Zokwawa - izo ... achule ndi zokwawa. zokwawa wakale

Nkhani m'nkhani ino - zokwawa. Mitundu, chiyambi, malo, komanso mfundo zina za iwo Adzaperekedwa ku izo.

Mawu "chokwawa" amachokera ku Latin akuti, kutanthauza pomasulira "grovel", "kukwawa". Ndizoonekeratu ku chikhalidwe cha kayendedwe ka oimira kalasi. Tikumbukenso Komabe, si onse zokwawa - ndi nyama, amene angakhoze kokha kukwawa. Pali ena amene kulumpha wabwino, kuthamanga, kusambira ndipo ngakhale kuuluka pafupifupi mapulani monga agologolo chakuwuluka.

zokwawa wakale

Nyama zimenezi analipo kalekale maonekedwe a munthu pa dziko. Kukhala zokwawa padziko lapansi lero - yekha zotsalira (zatsalira zazing'ono) ndi yosiyanasiyana ndi wolemera mu kalasi lomaliza. Tikuyankhula zokhudza zokwawa, kufika kulemera lake lalikulu pa za Mesozoic nyengo (pafupifupi miliyoni 230-67 zaka BC. E.). A chiwerengero chachikulu cha mitundu anali anagonjera zokwawa akale. Ena mwa mitundu yawo pa dziko. Mwachitsanzo mwa izi zazikulu zolusa Tarbosaurus ndi herbivores chimphona brontosauruses. Ena, monga m'madzi ichthyosauri. Ena akhoza kuwuluka ngati mbalame. Dziko lapansi zapoizoni akale kuti si bwino. Mwina posachedwapa, asayansi amakumana kutulukira zinthu zatsopano.

Mu 1988 Scotland apeza zotsalira za zokwawa. Akatswiri amanena kuti zaka mamiliyoni 340 zapitazo, zokwawa anakhala ndi moyo. Zinali, monga kunapezeka, akale ambiri lerolino mitundu odziwika zapoizoni gasi. thupi lawo kutalika anali masentimita 20,3 yekha.

Chiyambi cha zokwawa wakale

Kuyambira achule wakale kusanduka zokwawa wakale. mwambo umenewu wakhala sitepe yotsatira m'kupita kwa anatengera moyo pa inakhala dziko. Lero, achule ndi zokwawa azikhala. Achule mwinamwake kudziwika monga achule ndi zokwawa - zokwawa.

Magulu zapoizoni zamakono

Pakuti zokwawa (amakono) monga magulu otsatirawa.

1. Ng'ona. Awa ndi nyama zazikulu ndi thupi yascheroobraznoe. Pali mitundu 23 zokha, monga ng'ona weniweni ndi ng'ona, caimans ndi gavials.

2. Klyuvogolovye. Iwo amakhala ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa tuatara otchedwa Sphenodon punctatus. zokwawa awa (chithunzi mmodzi wa iwo anapereka m'munsimu) maonekedwe akufanana buluzi lalikulu (mpaka 75 cm) ndi thupi chachikulu, nthambi zisanu atagwira ndi mitu ikuluikulu.

3. ANG'ONO. gulu ili ndi zokwawa ochuluka kuposa. Pamafunikanso 7600 mitundu. Zikuphatikizapo Mwachitsanzo, buluzi - gulu lalikulu kwambiri zapoizoni za lero. Zikuphatikizapo: abuluzi, iguanas, pygopodidae, skinks, guloyo, chameleons. Abuluzi - apadera gulu la nyama, zomwe zimagwiritsa arboreal. Kutsatira wazikang'a njoka - legless zokwawa, komanso Amphisbaena - cholengedwa nyongolotsi-ngati ndi thupi ndi yochepa mchira, chokhala mu maonekedwe mutu mapeto. Amphisbaena ndinazolowera kuchita kukumba njira ya moyo. Iwo kawirikawiri kuoneka padziko. zokwawa izi yambiri moyo wawo pansi kapena zisa za chiswe ndi nyerere, amene kudya Amphisbaena. Kawirikawiri alibe miyendo. Oyimira a mtundu Bipes, pali miyendo kutsogolo. Iwo ikuyenda zikwapu nthaka ndi mchira choyamba. Chifukwa cha ichi, iwo amatchedwanso amphisbaenia. "Amphisbaena" latembenuzidwa kuchokera Greek momwe "akusuntha mu mayendedwe onse."

4. Kagulu - kamba. matupi pansi awo, mbali ndi zipolopolo pamwamba anazungulira. Carapace zikuphatikizapo m'mimba (plastron) ndi dorsal (carapace) mapanelo amene olumikizidwa kwa mlatho wa fupa kapena tendon mtolo. Akamba, pali mitundu 300.

Pamodzi ndi nyama mbalame ndi nyama zokwawa amaphatikizidwa mu gulu limodzi la inakhala apamwamba.

Kodi zokwawa?

The ambiri ali lapadziko njira reptlii moyo. Iwo ali anthu amene amakonda malo lotseguka analimbikitsa ndi dzuwa, kuphatikizapo pafupifupi lopanda zomera chipululu chopanda madzi. Komabe, akamba ambiri ndi ng'ona ndi moyo mitsinje, nyanja kapena m'madambo. Ena mwa njoka ndipo akamba komanso amakhala moyo m'nyanja.

Chokwawa khungu, mwatsoka, tsopano ntchito kupanga katundu wachikopa. Iwo kwambiri kukhala nawo, ndipo chifukwa cha kuvutika ndi nthumwi ambiri zapoizoni lapansi. tsogolo lawo - m'manja athu.

Zimapezekanso ng'ona

Mu mayiko onse a kotentha ng'ona wamba. Ambiri zapoizoni awa - nyama mkulu madzi m'madambo, nyanja ndi mitsinje. Kawirikawiri yambiri tsiku m'madzi. Ng'ona kubwera kwa osaya a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'mawa ndi madzulo, kuti amasangalala dzuwa. Pakuti madzi mchere limavomerezedwa ochepa a mtundu wawo. Saltwater ng'ona amasambira pa nyanja kutali kwambiri - mpaka kukafika 600 kuchokera nyanja.

Zimapezekanso tuatara ndi abuluzi

Tuatara tsopano asungidwa pa tizilumba tina ndi miyala, wapafupi New Zealand. malo Special unakhazikitsidwa pano chifukwa cha iwo.

Abuluzi amapezeka pafupifupi onse pa dziko, kuwonjezera ku dera ozizira. Mitundu ina ya mapiri mbakwira malire a chisanu wosatha Mwachitsanzo, ku HimalayasI - kutalika kwa 5.5 kuchokera pamwamba pa nyanja. moyo lapadziko ndi abuluzi kwambiri.

Komabe, ena mwa iwo akukwera mitengo kapena zitsamba, monga umodzi wa achule. Ena moyo mpaka kalekale mitengo ndi amatha motsetsereka ndege. Guloyo ndi geckos kuti moyo mwa miyala angachititse pamodzi pamalo choimirira. Komanso ena abuluzi moyo m'nthaka. Kawirikawiri alibe maso, ndi matupi awo elongated. M'madzi buluzi amakhala ku mzere kukasambira. Iwo ali ndi luso bwino anayamba kusambira. Iye amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri madzi, kudya algae.

Anthu njoka ndi akamba?

Kulikonse mu dziko sizachilendo njoka, kupatula New Zealand, zigawo kumalo ozizira ndi zisumbu zikuluzikulu. Onse kusambira bwino, pali ngakhale mitundu pafupifupi onse kapena onse nthawi yocheza m'madzi. Izi njoka nyanja. michira yawo nkhafi ndikupita woboola pakati laterally wothinikizidwa. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa njoka burrowing moyo wa ena mwa iwo waponya maso ake mbisoweka pansi zishango, komanso michira adzafupikitsidwa. Iwo microhylidae njoka ndi slepuny.

Madzi oyera ndi dziko akamba Zimapezeka ambiri mwa zilumba, komanso mayiko onse kupatula Antarctica. yosiyanasiyana malo awo. Ndi nkhalango zotentha, otentha m'zipululu, mitsinje, nyanja ndi zithaphwi, expanses wa nyanja ndi nyanja m'mphepete mwa nyanja. moyo wanga wonse akamba nyanja ikuchitika madzi. Iwo amapita kumtunda yekha kuikira mazira.

Njoka yaikulu

Njoka yaikulu ya makono - ichi ndi anaconda (onani chithunzi pamwambapa) ndi pythons reticulated. Patapita nthawi kufika mamita 10. Kum'mawa Colombia Mwachitsanzo anaconda anapezeka, wapadera kukula - 11 mamita 43 masentimita Bramini slepun ndi. Njoka zazing'ono. thupi lake kutalika si zoposa 12 cm.

Makulidwe ng'ona

Ng'ona yaikulu - Saltwater ndi Nile. M'litali akamafika 7 m. Kuti 1.2 mamita ndi 1.5 mamita akazi kuti amuna ndi kutalika pazipita thupi paleosuchus, wamng'ono pakati ng'ona ena.

Ambiri akamba yaikuluikulu

Yaikulu ya kamba ano amaona leatherback nyanja. Utali wake upambana mamita 2. Mu UK, pa gombe, chinapezeka mtembo wa munthu wamwamuna mu 1988 yonse ya akamba, amene adatenga mu m'lifupi 2,77 mamita ndi kutalika ndi - 2,91. Musk kamba ndi laling'ono kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yonse. Pafupifupi kutalika carapace wake ndi wofanana ndi masentimita 7.6.

Makulidwe abuluzi

Pakati pa abuluzi zing'onozing'ono amaonedwa namwali sphaerodactylus. mamilimita 16 okha ndi kutalika kwa matupi awo (kupatulapo mchira). Mosakayikira, buluzi yaikulu ndi Komodo chinjoka (chithunzi chake chili m'munsimu).

thupi lake kutalika kwa mamita atatu ndi zambiri. Akukhala Papua New Guinea langurs kuwunika Salvador ukufika 4,75 mamita m'litali, koma ndi pafupifupi 70% ya kutalika kwa mchira amagwa.

zokwawa thupi kutentha

Ngati achule, zokwawa mulibe zonse kutentha thupi. Choncho ntchito moyo wawo kumadalira kutentha yozungulira. Mwachitsanzo, mu kouma ndi ofunda, ali kalikiliki pa nthawi imeneyi ndipo nthawi zambiri kukakwera diso. Tikawonetsetsa mu nyengo yoipa ndi yozizira, iwo anabwerera m'mbuyo ndipo kawirikawiri kutuluka m'malo awo obisalamo. Pa kutentha pafupi zokwawa ziro kugwera catalepsy. N'chifukwa chake mu zone nayonso ali owerengeka. Pano iwo ali, pali mitundu okha 5.

Zokwawa angathe kulamulira kutentha thupi lawo, monga pothawa hypothermia kapena kutenthedwa. Hibernation Mwachitsanzo, amalola zokwawa kupewa ozizira ndi kutentha kwake kwa tsiku - ntchito usiku.

chizolowezi kupuma

Zokwawa (zithunzi zina m'nkhani ino), mosiyana ndi achule ndi kupuma kuwala kokha. Iwo mosavuta kupulumutsa thumba dongosolo, koma mu zokwawa ndi zambiri zovuta mkati kapangidwe kuposa achule. Apangidwe zisa kapangidwe ndi makoma lamkati la sacs m'mapapo mwanga. Iwo amatikumbutsa zisa a. Izi kwambiri kumawonjezera nyama kupuma pamwamba. Mosiyana achule, zokwawa mpweya osati jekeseni. Komabe, ambiri a iwo ndi mpweya khalidwe otchedwa "suction" mtundu. Iwo kutulutsa ndipo pokoka mpweya mpweya kudzera m'mphuno pogwiritsa ntchito chidule ndi kukula kwa pachifuwa. Act kupuma anachita ndi ntchito minofu m'mimba ndi intercostal.

Komabe, akamba nthiti immobile chifukwa kukhalapo kwa chipolopolo, kotero mitundu wake, zachitika njira ina mpweya wabwino kuposa zokwawa ena. Iwo amakhala ndi chikakamizo mu mapapo kudzera mwa mwazimeza, kapena kupanga miyendo kutsogolo kutulutsa mpaka gululi.

kubalana

Zokwawa kubereka pa dziko. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo, mosiyana achule, chitukuko mwachindunji, mwachitsanzo popanda siteji larval. Zokwawa zambiri anagona lalikulu yolk mazira olemera ndi zipolopolo chigoba ndi amniotic (nyongolosi) kuti kuteteza motsutsana kuwonongeka makina ndi imfa ya mazira madzi, ndi kupereka mpweya kuwombola ndi zakudya. Ndi nthawi ya kuswa, kufika kukula ndithu, zokwawa wamng'ono. Iwo ali replicas kakang'ono achikulire.