Wambiri ya Solzhenitsyn: Inali Gulag

"The Gulag Archipelago", "Tsiku lina mu Ivana Denisovicha" ... Ntchito izi otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse a Alexander Solzhenitsyn analenga. Wambiri (lalifupi), wolemba ayankhidwa pansipa.

Alexander Solzhenitsyn: Moyo M'njira

Wolemba tsogolo anabadwa pa December 11, 1918, ku Kislovodsk. Ngakhale kuti makolo ake adadza kwa amphawi, iwo anali ndi maphunziro abwino. Komabe, mayi wa mkazi wamasiye Solzhenitsyn ngakhale asanabadwe. Kudyetsa mwana wake, iye anakhala typist.

Mu 1938, dzina lake Aleksandr Isaevich anayamba kuphunzira pa University Rostov mu sayansi ndi masamu luso. Mu 1941, iye anatha kutsiriza makalata dipatimenti ya anayambitsa. Wambiri Solzhenitsyn ikusonyeza kuti chiyambi cha Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo dzina lake Aleksandr Isaevich anapita kupita kunkhondo.

Mu 1945 G. A. Solzhenitsyn anamangidwa mwatsatanetsatane counterintelligence, monga kalata yake NKVD anapeza podzudzula Stalin. Motero, dzina lake Aleksandr Isaevich m'ndende zaka 8 kundende ndi ukapolo ku Siberia. Iye anapulumutsa ndi kumukonzanso yekha mu 1957

Wambiri Solzhenitsyn limatiuza kuti mu 1974 anamangidwanso mlandu woukira boma ndi kutumizidwa ku Germany. Patapita zaka ziwiri, wolemba anasamukira ku America - apa iye anali chinkhoswe mu ntchito zolembalemba.

Mu 90 ntchentche mu Russia zina kwawo. Mmodzi wa iwo anali Alexander Solzhenitsyn, amene lalifupi yonena limati iye anabwerera kwawo yekha mu 1994, anthu ndi zolembalemba ntchito wolemba anapita mpaka tsiku lomaliza - anamwalira mu 2008.

Wambiri ya Solzhenitsyn: Timagalasi

Mu 1962, Khrushchev analola buku la buku "Tsiku lina mu Ivana Denisovicha." The mankhwala mutu zoyenera m'misasa Stalin. Ndiye nkhani amenewa m'magawo "Matryona" ndi "Pakuti chabwino chochititsa."

Patapita zaka 5, wolemba anatumiza kwa Congress wa Union of olemba kalata lotseguka otchedwa kutha kwa kufufuza. Chifukwa cha ntchito yake yoletsedwa. Komabe, mabuku monga "Cancer Ward" ndi "The Circle Choyamba", anagawira kudzera samizdat nadza ngakhale mu West.

Mu 1970, mkaidi wa Gulag kupereka m'munda wa mabuku Nobel Prize. Koma mu 1973 KGB inalandidwa ntchito pamanja wa "The Gulag Archipelago" omwe anafotokoza m'misasa ntchito yokakamiza ndi ndende osiyanasiyana m'dziko USSR. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, chidwi owerenga waukulu mu Solzhenitsyn anali mu zaka 1988-1993. Kenako, ntchito zake zinatuluka pafupifupi wani miliyoni makope.

Wambiri Solzhenitsyn limanena kuti wolemba kulenga dzina lake khalidwe la epic lonse vuto, komanso oonetsa zinthu zakale mwa prism nzeru otchulidwa chosiyana ndi mzake. Amagwiritsa ntchito allusions m'Baibulo ndi ikuimira zikuchokera. Pankhaniyi, malo wolemba si nthawi zonse bwino umaonetseredwa, m'malo Solzhenitsyn amayesetsa kupeleka zipolowe yotsutsa maganizo. Komanso, ntchito zake amadziŵika zopelekedwa. Ndipotu, ambiri otchulidwa ntchito Solzhenitsyn ndi kukhala prototypes lenileni, amene wolemba unali tikuyidziwa.