuthetsa osati mkulu komanso banja lake. Pa zaka za moyo Krylov, adakali mwana, ndi moto moto chisokonezo ndipo Nabatiyeh. Pamene wamba nkhondo anali zikutha, wolimba Maria A. anapita kwa mnyamata wamng'ono mu Yaik, mwamuna wokondedwa. Krylov zaka za moyo Yaik Linga zinachitika m'nyengo yozizira siketing'i pa sled, kuona mmene akulu Cossacks zikugwira nsomba m'madzi a Nsombazi ndi sterlet. Madzulo, atate, amene anali ndi chifuwa ndi mabuku, kuwerenga banja lake ndimasewera Kunena nkhani zothandiza.

mu Tver

Mu 1775, Ivana Krylova bambo anapuma anasamuka limodzi ndi banja lake kwa mayi ake. Alibe ndalama Krylov mwiniyo anaphunzitsa mwana wake kuwerenga, ndipo kuwerenga kwambiri ndiponso mofunitsitsa. The mnyamata anayenda kuzungulira mzindawo kwambiri, kuonera m'tauni moyo ndi kucheza kutsutsana pa seminare. Pali atangokhala yodziwa malingaliro amene ali pa siteji bungwe ophunzira. Mu masewero lalifupi kusekedwa ziphuphu, kukopana, chicanery. Apa, kwa nthawi yoyamba panokha ndinaona Ivan, zimene Zotengera. M'misewu iye anaphunzitsa kulankhula pang'ono Italiya (alendo ambiri anali Tver) ndi kusewera zeze. Ndipo m'nyumba ya mwininyumba Lvov ankaloledwa kuti chinkhoswe ndi aphunzitsi. Ndipo iye anayamba kuphunzira masamu, masamu ndi French. Choncho zaka za moyo Krylov anathawa. A bambo anadwala, ndalama pafupifupi sanali. Komanso anabereka mwana wina - Levushka. bambo Krylov sankafuna adzauka, ndipo posakhalitsa anamwalira, kusiya banja pafupifupi umphawi.

Saint Petersburg

Amayi ndi ana awiri kupita ku likulu kupempha kwa penshoni. Mu 1783, mtsikana anayamba kutumikira breech lapansi. Ndipo mu zaka 16, choyamba anasonyeza talente yake zolembalemba: analemba "Kofeynitsa" libretto. Iye anawonekera sewero "Cleopatra" Patapita chaka chimodzi, kenako - tsoka "Philomela". Pa nthawi yomweyo, iye analemba azithunzithunzi sewero la "The banja misala" ndi sewero lanthabwala "Wolemba mu holo" Ivan Krylov, imene tikhoza kukhala wakhama anafotokoza. Koma mnyamatayo kufunafuna yekha. zaka 90 za moyo ndi moyo Krylov anati mwambo chisoni - mayi wake wamwalira, ndipo kulabadira kwa Ivan Andreyevich ndi mng'ono wa Levushka. Anamsemera amatchula mzake.

satirical magazini

kufalitsidwa anali unachitika sewero lanthabwala "Pranksters", imene khamu pamene Wolemba wina wa JB dziko Knyazhnin anakapezeka ndi banja lake. caricature ichi, palibe wonyalanyaza osiyana, anakwiya, ndipo Yakov Borisovich zisudzo directorate. Komabe, phiko sanataye mtima, ndipo anayamba kufalitsa magazini "Mail mizimu." Ukuoneka pang'onopang'ono talente, amalembedwa lakuthwa diso satirist. Koma magazini ali kutseka - olembetsa ochepa kwambiri.

unlucky mkwatibwi

Mu 1791, pambuyo kuphedwa kwa oponderezedwa Radishchev Krylov St. Petersburg, ndipo pamene mnzanga anamuitana kupita mu m'chigawo Oryol, iye mosangalala. Pali, kuyendera zigawo osiyanasiyana, mnyamata zaka 22 zakubadwa Metropolitan ndakatulo anakumana yaing'ono yaikazi Anna Alekseevnu Konstantinov. Iye anakhala chidwi, chabe chibwenzi ndipo anapanga lonjezo limenelo, koma zinakanika chifukwa iye anali otsika wobadwa kwambiri ndi osauka.

Wosindikiza mtolankhani

Kenako anabwerera kwawo ndipo anasankha dala mu yosindikiza malonda, wotsegulira pa maziko wofanana ndi Klushin ndi Plavilshchikov. Nkhani Krylov, amene anayamba wovuta kwa kalembedwe awo, mu "azionerera" magazini sparkled ndi nzeru. Iye analemba kalelo nthano "Kaib" lomwe chinamulowerera Zotengera lonse. Pansi mikanjo Oriental viziers anaganiza olemekezeka ndi olemekezeka Russia. Petersburg nthano "Night" amagwiritsidwanso kupweteka kwambiri bwalo apamwamba, ndi ang'onoang'ono ndi odopistsev. "The omvera" anaseka pa minibasi Western mabuku, sentimentalism. Pakuti magazini anakhazikitsa okhwima kuyang'aniridwa ndi Krylov nthawi atagwidwa ku mabuku ndi utolankhani.

ulalo zaufulu

Wongokhala ndi kusowa kwa ndalama akubwera wamng'ono kale buoyant wolemba unagwidwa chisoni. Koma tsiku lina, paketi makadi anagwa m'manja mwake. Ndi tebulo Masewero, iye anadzuka matumba wolemedwa. Njuga chidwi ndi izo, koma pa tebulo Masewero, Mkuona ena, si bwino kuti moyo. Ine ndinapita kusintha malo: Yaroslavl, Tver, Tambov, Tula. Nizhny Novgorod ... Kukhala okalamba Krylov anakumbukira zimene amanyamula palibe yapambana ndi zomverera amphamvu. Ndipo kukumbukira anapeza nkhani, zithunzi, achipongwe, m'mafanizo. Choncho patapita nthawi moyo Krylov Ivan Andreevich. Iye ankaganiza kuti iyeyo ndi amene anali naye pafupi - anthu amene amapha nthawi ndi khama pa nkhani zachabechabe ndi zamkhutu.

Bwererani ku St. Petersburg

Inachitika atamwalira wosakondedwayo Krylov Catherine Wachiwiri, amene zaka otsiriza a ulamuliro tikhale lingaliro lirilonse wamoyo. Mwangozi pa msewu Krylov inawombana ndi Paulo, amene ankaphonyetsa iye munthu wina kuti apite, musazengereze. Krylov anatenga kapepala ndipo anatenga Mfumukazi. Zoseketsa ndi moyo mumangidwa amtengo aulemu, wasangalala Maria Feodorovna. Koma chifukwa cha silifooketsa anthu ofuna Krylov likulu kachiwiri anachoka ku zigawo. Nthawi zina anafalitsa nkhani zake ndi Mabaibulo ku Italy, Chifalansa ndi Chijeremani chimene iye anali nacho mwa nthawi ino kwambiri kuphunzira.

fabulist

Ndi 1805 panali kusintha zambiri pa moyo wa Krylov. Iye anali mphunzitsi wa ana Prince Golitsyn anatumikira, analemba comedies ndi Moscow anasonyeza I. I. Dmitrievu Mabaibulo a nthano La Fontaine a. Pomaliza, 36 wazaka wolemba anakapezeka. Komabe, iye anapitiriza kulemba masewero. Iwo anali bwino, ndipo anakhala Wolemba wina wotchuka, koma sanali kusiya nthano. Choncho patapita nthawi moyo fabulist Krylov. Iye anali kuwachitira nkhanza ndi maulamuliro ndi sanakhumudwe ndi nkhaniyo. Boma limalipira iye penshoni mkulu, zonse kuwongolera iwo. Pakuti mtengo zolembalemba anali pansi Nicholas Ine, ndipo anavomereza ndi academician lapansi. Ngati pa chiyambi cha chilengedwe, anadalira pa nkhani ya La Fontaine, Aesop, wolemba tsopano wayamba kupeza apakhungu lakuthwa Russian nkhani, monga "tsekwe, khansa ndi Pike", mwachitsanzo. Ndipo pang'onopang'ono amakhala wotchuka wolemba, amene onse osagwidwa. kutchuka kwake ndi mkulu. Young Belinsky kuchiika nambala mofanana Pushkin, Lermontov ndi Griboyedov.

Wambiri ndi zaka za moyo Krylova Ivana Andreevicha unazunguliridwa mu nyengo mwachilungamo yaitali - zaka 75. Timayamikira munthu uyu kuti malingaliro, imene chinyengo wosanganiza ndi mnyozo kwa tikuyamba ndi bwino kalembedwe ake Russian. Iye ankadziwa woonda, lakuthwa ndi zoipa kunyozedwa kuipa Krylov. Zaka za moyo ndi imfa (1769 - 1844) - nthawi ya stagnation anthu, alimbikitsa, kuthamanga boma kachiwiri pa munthu woganiza.

Wambiri ana

Ivan Andreevich Krylov wabwera kutali moyo. Iye anabadwa mu banja osauka. bambo ake anawatumikira kwa zaka makumi atatu kuti otchuka ndi kuupereka kwa ana. No aphunzitsi kapena sukulu Ivan Andreyevich anaona. Chidziwitso woyamba analandira kuchokera kwa bambo ake, ndiyeno zaka za moyo wake Krylova Ivana Andreevicha - mwachitsanzo ana mwini anaphunzitsa. Iye kuwerenga kwambiri ndipo wakhala mmodzi wa umunthu wosinthasintha kwabasi nthawi yake. Iye mwiniyo anaphunzitsa monga mwana chinenero Italy ndi akula - German. French ankadziwa kwambiri, chifukwa Analeredwa chinenero anthu pa nthawi imeneyo. Krylov analemba chaka kupeza bwino, kuwonjezeka zofuna zake. Ivan A. analipo mu ulamuliro wa mafumu atatu, amene anam'chitira ndi kukayikirana, ndi kulemekeza. zopereka wake mabuku Russian ndi lalitali zifukwa zomveka - mzere kuchokera nthano zake amadziŵa zonse ophunzira anthu Russian. The zaka makumi atatu otsiriza a moyo wake anatumikira mu Library Public pa nthawi yomweyo zikugwira ntchito zolembalemba. maliro ake mu 1844 anali wapadera. The chachiwiri chofunika kwambiri kuposa boma - Werengani Orlov - anagwira bokosi lake. Kumizidwa I. A. Krylov ku St. Petersburg.