Zosangalatsa zokhudza India. Dziko la India. Kale India - zochititsa chidwi

Pulaneti lathuli muli makona ambiri omwe sangasiyire ngakhale munthu wokonda kwambiri. M'nkhaniyi tikambirana za chitukuko chakale kwambiri, chimene chateteza chikhalidwe chake mpaka lero. Anadabwa ndipo akupitiriza kutidabwitsa ndi kusiyana kwake, maganizo ake. Dziko lokongola ili ndi India.

Dziko lochititsa mantha

M'dziko lamakono lino, mungapeze zambiri zomwe mukufuna, kuphatikizapo mfundo zochititsa chidwi za India. Mukhoza kuwerenga mabuku momwe mumakonda kapena kuonera mafilimu ndi mavidiyo, koma simungadziwe zambiri zokhudza dziko lino. India ndi dziko lokhalo pa dziko lapansi kumene miyambo ya chipembedzo ndi miyambo siinasokonezedwe kuyambira nthawi zakale. Mibadwo yonse yakalekale - a Sumerian, Aigupto, a Celtic, a Roma ndi ena - anawuka ndipo analowa mumdima, ndipo Indian adakalipo mpaka lero. Palibe chifukwa chofunafuna mfundo zochititsa chidwi za India, chifukwa dzikoli limadabwa komanso likudabwitsa nthawi iliyonse. Kawirikawiri mumamva kuti munaponyera mphamvu yosadziwika kudziko lofanana kapena nthawi ina. Dziko lino lasungira magawo osamvetsetseka ndi miyambo yawo yachilendo kwa anthu amakono, amwenye a Buddhist, akachisi akale, malo okongola, moyo wapadera ndi zina zambiri. Munthu aliyense wophunzira pa dziko lathu lapansi amadziwa kuti chinenero chakale cha India, Chisanki, chasungidwa pano. Ngakhale oimirira osaphunzira a mdziko lathu anamva za kukhalapo kwa ziphunzitso za Kamasutra (ngakhale ambiri a iwo samvetsa mfundo yafilosofi ya chiphunzitso ichi).

Dziko losiyana

Dzikoli linadutsa nkhalango ndi mapiri, zigwa ndi mapiri, nyumba zachifumu za Maharajas ndi maboma, maboma olemekezeka ndi opemphapempha, malo okhala "magetsi ofiira" ndi puritanism yachikunja, maonekedwe a boma ndi machitidwe ovuta. Uwu ndi India. Zofuna zokhudzana ndi dziko la yogis zikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa moyo wanga wonse ndipo ntchitoyi sidzatha. Mapiri a Tibet, a Himalaya akuluakulu, nkhalango zamapiri, mtsinje wopatulika wa Ganges, malo ambiri okhala m'nyanja, zipilala zakale ndi museums - zonsezi ndizo kunyada kwa dziko la India.

Zakale za India: Zochititsa chidwi

Kuwerenga mbiri ya dziko lino, mukhoza kupeza zambiri zodabwitsa zokhudzana ndi sayansi ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu akale a ku India. Tiyeni tione ena mwa iwo.

1. Mumzinda wa Takshashil munakhazikitsidwa yunivesite yoyamba padziko lapansi. Zinachitika mu 700 BC. Pano oposa khumi zikwi amaphunzira maphunziro oposa 60. Ndipo m'zaka za zana lachinayi AD. E. Mu mzinda wa Nalanda, yunivesite inayake inakhazikitsidwa, yomwe inakhala imodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu kwambiri za dzikoli mu maphunziro.

2. Polemba ndondomeko zokhudzana ndi India, munthu sangathe kutchula Ayurveda, sukulu ya zamankhwala yoyambirira imene munthu amadziwa. Zapangidwa zaka 2500 zapitazo ndi bambo wa mankhwala a Charak. Apa, ntchito zopanga opaleshoni zovuta zinkakhala - gawo loperewera, ma prosthetics, kuchotsedwa kwa cataracts, kuchotsedwa kwa miyala kuchokera m'kugwiritsira ntchito mitsempha komanso ngakhale opaleshoni ya ubongo.

3. M'zaka za m'ma 400 AD, wasayansi Brasharacharya anawerengetsera nthawi imene dziko lathuli likuzungulira dzuwa.

4. Wosayansi wina wa ku India, Budhayana, m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi, kwa nthawi yoyamba anawerengetsera chiwerengero cha ma pi (zaka zambiri pamaso pa a masamu ndi a masamu a ku Ulaya). Kuonjezerapo, adapereka njira zowonjezera, zomwe masiku ano zimadziwika kuti ndi Pythagorean theorem. Ku India, zinthu monga trigonometry, algebra zinapangidwa. Kuchokera apa kunabwera lingaliro loyamba la kukwera mtengo, ndi kulinganirana kwapakati, ndi zina zambiri. Asayansi a dziko lino adapanga ngakhale nthawi yaikulu kwambiri - kalpu, yomwe inalongosola nthawi yobadwa kuchokera ku kubadwa kwa chilengedwe ndi kuwonongedwa kwake (pafupifupi zaka 25 biliyoni).

Tsoka la dziko lino

Zomwezi ndi zina zambiri zokhudzana ndi India masiku ano zimamveka bwino, zomwe zimamveka bwino, chifukwa mwina "otukuka" ku Ulaya adzayenera kufotokozera dziko lonse mtundu wa "chikhalidwe" chomwe iwo anali nacho ku mafuko a "zakutchire" a dziko lino. Chifukwa chake a British, osati okhawo, monga osakondera, adawononga mamiliyoni ambiri a Amwenye, anaphwanya chuma cha dziko lino, adatumiza miyambo yambiri komanso mbiri yakale. Ndipotu, panthaŵi yomwe mayunivesite anali kugwira ntchito pano, asayansi analenga ndi kalata yayikuru, ntchito zamankhwala zovuta zinachitidwa, "mabwana" a British omwe adakalipo adagona mu khola ndikukumbatira nkhumba. Zoonadi, pozindikira zofunkha zowonongeka za ku India, m'pofunika kuzindikira chifukwa chenicheni cha nkhondo zamakono zamakono. Moyo suli bwino kwa anthu, zombo zamtundu wa NATO, minda ya poppy, kuphwanya chuma ndi zinthu zina za demokarase.

Koma zokwanira zachisoni, kubwerera ku dziko lokongola lino.

India: Mfundo Zopindulitsa kwa Ana

Kwa owerengeka ang'onoang'ono, tiwonetsa mfundo zochepa zochititsa chidwi. M'dziko lino zaka zoposa zisanu zikwi zapitazo chiphunzitso cha yoga chinabadwa. Atapita ku India, mwana aliyense ndi wamkulu akhoza kuona ndi maso awo momwe anthuwa amayendera pa galasi losweka, kugona pamisomali. Ndipo ngati muli ndi mwayi, mukhoza kuona zochitika za ambuye akale.

Ndipo ndani mwa ana omwe sadziwa bwino khalidwe lalikulu la chojambula "Mowgli"? Koma nkhani yomwe ikufotokozedwa ndi Kipling imachokeradi. Zikatero, nyama zakutchire zitabereka mwana wamwamuna, zimadziwika m'moyo.

Kupyolera mwa woyendayenda

India - dziko lochereza alendo, pano akukhala anthu abwino kwambiri komanso okonda mtendere padziko lapansi. Ndipo izi ziri choncho, ichi ndi chinthu china chochititsa chidwi. Pa zaka zikwi khumi zapitazi, anthu a m'dziko lino sanalowere gawo la mayiko ena. Ndipo amayi Teresa (woyera Calcutta) ndi Mahatma Gandhi ndiwo atumwi akuluakulu a zaka za makumi awiri.

Chabwino, tiyeni tipitirize, kusonkhanitsa zowona zokhudza dziko lino.

1. India ndi malo obadwira otchuka lero. Poyambirira iwo amatchedwa "Chaturanga", omwe mumasanskrit amatanthawuza "mitundu inayi ya asilikali": kamodzi akakhala ndi maulendo, magaleta, mahatchi ndi njovu.

2. Ndi kukula kwake, India yamakono imakhala yachisanu ndi chiwiri padziko lapansi. Ndizochepa katatu kuposa US, koma ndicho chachiwiri padziko lonse - 1 miliyoni 170 miliyoni.

3. Pali maofesi ambiri mu dziko lino kuposa ena onse. Wogwira ntchito wamkulu ku India ndi Indian Railway. Amapereka ntchito kwa anthu oposa miliyoni.

Mpaka mu 1896, India ndi dziko lokha lokhalo la migodi ya diamondi. Ndipo komabe dzikoli linali limodzi la olemera kwambiri (mpaka ku dziko la Britain kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la sevente).

5. Mudziko lino, chipembedzo chachikulu ndi Chihindu, chachiwiri ndi Islam. India imakhala ndi mzikiti zikwizikwi zikwi mazana atatu - zochuluka koposa m'dziko lina lililonse.

6. Nzika za dziko lino zimatchedwa Amwenye, osati Ahindu, ambiri amakhulupirira. Liwu lomaliza limatanthauza anthu omwe amadzinenera Chihindu. Choncho, Ahindu angakhale nzika za mayiko ena, kumene amati chipembedzo chimenechi, mwachitsanzo, Nepal.

Cesspool Woyera

Pogwirizana ndi zozizwitsa zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, India ndi imodzi mwa zinyalala. Pano mukhoza kugwirizanitsa zipilala zamakedzana ndi zikho za fetid za zinyalala. Ndipo ngakhale wopatulika kwa Amwenye a Himalaya pamtunda wa mamita 3000 pamwamba pa nyanja, nthawi zambiri pamakhala madontho osuta osatha. Nzika za dziko lino zimangotaya zinyalala. Imaphatikizapo mapiri otsetsereka ndi mapepala odula. Ndipo palibe amene amasamala za izi.

Kutsiliza

Kuti tifotokoze mwachidule, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri padziko lapansili amadziwa za dziko lalikululi, lomwe ndilo lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ponena za chiwerengero cha anthu, achinyamata masiku ano ali ndi lingaliro lodziwika bwino lomwe kuli India. Mapu a dziko lapansi athandiziranso kuchotsa vutoli mu chidziwitso. Dziko likugawana malire ndi mayiko monga Pakistan, Tajikistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh ndi Myanmar. Osambitsidwa ndi India Indian Ocean.