Zoweta za nthaka ndi katundu wawo. Ndi nthaka yanji yomwe ili mu steppe?

Dothi laling'ono poyang'ana kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwachuma ndi malo abwino kwambiri. Ndizigawozi zomwe zimapanga gawo lalikulu la ngongole ya nthaka, ngakhale, sizinthu zonse zomwe zingasangalatse mlimi ndi nthaka yakuda yakuda. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi nthaka ya steppes ya Russia, yomwe imayimilidwa ndi madera owuma komanso pakati pa humus kumpoto. Komabe, kumwera kwa dzikoli kuli malo ambiri opanda chonde omwe ali ndi zinthu zothandiza.

Makhalidwe apamwamba a nthaka ya steppe

Kwa mitundu yonse ya dothi, pali kusowa kwa massifs a m'nkhalango ndi madzi ochepa pansi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chiwerengero cha momwe zinthu zilili. Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zazikulu zomwe zimathandiza kuti mukhale ndi nthaka ya steppe ndi zokhala ndi humus. Mwachitsanzo, chernozems wa nkhalango-steppe zigawo ndi apamwamba makulidwe a humus horizons kuposa wamba chestnut ndi chernozem chimakwirira. Kuti mudziwe dothi lomwe lili mu steppe lidzakhala lothandiza kwambiri pa ntchito zaulimi, ndikofunikira kulingalira zomwe zili ndi zakudya zina. Mwachitsanzo, malo okalamba amafunikira feteleza wambiri ndi feteleza. Alimi odziwa bwino amalimbikitsanso kugwiritsa ntchito phosphorous, komanso m'malo ena - nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu zowonjezera.

Zomwe nthaka imapangidwira mu steppes

Kukula kwa dera la dothi la steppe nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira, youma kapena yocheperapo. Mwachitsanzo, ku Russia mapangidwe a chigawo chakumwera kwa steppe amapezeka pamtunda wanyengo ya 0 ... + 10 ° C. Ponena za mphepo, chiwerengero chawo chakale chikusiyana ndi 300 mpaka 500 mm. Chigwa chochuluka kwambiri chimachitika m'chigawo cha Ciscaucasia, ndipo kumpoto gawo ili likusiyana kwambiri. Kutentha kwakukulu kumapezeka pakati pa theka la chilimwe - nthawi zambiri mvula yamasiku ano ndi ya chivomezi, ngakhale kuti dothi la steppe silingatchedwe mopitirira muyeso. Malo otetezeka kwambiri a chinyezi amapezeka m'chaka, chomwe chimathandizidwa ndi kusungunuka chisanu. Koma izi ndizo kumpoto, ndipo mapiri a kumwera amadziwika ndi kusowa kwa madzi. Pa chifukwa ichi, mtundu wosasamba wa madzi umapangidwa m'madera ena.

Miyala ya dothi

Ku Russia, kupanga nthaka mwa miyala ndi madontho kumachitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana malingana ndi dera. Mwachitsanzo, kumalo otsetsereka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Black Sea n'kofala kwambiri, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ngati mapulaneti otchedwa Stavropol Plateau. Momwe mchenga wa mchenga wotchedwa loam ulili wamtunduwu ndi wofanana ndi nsanja ya Volga - m'derali dothi la steppe limapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi miyala yofiira ndi yachikasu quaternary loam. Kumadera a Caspian, malo amchere amadziwika komanso amapezeka m'madzi osiyanasiyana.

Popeza kusowa kwa mathirakiti a m'nkhalango kumapangitsa mphepo kuti ipite, mitengo yowonongeka imapezekanso - makamaka, chigwa cha Kulunda chiri cholemera mu tinthu tating'ono. Kwa mbali zonse za miyala yolembedwa, yomwe imapanga dothi lotchedwa steppe, ikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha mchere wambiri wosasunthika, carbonate ndi gypsum.

Chophimba cha masamba

Kupuma kwa mphepo koteroko sikungakhudze kwambiri chitukuko cha zomera. Pankhani imeneyi, munthu ayenera kudalira mtundu wa nthaka ndi zinthu zakunja. Mwachitsanzo, kumadera owuma, chivundikiro cha zomera ndi chovuta. Izi ndi zomera zochepa kwambiri zomwe zimatha kupanga 70% kuchokera ku zomera zonse. Dothi lakuda la mabokosi ndilobwino kwambiri pa chitukuko cha zitsamba ndi udzu. Izi zimatsimikiziranso kuti posankha nthaka yomwe ili mu steppe ili yoyenerera bwino kulima mbewu, zifukwa zingapo ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Pachifukwa ichi, chofunikira kwambiri choyesa kubereka ndi mtundu wa chivundikiro cha nthaka. M'katikati mwa zigawo za mchenga wa mkuntho ndi kuwala kwa mchenga wachitsulo, mowirikiza, mmadera amenewa n'zotheka kukula ephemeroids ndi ephemerals. Makamaka olima amaluwa amatha kulima irises ndi tulips pano. Pa nthaka ya solonetzic, mdima wakuda, makolasma ndi biyurgun amapezeka kawirikawiri, ndipo zophimba nthaka zimakhala bwino popanga magulu a zomera za herbaceous.

Zothandizira

Kawirikawiri chiwongoladzanja chimawoneka ngati chachikulu pamadera onse. Awa ndi malo omwe alibe malo okwera, mapiri ndi mapiri. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, steppes sichitha madzi ambirimbiri, sagwedezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malo osanjikiza pamwamba pa malo akuluakulu. Komabe, Central Central steppe woyendera nthambi akadakumbukiridwa ndi kuthetsedwa kwa mpumulo . Nthaka m'dera lino ikhoza kuikidwa ndi maukonde odzaza kwambiri, omwe amachititsa mavuto aakulu pa chitukuko cha dziko laling'ono. Mwinanso pangakhalenso ma slide oboola, koma izi ndizosiyana ndi malamulo.

Zizindikiro za nthaka mu steppes youma

Nthaka za mtundu umenewu zimadziwika ndi zofooka kwambiri za nthaka ya steppe. Mvula yamvula, windiness ndi chilala - izi ndi zina zidakonzeratu mavuto omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito chivundikirochi. Maziko a zomera ndi udzu-steppe gulu, pansi pake pali njira ya turf nthaka mapangidwe. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, ephemera ndi zomera zimafa, chifukwa cha nthaka ya steppes youma imakhala ndi udzu wooneka bwino ndi zizindikiro za kuwonongeka. Kumbali imodzi, njirayi imathandiza kupanga mapangidwe a humic acids, koma pambali ina - pansi pa mphamvu ya dzuwa, kutaya madzi kwa madzi ndi kutentha kwa zinthu zothandiza zimapezeka. Mu nyengo ya chilala, ndi kuchepa kwazing'ono, kuyambitsidwa kwa leaching ya salimu, magnesium ndi calcium salt kumapangidwanso, monga momwe nthaka imayambira.

Zolinga za nthaka ya chernozem ya steppes

Kukula kwa dothi la chernozem kumayambira kutsogolo kwa mitundu yambiri ya zomera zosakanikirana. Choncho, chinthu chachikulu cha chivundikirocho ndi kulemera kwa organic substances. Mu gawo la chitumbuwa cha chernozems, mtundu wobiriwira wamtunduwu umatha kusiyanitsa, womwe umatsindikizidwanso ndi chikhalidwe cha lumpy kapena granular. The chernozem nthaka ya steppe akhoza kukhala wambiri phulusa zinthu ndi nayitrogeni, umene ndi waukulu kusiyana kwa chivundikirochi. Kupereka kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu kumachitika chaka ndi chaka pakuwonongeka kwa zomera zinyalala. Mavuto a hydrothermal omwe amakwiyitsa machitidwe a zovuta za humic zofanana za humic acid zimathandizanso kuti izi zitheke.

Mawu ochepa pamapeto

Zomwe zimapangidwira mapangidwe a steppe makamaka zimatsutsana ndi zosiyana siyana zomwe zimakhudza nthaka. Ndi chifukwa cha kusinthika kwa zifukwa zina zomwe dothi la steppe lidzaza ndi zakudya zowonjezera. Choncho, chilala chimalimbikitsa kuwonongeka kwa zomera, zomwe zimapanga mapangidwe a humus. Komanso, pofika mvula yambiri, kupanga humic acid kumalimbikitsa, komwe kumapanga maziko a chitukuko cha nthaka yakuda yakuda.