Wolemba nyimbo wa ku Italy Rossini: biography, chilengedwe, mbiri ya moyo ndi ntchito zabwino

Italy ndi dziko lodabwitsa. Kaya chikhalidwecho chiri chapadera, kapena anthu omwe amakhala mmenemo akukhala zachilendo, koma ntchito yabwino kwambiri yadziko lapansi imagwirizana ndi dziko la Mediterranean. Nyimbo ndi tsamba losiyana pa moyo wa anthu a ku Italy. Funsani aliyense wa iwo dzina la Rossini wamkulu wa Italy, ndipo mupeze yankho lolondola nthawi yomweyo.

Belented Belcanto Belcher

Zikuwoneka kuti chidziwitso cha nyimbo ndizofunikira kwa aliyense wokhala mu peninsula ya Apennine mwa chilengedwe chokha. Sizodziwika kuti mawu onse oimba omwe amalembedwa polemba zambiri amachokera ku Chilatini.

N'zosatheka kulingalira munthu wa ku Italy yemwe sakudziwa kuimba bwino. Kuimba kokongola, m'Chilatini bel canto, ndi njira yeniyeni ya ku Italy yopanga nyimbo zoimba. Rossini wojambula adadziwika padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha nyimbo zake zokondweretsa, zomwe zinapangidwa mwatsatanetsatane.

Ku Ulaya, mtambo wamakono unabwera kumapeto kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu ndi zisanu ndi zinayi zapitazo. Zinganenedwe kuti Rossini wotchuka wotchuka wa ku Italy anabadwa pa nthawi yabwino kwambiri komanso pamalo abwino kwambiri. Kodi iye anali wokondedwa wa tsogolo? N'zosakayikitsa. Mwachiwonekere, chifukwa cha kupambana kwake mu mphatso yaumulungu ya talente komanso khalidwe lake. Ndipo pambali pake, ndondomeko yopanga nyimbo inali yovuta kwambiri. Ma Melodies anabadwira pamutu wa wothandizira momasuka mosavuta - khalani ndi nthawi yolemba.

Ubwana wa wopanga

Dzina lenileni la wolemba Rossini limawoneka ngati Gioacchino Antonio Rossini. Iye anabadwa pa February 29, 1792 mumzinda wa Pesaro. Mwanayo anali wokongola kwambiri. "Adonis wamng'ono" - ndi dzina la Rossini wa ku Italy ali mwana. Mancinelli yemwe anali wojambula, yemwe anali pakhoma pa tchalitchi cha Saint Ubaldo, anapempha chilolezo kwa makolo ake kuti aimirire Gioacchino m'modzi mwa mafashoni. Anasindikiza mu mawonekedwe a mwana, amene mngeloyo akulozera njira yopita kumwamba.

Makolo ake, ngakhale kuti analibe maphunziro apadera a ntchito, anali oimba. Amayi, Anna Gvidarini-Rossini anali ndi soprano yokongola kwambiri ndipo ankaimba nyimbo zoimbira za seweroli, ndipo bambo ake, Giuseppe Antonio Rossini, nayenso analiimba lipenga ndi nyanga ya France.

Mwana yekhayo m'banja, Gioakkino anazunguliridwa ndi chisamaliro osati makolo okha, komanso amalume ambiri, amalume, agogo ndi agogo ake.

Ntchito zoyimba zoyamba

Poyesa kulemba nyimbo, iye anayamba, atangotenga mwayi wolemba zida zoimbira. Zambiri za mnyamata wa zaka khumi ndi zinayi zikuwoneka zokhutiritsa. Mmenemo muli zoonekeratu kuti zizoloŵezi za opera zomanga zida zoimbira - zovomerezeka zamagwiridwe kaŵirikaŵiri zimatsindikizidwa, momwe zimakhalira, nyimbo zoimba zimagonjetsedwa.

Laibulale ya US Congress imasunga ma seti asanu ndi a sonatas pa quartet. Iwo ali a 1806 chaka.

"Mphika wa Seville": mbiriyakale ya ntchitoyi

Padziko lonse, wolemba nyimbo Rossini, amadziwika kuti ndi mlembi wa opera opera "The Barber of Seville", koma ochepa akhoza kunena zomwe zinali mbiri ya maonekedwe ake. Dzina loyambirira la opera ndi "Almaviva, kapena Vain Precaution". Chowonadi ndi chakuti "Chophimba cha Seville" panthawi imeneyo chinalipo kale. Chowombera choyamba chosewera ndi Beaumarchais chinalembedwa ndi Giovanni Paisiello wolemekezeka. Ntchito yake ndi kupambana kwakukulu idapita pamaseŵera a zisewera ku Italy.

Teatro Argentino anapanga maestro aang'ono kuti azichita masewera a masewera. Zolembedwa zonse, zopangidwa ndi wolemba, zinakanidwa. Rossini anafunsa Paisiello kuti amulole kulemba zojambula zake pa playum ya Beaumarchais. Iye samaganizira. Wolemekezeka wotchedwa "The Barber of Seville" Rossini anapangidwa masiku 13.

Zoyamba ziwiri ndi zotsatira zosiyana

Choyambacho chinachitika ndi kulephera kumva. Kawirikawiri, opera imeneyi imaphatikizapo zochitika zambiri zamabodza. Makamaka, kutaya kwa mpikisano. Icho chinali potpourri nyimbo zambiri zachimwemwe. Rossini wojambula anayenera kubwera mwamsanga ndi malo a masamba otaika. M'mapepala ake, ndondomeko zasungidwa ku opera The Case Strange yolembedwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo ndi opera yaitali oiwalika. Pogwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwakukulu, anaphatikiza nyimbo zosavuta komanso zosavuta zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu opera yatsopano. Ntchito yachiwiri inali yachigonjetso. Imeneyi inali njira yoyamba yopita ku mbiri yapadziko lonse ya wolemba nyimbo, ndipo nyimbo zake zoimbira nyimbo zikukondweretsabe pakati pa anthu.

Iye analibe zochitika zina zovuta zokhudzana ndi zopangidwa.

Ulemerero wa wolemba mwamsanga unkafika ngakhale ku Ulaya konse. Nkhani zosungidwa zokhudza dzina la Rossini anzake. Heinrich Heine ankamuona iye "Sun of Italy" ndipo amatchedwa "Divine Maestro".

Austria, England ndi France m'moyo wa Rossini

Pambuyo kupambana kwawo ku Rossini ndi Isabella Colbran anapita kukagonjetsa Vienna. Apa iye anali atadziwika kale ndipo ankadziwika kuti ndi wolemba nyimbo wapamwamba kwambiri. Anamuwombera ndi Schumann, ndipo Beethoven, wakhungu kwambiri panthawiyi, adayamikira ndipo adalangiza kuti asasiye njira ya opera.

Paris ndi London anakumana ndi wolemba nyimboyo mwachidwi. Ku France, Rossini anakhala nthawi yaitali.

Paulendo wake wautali, adalemba ndi kupanga maofesi ake ambiri pamalo abwino kwambiri a Moscow. Maestro ankachitidwa bwino ndi mafumu ndipo adadziwana ndi anthu otchuka kwambiri muzojambula ndi ndale.

Ku France, Rossini adzabweranso ndipo kumapeto kwa moyo kudzapatsidwa matenda a m'mimba. Ku Paris, wolemba nyimboyo adzafa. Izi zidzachitika pa November 13, 1868.

"Wilhelm Tell" - opera yotsiriza ya wopanga

Rossini sakonda kukhala ndi nthawi yochuluka pa ntchito. Kawirikawiri mu ma opaleshoni atsopano amagwiritsa ntchito zofanana, zomwe amaganizira nthawi yaitali. Pa opera iliyonse yatsopano, nthawi zambiri sizinatenge nthawi yoposa mwezi. Zonsezi, wolemba analemba analemba 39.

Anapereka "Wilhelm Tell" kwa miyezi yonse isanu ndi umodzi. Maphwando onse adalemba mwatsopano, osagwiritsa ntchito zolemba zakale.

Mndandanda wa nyimbo za asilikali a ku Austria omwe akuukira ndi Rossini ndi osauka, osasangalatsa komanso ovuta. Ndipo kwa anthu a ku Switzerland, omwe anakana kumvera akapolowo, wolemba nyimboyo, analemba mosiyana, phokoso lopambana. Anagwiritsa ntchito nyimbo zowerengeka za abusa a Alpine ndi Tyrolean, kuwonjezera kwa iwo kusintha kwa Italy ndi ndakatulo.

Mu August 1829 choyamba cha opera chinachitika. Mfumu ya France Carl X anasangalala ndipo anapatsidwa Rossini Chigamulo cha Honorary Legion. Omverawo anachita zinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri za opera. Choyamba, zomwezo zinatambasula maola anayi, ndipo kachiwiri, zojambula zatsopano za zojambula zojambulazo zinali zovuta kuzizindikira.

M'masiku akutsatira, kayendedwe ka zisudzo kanachepetsa ntchito. Rossini adakwiya ndipo adanyozedwa kwambiri.

Ngakhale kuti opera imeneyi inakhudza kwambiri kupititsa patsogolo mafilimu opera, monga momwe adawonera pazochitika za heroic genre ndi Gaetano Donizetti, Giuseppe Verdi ndi Vincenzo Bellini, "Wilhelm Tell" tsopano sakhala pa siteji.

Revolution mu opera

Rossini anapanga masitepe awiri ofunika kuti apange zamakono zamakono. Iye anali woyamba kulembera pamapepala onse omveka ndi mawu omveka bwino komanso opindulitsa. Poyambirira, oimba ankachita nawo maphwando awo, monga momwe ankafunira.

Chinthu chatsopano chinali chotsatira chotsatira nyimbo. Mu opera-seria, izi zinapereka mpata wopanga mapulogalamu opangira mapeto.

Mapeto a ntchito yolemba

Akatswiri a mbiri yakale ndi akatswiri a mbiri yakale sanafike pampangano, zomwe zinachititsa kuti Rossi asiye ntchito ya oimba nyimbo. Iye mwini adanena kuti anali atakhala ndi ukalamba wokhazikika, ndipo adasokoneza moyo wawo wonse. Ngati anali ndi ana, ndithudi adzapitiriza kulemba nyimbo ndikuyika mafilimu ake opera.

Ntchito yomaliza ya oimbayo inali opera "Wilhelm Tell". Anali ndi zaka 37. Pambuyo pake nthawi zina ankachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, koma sanabwererenso ku zolembera zolemba.

Kuphika - nthawi yosangalatsa ya maestro

Chikondi chachiwiri chachikulu cha Rossini chinali kuphika. Ankavutika kwambiri chifukwa cha kunyalanyaza kwake kwa mbale zoyeretsedwa. Kusiya moyo wa nyimbo za anthu, iye sanakhale wosokonezeka. Nyumba yake nthawi zonse inali yodzaza ndi alendo, zikondwerero zinali zodzaza ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi zomwe maestro anazipanga okha. Mungaganize kuti maofesiwa adamupatsa mwayi wopeza ndalama zokwanira, kotero kuti pamtunda wa zaka ndi mtima wake wonse amadzipereka yekha kuzinthu zomwe amakonda.

Maukwati Awiri

Gioacchino Rossini anakwatira kawiri. Mkazi wake woyamba, Isabella Colbran, mwiniwake wa soprano yochititsa chidwi ya Mulungu, anachita mbali zonse zaumtima m'magetsi a maestro. Iye anali wamkulu zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kuposa mwamuna wake. Kodi mkazi wake, Rossini, anam'konda? Zithunzi za woimbayo sizinena za izi, komanso Rossini mwiniwake, akuganiza kuti mgwirizano umenewu unali wamalonda kuposa chikondi.

Mkazi wake wachiwiri, Olympia Pelissier, anakhala mnzake kwa moyo wake wonse. Anatsogolera kukhala mwamtendere ndipo anali osangalala pamodzi. Rossini sanalembenso nyimbo, kupatulapo maulamuliro awiri - Misa ya Katolika "Amayi a Chisoni" (1842) ndi "The Mass" (1863).

Mizinda itatu ya Italy, yofunika kwambiri kwa wopanga

Anthu okhala m'midzi itatu ya Italy akudandaula kuti Rossini ndi wochokera kwawo. Yoyamba ndi malo obadwira a Gioacchino, mzinda wa Pesaro. Yachiwiri ndi Bologna, kumene anakhala nthawi yayitali komanso analemba ntchito zake zazikulu. Mzinda wachitatu ndi Florence. Pano, mu Tchalitchi cha Santa Croce, wolemba mabuku wa ku Italy D. Rossini anaikidwa m'manda. Anatulutsira phulusa lake ku Paris, ndipo wojambula zithunzi zokongola Giuseppe Cassioli anapanga mwala wamtengo wapatali.

Rossini mu mabuku

Mbiri ya Rossini, Gioacchino Antonio, adafotokozedwa ndi anthu a m'nthawi yake ndi abwenzi m'mabuku angapo ofotokozera, komanso mu maphunziro ambiri a luso. Anali ndi zaka makumi atatu pamene buku loyamba la olemba, lofotokozedwa ndi Frederic Stendhal, linafalitsidwa. Zimatchedwa Rossini's Life.

Bwenzi lina lolemba mabuku, wojambula mabuku wina dzina lake Alexander Dumas, analongosola bukuli mwachidule "Chakudya ku Rossini, kapena Ophunzira Awiri ochokera ku Bologna." Mkhalidwe wokondweretsa komanso wokondweretsa wa Italiya wamkulu umagwidwa m'nkhani zambiri ndi zolemba zapamwamba zosungidwa ndi amzake ndi anzake.

Pambuyo pake, mabuku osiyana adasindikizidwa ndi nthano zowonongeka ndi zosangalatsa.

Anthu olemba mbiri zakale sanachitenso chidwi ndi Italiya wamkuluyo. Mu 1991, Mario Monicelli anapereka filimu yake yokhudza Rossini ndi Sergio Castellito pa udindo wawo.