Zinenero zopangira ndi tanthauzo lake

Aliyense amadziwa zomwe zinenero zachilengedwe zili. Ndipo ngati simukudziwa, ndiye osaganiza - chifukwa amalankhulidwa ndi anthu onse padziko lapansi. Koma kuti tipewe chisokonezo, n'zotheka kuwapatsa tanthauzo lotere - ichi ndi chipatso cha kuyankhulana kwa anthu, komwe kwasintha ndi kusintha kwa zaka mazana ambiri, ndipo yakhudzidwa ndi miyambo, miyambo ndi mbiri yakale. Pafupifupi zinenero zonse ndi zachilengedwe: ndi Chirasha, ndi Chingerezi, ndi Chinois, ndi Chijeremani, ndi Chimwenye, ndi ena ambiri. Zingakhale zophweka ndi zovuta; Ndipo wamba, ndi wamba; Ndi maiko akunja, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziko lawo lomwe.

Ndipo ndi ziyankhulo zotani? Nchifukwa chiyani iwo akutchedwa izo? Kodi iwo anafika bwanji? Nchifukwa chiyani amafunikira?

Zinenero zopanga zida zinalengedwa ndi anthu ndipo sizinakhudzidwe ndi miyambo ndi zochitika zakale. Pogwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo chotere, dikishonaleyi ingapangidwe kuchokera kumalo ena omwe alipo, komanso kuchokera m'mazinenero osiyanasiyana. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwacho n'kotheka kokha kwa kagulu kakang'ono ka anthu omwe aphunzira kuphunzira chilankhulo choterechi, ndipo malamulo ake nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta. Kumvetsetsa kwa zinsinsi za zilankhulo zotere, monga lamulo, kumachitidwa ndi ochepa kwambiri, makamaka akatswiri a zinenero.

Komabe, ali ndi zilankhulo zopindula komanso ubwino wawo: angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ojambula zithunzi, amakhala okonzeka kulankhula zachinsinsi, mothandizidwa kuti mutha kudzidzidziza muntchito, ngati olembawo akunena mofanana.

Mpaka lero, pali zinenero zambiri zomwe zimapangidwa ndi munthu. Koma otchuka kwambiri ndi asanu okha.

Volyapyuk - imodzi mwa zilankhulo zoyamba kupanga - inapangidwa ndi German. Chifukwa cha kuphweka kwake ndi zachilendo (mawu onse a chinenero ichi anapangidwa ndi wolemba) volyapyuk mwamsanga kufalikira, kwa nthawi ndithu sikunangolankhulidwa kokha, koma komanso nyuzipepala.

Esperanto, monga volyapyuk, inayamba m'zaka za zana la 19 ndipo inali yotchuka kwambiri kuposa yoyamba. Mu Chiesperanto, mawu adalandiridwa kuchokera ku zinenero zambiri zachilengedwe, makamaka, kuchokera ku magulu a Asilavic, Chikondi ndi Chijeremani. Chiesperanto chimalankhulidwa mpaka lero, ngakhale anthu amakhala kwa omwe iwo ali mbadwa. Izi zimapezeka m'mabanja apadziko lonse, kumene okwatirana amayankhulana wina ndi mzake m'Chisperanto, ndipo ana amaphunzira kuyambira ali mwana.

Ido ndi fano lachi Esperanto, lopangidwa ndi Mfalansa Louis Couture ndi Dane Otto Espersen. Komabe, sanapambane kutchuka monga Esperanto.

Quenya ndi chomwe chimatchedwa "chinenero cha elves", cholembedwa ndi wolemba wotchuka wotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse Tolkien. Linalengedwa malinga ndi zilankhulo zakale za gulu la Germany . Iye ndi wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa mafani a ntchito yake.

Slovianski ndi chinenero chaching'ono kwambiri, chomwe chinalengedwa mu 2006, kuti zithandize mgwirizano wa mayiko pakati pa Asilavo. Slovianski ndi chiyankhulo chomveka bwino kwa pafupifupi onse olankhula zilankhulo za Slavic, kuphatikizapo Russia, Ukrainians, Croats, Czech, Bulgarians ndi Belarusians.

Potero, pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha Esperanto ndi Slovia, wina angaganize kuti zinenero zopangira zida zingapindulitse poyankhula olankhula zinenero zosiyanasiyana.

Komabe, uwu si mapeto a zokambirana za zinenero. M'magulu osiyana ndikofunikira kupereka zilankhulidwe zachilengedwe komanso zopangira, komanso mwatsatanetsatane.

Choncho, ku Czech Republic kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 pafupifupi anthu onse analankhula Chijeremani, ndipo chiCzech chinayiwalika. Zolembedwa zinalankhulidwa m'madera akumidzi, ndipo ngakhale amphawi ochokera m'midzi yosiyanasiyana sakanamvetsetsana. Atazindikira za tsoka lachilankhulo chawo, chibadwidwe cha Czech chinayambanso kubwezeretsa, chomwe chinali chopambana kwambiri. Chinthu china n'chakuti mpaka lero, buku la Czech colloquial ndi Czech ndi lofanana, koma losiyana ndi zinenero.

Nkhani yofananayo inachitika ndi Chiheberi, chomwe cha m'ma 1900 panalibe amene analankhula. Ayi, silinayiwalike - ilo linasindikiza nyuzipepala, Ayuda ochokera m'mayiko osiyana ankagwiritsa ntchito izo kuti azilankhulana, koma sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito mu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo mawu ochulukirapo mmenemo sanali chabe. Choncho, pofuna kuti atsitsimutse chilankhulochi, kunali kofunikira osati kuti anthu azikumbukira za izo, komanso kuti apange mawu atsopano.

Kuyesera kubwezeretsa kwapangidwe kunayanjananso motsutsana ndi wina, pafupifupi osadziwika, chinenero - kafarevus, koma sichinapambane.