Zojambulajambula Rembrandt Van Reyn: yonena, zilandiridwenso

Art zimapangitsa moyo kukhala wosangalatsa ndi wokongola. Pali anthu amene adzakhala mu kukumbukira kwa zaka zambiri, ntchito ya umene anatengera onse a mibadwo latsopano.

Nditawerenga nkhani imeneyi, mudzakhala pafupi kumvetsa cholowa cha zojambulajambula, amene anasiya mbuye chachikulu - zojambulajambula Rembrandt Van Reyn.

yonena

Masiku ano, anamucha mwini mithunzi, komanso munthu amene angakhoze kuchiyika mwamtheradi mavuto pa chinsalu cha. Kenako, ife tione njira ya moyo kuti iye anali kupita.

Rembrandt Harmensz Van Reyn (1606-1669) anabadwira ku Netherlands, mumzinda wa Leiden. Kuyambira ndili mwana anali ndi chidwi kupenta, ndi zaka 13 anaphunzira luso chabwino pa Yakobo Van Svanenbyurha, umene ndi zojambulajambula zakale.

Patatha izi, ndi yodziwika kuti Rembrandt zaka 17 anaphunzitsidwa pansi Pieter Lastman, anafika ku Amsterdam. mphunzitsi wake makamaka zolinga m'Baibulo ndi nthano.

Wachita ntchito ya

Kale 21 zaka Rembrandt Van Reyn ndi mnzake anatsegula msonkhano pa chojambula ndipo anali zida zonse wophunzira ndi makalasi luso. Panapita zaka zingapo, ndipo wakhala wotchuka ndi ena monga mbuye wa luso lake.

Pamodzi ndi bwenzi lake Lievens ali kale pa nthawi kulenga katswiri, ndipo iwo anawona Constantine Huygens, amene anali mlembi wa Prince ya Orange. Chithunzi ndi Yuda anaitana mmodzi wa ntchito yabwino ya luso la masiku amakedzana. Iye zatenganso mbali mu chitukuko cha chithunzicho, kuthandiza kukhazikitsa ojambula ndi makasitomala olemera.

moyo watsopano Amsterdam

Ndi 1631 Rembrandt Van Reyn kwapita wonse Amsterdam. Moyo mu mzinda wonse wa malamulo waukulu makasitomala amene anaona ngati wojambula kwambiri achinyamata. Pa nthawi imeneyo, bwenzi lake anayamba kuphunzira England, kumene anayesanso bwino pansi pa mothandizidwa ndi mphunzitsi watsopano.

Nthawiyi, wojambula anayamba kugona mu chifanizo cha anthu. Amacita cidwi ndi nkhope ya munthu aliyense, iye akuyesera kuyetsa mitu utoto wa anthu. Rembrandt Van Reyn anatha molondola zinthu zonse ichi ndiyankhula wa m'diso la munthu amene analemba mwaluso.

Ndicho zithunzi nthawi anabweretsa wojambula akaikwera. Komanso, ankakonda ndi kudzikonda zithunzi. Mungapeze zambiri za ntchito zake, amene anasonyeza yekha zovala kungoganiza ndi mikanjo chidwi kuika.

ulemerero nthawi

Kuvomereza chilengedwe Amsterdam, Rembrandt Harmenszoon Van Reyn anapeza pambuyo kupenta "The kaswili Phunziro la Dr. Nicolaes Tulp" mu 1632, pamene iye anajambula dokotala amene anaphunzitsa Dr. dissect chitsanzo cha mtembo wa.

Ngati inu muyang'ana pa chithunzi ichi, tikuona kuti mzere chabwino, ndi mbuye zotsatirazi mawu a aliyense wa iwo. Si nkhope chabe a anthu, anatha kupereka chonse mosamala kutengeka wa gulu lonse la ana asukulu.

Ndiyeno, pamene iye anajambula mthunzi pa cithunzithunzi, Ndinachita chidwi ndi akatswiri ambiri pa nthawiyo. Iwo anayamba ndi mawu amodzi kunena kuti Rembrantd Harmensz Van Reyn ali okhwima pamodzi ndi zojambula wake.

Tikhoza kunena kuti tsopano chimodzi cha yabwino kwambiri moyo achinyamata ziboliboli. Pambuyo ukwati wake Saskia galimoto Uylenburgh mu 1634. Magulu anagwa pansi pa mutu wake ndi liwiro limene iye analibe nthawi kujambula.

Mu zaka zoyambirira za moyo mu mzinda watsopano wa oposa 50 zojambula anatha kulemba achinyamata Rembrandt Van Reyn. Zojambulazo anali wapadera ndi kumpanga weniweni, za chilengedwe ake si olemba chabe adakumbukira. Mwachitsanzo, Joost galimoto khola Vondel, yemwe anali wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka Wolemba wina, analipira msonkho kwa wolemba mu ndakatulo ake olembedwa za iwo chithunzi cha Cornelis Ancelot.

Pa nthawi imeneyo, iye anali ndi ndalama zokwanira kugula nyumba yake. Adatengedwa ndi luso ndi kuphunzira upamwamba ndi ntchito za ambuye ena, anadzaza nyumba yake monga ntchito za m'nthawi yake, komanso zolengedwa akale.

domesticity

art lero otsutsa lozani ntchito zabwino za nthawi, analemba kuti Rembrandt Van Reyn. Zithunzi za mkazi wake Saskia zovala zosiyana ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana kuti mbuye kukhwima kwathunthu ndipo anayamba kulenga luso lawo pa nsalu zokha ayi.

Panali chisoni - ana atatu, amene anaonekera izo pa ukwati, anamwalira mu m'badwo yaing'ono. Koma mu 1641 banjalo mwana, Tito, amene anali ndi kubwereketsa wa makolo achinyamata. Mofulumira nthawi yaikulu okhala pa pachithunzipa ziboliboli "mwana wolowerera mu nyumba za alendo."

chochitika zosasangalatsa

Komanso yonena za Rembrandt Van Reyna ayamba kuti ngakhale mdima mithunzi. A chaka atabadwa akufa mkazi mwana wake.

Monga mu zaka kale, m'maganizo chachikulu wojambula nthaŵi zonse anamukankha kulenga zojambula ndi zithunzi zina za m'Baibulo. Kuti yekha ndi kupenta wake "nsembe ya Abraham," analemba mu 1635! Choncho bwino kusonyeza kutengeka ndi maganizo, muyamba nkhawa kuti ayenera zimaphethira, ngati mpeni kupyoza mpaka mu thupi.

Zaluso yofanana ndi kumverera amalowerera kusamutsa zithunzi zokha amene amapanga bwinobwino mothamanga. Inde, sukhala mphamvu zake kusonyeza chikhalidwe cha zinthu ankachitira ndingaliro ya mbuye kwambiri.

Yambani mavuto

Pa imfa mkazi wake siinalekezere kulephera kwa chithunzicho. Malingaliro a chithunzicho anasintha pang'onopang'ono. Kenako achinyamata Rembrandt Van Reyn, amene ntchito anamusilira m'nthawi.

Mu 1642, iye anapatsidwa mwayi waukulu kuti kujambula chithunzi cha Musketeers, amene anali anaikidwa mu sharpshooters nyumba yatsopano. Icho chinali chimodzi zojambula lalikulukulu lomwe linayamba analemba mbuye - kufika mamita anayi.

Malinga ndi masomphenya 'makasitomala wa mmisiri anali kulenga chithunzi cha msilikali wamba amene limatulutsa mphamvu ndi chidaliro. Mwatsoka, wojambula Rembrandt Van Reyn unachita ntchito lokha.

Monga mmene taonera mu kupenta "The Night Watch", chomwe chili m'munsimu, ntchito yake sangathe adzatchedwa chithunzi. Pa nsalu limasonyeza yokonza powonekera lonse ku kampani mfuti ndi kukwera mwadzidzidzi.

Ndipo inu mukhoza kuwona momwe atapanga gulu pa cipangizo. Izi ndi chimango osiyana mu moyo wa msilikali. Panali kwambiri kukwiya kwa makasitomala pa chochitika ichi. Ena Musketeers anali anangolemba chakumbuyo ndipo munthu ankachita chinali okhala kovuta.

Komanso kuunika lakuthwa ndi mthunzi, zomwe mwina palibe amene sanathe momveka ndi molimba mtima kusonyeza pa lona, ndipo si amene anayambitsa kwabasi.

Pambuyo pake, Rembrandt Van Reyn, ntchito imene dzulo yekha ankatengedwa imodzi yabwino, zitsulo amakhala si ndi udindo waukulu chidwi anthu. Ndipo izo zimatanthauza pa nthawi, ndi kuti malamulo mtengo kuchita izo, palibe amene adzatero.

Tangoganizirani munthu amene moyo wake wonse pa mlingo waukulu, kenako mwadzidzidzi anataya gwero lake ndalama. Kodi anatha amakana moyo mwachizolowezi?

dongosolo lino la mwatsatanetsatane chofunika

Ophunzira ake pang'onopang'ono kusiya. Rembrandt masomphenya pang'onopang'ono kosagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a nthawi - mumaganiza latsopano anali ku mbali ya mwatsatanetsatane pazipita. Ndiko kuti, ngati wojambula anayamba kujambula mmene anachitira mwana, iye adzakhala kufunika ndithu kwa iyo.

Koma moyo sizimadziwika, ngati munthu weniweni kulenga. dzanja lake anadzakhalanso wolimba, iye ankakonda kusewera ndi mthunzi, blurring m'mbali khirisipi zinthu.

Kusakhoza kupanga amadza wabwino pa malo ake ndalama. Popeza kuti mochedwa mkazi wake kunali dona wochokera m'banja lolemera, malowolo ake zapita kwathunthu mu cholowa chake. Ndipo ndalama, iye basi anakhala izo, kapena "anatentha mwa" pa zosowa zawo.

Kumapeto kwa makumi anai zaka za m'ma 17, iye anayamba kucheza ndi mdzakazi wake Hendrickje. Iwo Tingaone mu ena mwa zojambula wake. Ngakhale malamulo okhwima poyerekezera ndi chibale ndi imasonkhezera wake anatsutsika ndi bwalo, pamene ali mwana anabadwa Korneliyo.

Ndi zovuta kupeza zojambula odziwika a nthawi imeneyi ndi ziboliboli. Iye pang'onopang'ono unachoka kwambiri munali amajambulapo maluwa okongola ndi zithunzi, analemba kale posachedwapa.

Koma, ngati munthu kulenga, unaonekera m'madera ena. Pa nthawi imene iye anali kale ankatumikira etchings mwaluso. Iye anatenga zaka 7 kumaliza mwaluso amatchedwa "Chikwi Guilder Sindikizani".

Iye anali wokhoza kuti agulitse yaikulu nthawi yokwanira 100 guilders. etching Izi imatengedwa zabwino iwo amene anakhoza kulenga Rembrandt.

likamalowa Rembrandt

Chithunzicho achikulire anakumana ndi mavuto a zachuma. Mu 1656 anakhala kwathunthu zinatha, anasamutsira cholowa chake onse mwana wake. Moyo wakhala kanthu. Chaka chotsatira, iye anagulitsa munda wake. ndalama anamuthandiza kupeza kunja kwa mzinda chete Amsterdam. Anakakhala ku kotala Ayuda.

Munthu chifupi naye pa ukalamba wake anali ndi mwana. Koma Rembrandt sanali mwayi, chifukwa iye anakhala mpaka imfa yake. Wautali kunyamula nkhonya ya tsoka, iye sakanakhoza, ndipo patatha chaka adafanso.

lero Rembrandt

Art sichifa. NdiAmene moyo mu ntchito zawo, makamaka, aluso nthawi zonse gawo la nsalu zokha ayi awo. Akamanena za munthu imafalikira ndi kalembedwe wake ndi katswiri pa dongosolo kalembedwe.

Pakali pano, Rembrandt Van Reyn akuti ndi wojambula ndi likulu kalata ndipo anazindikira otsutsa onse. ntchito Yake ofunika kwambiri zokwanira. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2009 pa ogulitsira malonda a kupenta wake "Theka kutalika amasimba za munthu osadziwika, ataima manja akimbo," lolembedwa mu 1658, izo anagulitsidwa kwa mtengo umboni - 41 miliyoni madola US (asinthidwa pa Kusinthanitsa kwa ndalama ya nthawi).

Anazindikiranso kupenta wake "Chithunzi cha mayi wachikulire," lomwe mu 2000 anakwanitsa kugulitsa pafupifupi miliyoni 32 dollars. kupenta Ichi ndi chilankhulo alibe ngakhale angayerekeze kuitana "kupenta". Izo zikuwoneka ngati basi chithunzi chachikulu - mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri munthu akanakhoza kokha kwambiri mbuye.

Anthu ngati Rembrandt Harmenszoon Van Reyn, kwenikweni mantha. Ndipo si koyenera kukhala wojambula, inu muyenera kuchita mungakonde, ndipo ambiri Chofunika - kuchokera pansi pa mtima.