Dongosolo la Russian Ufumu mendulo

Mbiri kufunika kanali, kaya zaka kapena chochitika chachikulu chimene iwo ankachitira zaka adzapitiriza kukula chiwerengero cha okhometsa ikukula, kusankha kusonkhanitsa mendulo, zokongoletsa kapena mafano osiyanasiyana. Ena zosonkhanitsira payekha kugunda mndandanda wa zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho, ngakhale m'maganizo kwambiri kufika - mtengo awo okwana akhoza Akuti mu masauzande ndi ngakhale miyanda ndalama American. Lero tiona m'dera lina chidwi la okhometsa - mendulo nthawi ya ufumu wa Russia.

Kuti monga kuzindikira yoyamikira

Malinga ndi mbiri ya, dongosolo loyamba la Russian Ufumu anaonekera mu ulamuliro wa Peter Wamkulu - anazindikira mwa olemba mbiri ndi asayansi ndale za lonse wokonzanso dziko dera Russia. Koma nthawi yatsoka wa kanali koyamba kwambiri mtundu bwinobwino amati ndi chiyambi cha zaka chikwi chachiwiri. Mu mbiri yakale chibwenzi ku chaka 1100, anatchula mphoto golide hryvnia ena Aleksandra Popovicha ya kusinkhasinkha Polovtsian pa kuukira Kiev. Izo zinachitika pa Vladimir Monomakh, iye anali kupereka yaikulu golide hoop (golide makokedwe), amene khosi la m'tsogolo, monga munthu angayembekezere, ndi ngwazi ya nkhani epic Aleshu Popovicha.

The zikamera wa Mafumu mu boma Russian wasintha zaka zakubadwa maziko, anasintha ndi kulemekeza anthu otchuka kwambiri. Kuwonjezera wambiri dziko, kuwonjezera malipiro, kulera ku Mulingo, kusintha udindo anayamba Gifting pakhosi zosonyeza woyenera, mphete, zokometsera zomanga, kuti akhoza kufooka mbali poyera thupi kapena zovala monga kusiyana wapadera kwa ena.

Dongosolo loyamba la Ufumu Russian

Maonekedwe a kanali koyamba zonse, ndi kufanana ndi anthu amene anawaika m'nthawi yathu, azambiriyakale, monga kale, amanena kuti nthawi ya Peter Wamkulu. Akulemekezedwa ndi lero Order Andreya Pervozvannogo Petro unakhazikitsidwa mu 1698. Tsiku lenileni la kudza kwake kumeneko, imaonekera mu mabuku ena amanena ndi 1699-TH. Ngakhale woyendayenda ku Europe, Petulo anaganiza kuti ndi nthawi kudziwa dziko ndi dongosolo la Russian Ufumu. chithunzi Order wa St. Andrew Mtumwi tsopano m'gulu mu mndandanda yakale.

Pa woyang'anira woyera wa mfumu anasankhidwa osati mwamwayi. Iye anafotokoza Mwambo Mpingo limatiuza nkhani ya ulaliki wachikristu woyamba wa St. Andrew pa nthaka Russian. Mu 1720, ndi mphoto unakhazikitsidwa udindo yomwe anafotokoza kuti kusiyana izi zachokera kwa yimitsira wa wakale Scottish Order - nzika za Mfumu ya Russia ayenera kutsatira miyambo Orthodox Christian.

Knights wa Order Andreya Pervozvannogo

Anayenera Order Andreya Pervozvannogo anali ya usilikali - ambiri ankhondo kapena oyenda ambiri. wake woyamba anakhala Knight a Fedor Alekseevich Golovin - nthumwi, mlangizi kwa Mfumu Peter woyamba achifumu asilikali amene anali Russian ndi kubadwila kuti admirals wake anamuika alendo amene ali mu utumiki wa mfumu. Madongosolo ndi mendulo ya Russian Ufumu pa nthawi mowolowa manja anagulitsa kwa alendo. kuti St. Andrew ndi tepi chinapezeka pa nthawi zosiyana za Napoleon Ine ndi mng'ono wake Jerome, ndi adzasonkhanitsa Berthier, ndi Murat, Prince Talleyrand ndi Duke ya Wellington.

Koma ngakhale pa ulamuliro wa Peter wachiwiri Knight a Order Andreya Pervozvannogo anakhala Hetman Ivan Mazepa - wokongola chidwi m'mbiri ya dziko. Okwana nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Peter zofukizira za Order anthu pafupifupi 40, kuphatikizapo mfumu (iye anali wachisanu ndi chiwiri wa Order la mwini) ndi phunziro ake okhulupirika kwa Alexander Menshikov.

Mu ulamuliro wa Paulo Ine Order Andreya Pervozvannogo anayamba kudandaula ndipo atsogoleri. Choncho, mu 1796 ndi Metropolitan a Novgorod ndi St. Petersburg Gabriel ali Andreev kanali.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa ena malamulo Russian

Dongosolo la Russian Ufumu, chopereka amene chidwi kukongola ndi ulemerero, anawaika pa tsars onse Russian. Mpaka ulamuliro wa Paulo, amene osati anayambitsa madalitso latsopano, koma linasintha malamulo a mphoto ya Order Andreya Pervozvannogo, achita zambiri, ndi Catherine Wamkulu. Ake November 26, 1769 Ufumu wake unakhazikitsidwa dongosolo la Woyera Great Martyr George ndi opambana. Kumanja kuvala izo anapatsidwa ndi tithe apamwamba kapitawo wa asilikali Russian. Iye amaitcha kuti zochita nkhondo, ngakhale kubadwa mkulu kapena Inagwira mofulumira Lathu sanathe kutumikira monga amapereka kwa awarding ndi Order - yekha kukhulupirika lumbiro, ntchito ndi ulemu, amene unabala. manja Russian. Order anali madigiri anayi.

chizindikiro china posiyanitsa, Wapamwamba wa Russian Ufumu - "Pakuti Chikhulupiriro okhulupirika" - linakhazikitsidwa ndi Peter yemweyo mu 1699, ndipo anali udindo wa mphoto apamwamba. asilikali ake adzakhale alonda asilikali ndi anthu wamba. Ine amaitcha kuti nthawi makamaka chosowa ulemu. Mtundu riboni anali buluu, digiri imodzi yokha. Zizindikiro za Order anali buluu mtanda ndi nyenyezi zisanu ndi zitatu zisonga. Kandachime ankavala pa lamba slung pa phewa lake lamanja, nyenyezi - kumanzere a chifuwa.

M'dzina la ndipo kwa ulemerero wa Order ya Russian

Mu 1725, dongosolo la Alexander Nevsky unakhazikitsidwa. "Russian Ufumu kukhala onyada," - Petro anati, dongosolo la kukhazikitsidwa kwa Order. Iwo mu 1710 linakhazikitsidwa ndi Alexander Nevsky ansembe yotchedwa mu St. Petersburg, komwe mu 1742, August 30, zotsalira za woyera anali anasamutsidwa. The mphoto analengedwa monga chizindikiro cha kusiyana kwa phindu asilikali ndi kupereka yekha kwa akuluakulu a asilikali.

Order "Svobozhdeniya" komanso anabadwa mwa Peter kupitirizabe zomwe wa Mfumukazi Catherine - mkazi wokondedwa wa mfumu, adzapulumutsa mu 1711 Mfumu ya ukapolo Prus. The mphoto chomwecho anabwera 1714 ndipo posakhalitsa anadzatchedwa dongosolo la St. Catherine.

chizindikiro m'dzina la Woyera Wofanana Atumwi Prince Vladimir Wamkulu, mu September 1782 woyamba unakhazikitsidwa ndi Mfumukazi Catherine II. chaka kuti ife phwando la chikumbutso cha 20 cha ulamuliro wake, ndi Knight loyamba la Order wa digirii ndinakhala Catherine yekha.

Dongosolo la Russian Ufumu makamaka anaonekera kukumbukira chochitika chofunika. Choncho, kukumbukira Mfumukazi Olga anaganiza immortalize mu Order ali chaposachedwapa. Chaka maziko ake - 1913th. Iye ndi Nicholas II chinali chikumbutso 300th wa Romanov mafumu unakhazikitsidwa.

Dongosolo la ufumu monga chinyezimiro cha boma mpingo

Mu tsarist Russia Sichangozi ndi mphoto ambiri anali Orthodox maina woyera. Indivisibility cha ulamuliro wa pa tchalitchi ndi boma zinali zobvomerezeka ndi maphwando ndi anthu onse m'dzikomo nthawi zonse za ufumuwo. Chifukwa kupitirizabe mazana atatu chikumbutso cha m'nyumba ya mfumu anali kupereka Woyera Olga, amene mu 955 anapangidwa Sacramenti ya ubatizo pa ulendo wake ku Constantinople. Olga ndi mdzukulu - Vladimir Wamkulu - pambuyo lodziwika bwino "mayeso zikhulupiriro" m'njira iliyonse kuyesera kuphunzitsa choonadi ndi anthu ake onse pa kuika agogo ake chitsanzo woyenera. Canonized Mfumukazi Olga, ngakhale machimo ake onse ndi kuwumitsa mtima, pakuti kuchitira woona chikhulupiriro woyera.

Ngati inuyo mumaona kuti mndandanda wonse wa mphoto, unakhazikitsidwa mu ufumu Russia, n'zoonekeratu kuti mphoto kawirikawiri anali sanavale dzina woyera Orthodox. Ndi dongosolo la Russian Ufumu anadzatchedwa, osati chifukwa cha chikondi cha Peter ndi mkazi wake.

Ufulu ndi mendulo chamadzulo. zimayambitsa

akusiyanira nonse muli sanali madongosolo ambiri, mmene mendulo ambiri ndi mabaji, kukumbukira ndi zosatheka mndandanda - zikwi za iwo. Ambiri anaonekera zinthuzo wosaiwalika wa chikhalidwe zandale kapena zankhondo. Ngati ife kulankhula za makolo achifumu zosonkhanitsira umafunika, ndi dzanja kuwala kwa Peter izo unakhazikitsidwa mendulo chochitika ambiri. Pa iwo mukhoza kuphunzira mbiri ya boma Russian.

Choncho, atapambana pa Poltava nkhondo, Nkhondo ya Gangut, Borodino, anali chikalata mendulo yoyenera kuti kupereka anthu makamaka wolemekezeka nawo ntchito zimenezi usilikali. Anatenga Izmail, chitetezo cha Sevastopol, kugonjetsedwa kwa Napoleon pa Austerlitz, Suvorov Kufika Alps. Zonsezi - ndi zikuluzikulu za mbiri, ndipo aliyense wa iwo akuuza malamulo okhazikitsidwa ndi mendulo ya Russian Ufumu. Kudzakhala kofunika kudziwa chakuti Russia - woyamba Ulaya kumene mendulo anapatsidwa tithe alonda mkulu yokha, komanso asilikali wamba.

Kusonkhanitsa mphoto: yoyambirira yeniyeni ndipo makope

Kupanga malamulo lachifumu chofunika ngale ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali: golide, pulatinamu, siliva, poyamba ofunika apamwamba kuposa mu nthawi yathu. Iwo amapangidwa ndi timbewu tonunkhira, zipangizo mlandu kunachitidwa ndi rigor kwambiri. Miyala ya diamondi wotchuka kwambiri, ndi mtengo analinso zamtengo wapatali, emeralds, nofeki. Nkosafuna kunena kuti mipukutu yoyambirira yeniyeni ndi zizindikiro za madongosolo a Russian ufumu mu nthawi yathu yopanda phindu - kupatula zakale imeneyo chidwi simungathe iliyonse wokhometsa, ndi zambiri padziko lonse.

Ndi manyazi ndi zimene kaso ambiri a iwo ochepa okha, koma ndi ufulu kuona kukongola uyu ali uliwonse. Chimodzimodzi anakambirana anayambitsa mndandanda wa "Order ya Russian Ufumu," "AIF" - wotchuka kwambiri mu Russia ndi m'dziko kale malo mlungu Soviet. Pa nthawi imeneyo, "Mikangano ndi zoonadi 'kale anali zinachitikira, ndipo ndithu bwinobwino, kutulutsa angapo a magazini zopereka malangizo.

Zosonkhanitsa wa nyuzipepala "Mikangano ndi zoonadi '

Pakali pano, mazana a ku Russia, kuwerenga mbiri ya Lathu awo, ife tiri nawo kale ikusonyezera magazini ndi mwambo m'njira mphoto mlungu enieni replicas la Soviet Union. Pali ntchito zosiyanasiyana awo kusiyana apamwamba angapo kumayiko ena. Collection "Order ya Russian Ufumu," "AIF" kupangidwa ndi analenga zaka zingapo zapitazo - m'chaka cha 2012, koma wachititsa kale ndi chipwirikiti ndithu mabwalo wokhometsa.

Bwaloli buku la malamulo 22, kufalitsa mfundo yeniyeni yoyambirira yeniyeni, koma, mwachibadwa, zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zosungunula yosavuta chokongoletsedwa ndi enamels otentha. The zida zikuphatikizapo Order magazini, limene limafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mbiri ya pakutchulidwa malamulo, ndi mphoto wokha, komanso m'mabuku olemekezeka ndi wolemekezeka njonda onse, mu zaka zosiyanasiyana mphoto chilemba cha kusiyana. Kupatula malamulo iwo amene akhala ali pamwambawa, zosonkhanitsira zikuphatikizapo baji ndi Star ya usilikali Order ulemu, wa Order wa St. Anne, St. Stanislaus, St. John wa Yerusalemu, St. Nikolaya Chudotvortsa, mphoto zina zingapo. Onse a iwo, monga zanenedwa, ndi makumi awiri.

Zizindikiro. Nyenyezi. Order

Awarding ndi Order zikutanthauza osati kulimbikitsa phindu. No zochepa wapatali chinali chifukwa chakuti dongosolo anatumikira monga ngati mwayi zina mu kukwezedwa, ndi pamaso pa munda wa Order mu 1826 anapereka ufulu kwa otchuka cholowa. Komabe, mwayi umenewu ndiye anasiya njonda zochepa za mphoto apamwamba.

Malamulo apamwamba a Russian Ufumu pamaso zitasintha, pali mayina eyiti, koma ena a iwo m'magawo angapo. Zizindikiro chosiyana anali mtanda, nyenyezi ndi maliboni. The Order ya Cross linali lofika ku lamba wa pamimba, wolema pa phewa ndi wolema pa mlingo wake ntchafu. Star ya Order ankavala pa chifuwa. The tepi ya mtundu wina adali ndi mtengo chomwecho, monga pa Mtanda ndipo Star. Choncho, Wapamwamba ali atatu okha zimasiyanitsa chizindikiro zambiri kufooka imodzi. Mwangwiro wamkazi mphoto, ndipo panali wogwidwa mofanana ndi anthu onse chodalira maudindo malamulo.

Museum zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho - umboni ulemerero wa ufumu

Ku Russia ali ambiri woyenera ulemu kwa nyumbayi, muli zakale wapatali zimene zimasonyeza ulemerero waukulu wa Dziko Lathu. Mu mmodzi wa iwo - kowonera zakale-chuma "amadutsa popita Kosungira Zida" - kusunga yoyambirira yeniyeni ya miinjiro mfumu, korona, zizindikiro za mphamvu wachifumu. mtundu A salinso zakale, zapamwamba za zinthu za mtengo wapatali za luso mbiri. Dongosolo la Russian Ufumu ndi woyenera chotero zakale, koma yoyambirira yeniyeni zasungidwa mu mphoto wachifumu makamaka zopereka payekha.

Panopa, yekha ndi njira zambiri kugula dongosolo lenileni, Russian mafumu - kupezeka mitundu yonse ya amagulitsa nsombazo, kumene nthawi zambiri inadza zolembedwa. Koma pofuna kugula iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti ndalama zochuluka. Ambiri a ife Kufikika ndithu replicas awo, opangidwa miyala yamtengo wapatali masitolo ambiri. Pamene makope ntchito kasakaniza wazitsulo sanali akakhala, timibulu Swarovski. mankhwala ndi takambiranazi kwambiri mtengo luso ndi mu ankafuna mkulu pakati okhometsa.

Zotsatira za mphamvu kwambiri osonyezedwa masiku ano

Monga tanenera kale, baji wa Russian Ufumu m'gulu ndi malamba. Onse a iwo anali ndi mtundu wapadera kwa aliyense mphoto. Atatu a iwo a Order wa St. George, St. Andreya Pervozvannogo ndi St. Catherine (kale - dongosolo la Kutulutsidwa), linakonzedwa kupita wapadera - kukhala zizindikiro za nthawi yathu.

Mtengo wa St. George riboni amadziwika kuti aliyense wa ife - pa Tsiku la chigonjetso chachikulu pa Fascism wakukhomerwa pachifuwa zonse - kuyambira wamng'ono mpaka lalikulu. Andreev buluu riboni ndi yofiira Catherine utumikiwu. Chosiyana zizindikiro malamulo a Russian Ufumu bwino kuti kuyambira tili ana.

Mu ulamuliro wa mwambo woyamba Paulo anadziŵa perekani Grand Atsogoleri Akuimira Ndani ubatizo Order Andreya Pervozvannogo - buluu lamba wa pamimba amanga yomweyo pambuyo wotchula. Grand Duchess ndinalandira mendulo ndipo maliboni - wofiira ndi malire golide - zizindikiro za Order wa St. Catherine. Akuluakulu pofuna aakazi tsoka madona, anayambitsa mwambo kuvala wofiira riboni anabatizidwa awo aakazi. Mwambo watsikira kwa nthawi yathu, ndi umboni bwino za ukulu ndi ubwino wa zaulemu kwambiri lachifumu.