Ntchito za khoma la selo: kuthandizira, kutumiza, kuteteza

Zida zapamwamba ndi mbali imodzi ya selo iliyonse ndi zigawo zake zambiri. Imachita ntchito zofunika. Momwe kamvedwe kamene kamagwirira ntchito , kapangidwe ndi ntchito za dongosololi - chirichonse chidzafotokozedwa m'nkhani yathu.

Chiwalo cha memphane

Aliyense amadziwa kuti selo ndilo laling'ono kwambiri komanso logwira ntchito la thupi, ndipo mbali zake ndizo zipangizo zam'mwamba, cytoplasm ndi organelles. Komabe, mawonekedwe ake akhoza kuganiziridwa mosiyana. Selo iliyonse ndidongosolo la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. M'chilatini, mawuwa amatanthauza "filimu" kapena "peel". Kotero, pamwamba pa maselowa ali ndi nembanemba ya plasma. Koma chikhalidwe chamkati cha selo chagawidwa mu zigawo zosiyana ndi kuthandizidwa ndi zofanana mkati. Kapangidwe kotereku kumapanga malo okhala malo osiyanasiyana ndi mankhwala.

Makhalidwe ndi magulu a maselo

Chitsanzo chomwe chilipo cha kapangidwe ka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chimatchedwa madzi. Zimachokera kuwirikiza kawiri wa lipids, mbali ya hydrophilic yomwe ikuyang'ana panja. Awa ndi magulu a phosphate a zinthu izi. Koma hydrophobic mbali ya lipids, omwe ndi mankhwala a mafuta acids, nkhope ya bilayer. Chigawo chotsatira cha maselo a maselo ndi mapuloteni. Zina mwazinthuzi ndizosaoneka ndipo zili kunja, zina zimakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri zozama. Kapangidwe kameneka kamalola selo kukhazikitsa njira zovuta zotetezera, kufalitsa, phage ndi pinocytosis.

Makina osokoneza maselo

Maofesi omwe amapanga ntchito zina amapezeka pamwamba pa pepala la plasma . M'maselo obzala, bowa ndi mabakiteriya, amaimiridwa ndi khoma la selo. Koma zinyama zili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi glycocalyx. Amapereka mgwirizano weniyeni wa selo ndi chilengedwe, poyang'anira kudya zakudya. Ntchito za khoma la selo zimachokera ku zigawo zake, zomwe zimasiyana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe ofanana a maselo.

Kuyika kwa khoma la selo

Mapangidwe a mankhwala a khoma la selo m'magulu osiyanasiyana a zamoyo ndi osiyana. Zomera zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Malowa amatsimikiziridwa ndi kukhalapo kwa mafinsi osakanikirana omwe amasungidwa m'mitolo. Ndimadzimadzimadzi otere omwe amapereka makoma a maselo kukhala olimba ndi mphamvu. Mukhoza kunena kuti imapanga mtundu wa mafupa. Maonekedwe ndi ntchito ya khoma la maselo m'zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamtundu zimasiyana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, patapita nthawi, maselo amodzi mwa mitundu yofiira, yomwe imatchedwa cork, imaphatikizidwa ndi mafuta oyandikana ndi mafuta. Zotsatira zake ndi kufota kwa mkati mkati ndi zomwe zimapereka ntchito yothandizira. Zomwezo zimawonedwa m'maselo a minofu ya zomera, viz. Mu zotengera. Zimakhala zojambulidwa, zomwe zimakhala zotheka kuchita zinthu. Mchitidwe wa lignification ndi chifukwa chakuti mipata pakati pa ulusi wa mapuloteni amadzaza kagawidwe kena kena - lignin. Amathandiza kwambiri kuti zipangizo zamakono zikhale ndi mphamvu.

Mu bowa, maziko a chipinda cha selo amapangidwa ndi polysaccharides. Komabe, makamaka si mapulogalamu, koma chitin ndi glycogen. Ichi ndi mbali ya chikhalidwe chomwe chimapangitsa kuti azigwirizana ndi zinyama. Koma ntchito ya bwalo la bakiteriya limatulutsa kugwirizana kwa chakudya ndi mapuloteni. Amatchedwa peptidoglycan kapena murine. Zinthu zimenezi zimakhala ndi maselo a prokaryotic okha ndipo zimagwira ntchito.

Ntchito za khoma la selo

Ngakhale kusiyana kwakukulu mu mankhwalawa, chipinda cha makoma a magulu osiyanasiyana a zamoyo ali ndi mchitidwe wofanana. Ntchito zawo zazikulu ndi kupereka chithandizo, chitetezo ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu. Khoma la selo liri ndi mawonekedwe osatha. Zimateteza zonse zomwe zili mkati mwazomwe zimapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chiwonongeke. Ntchito za khoma la maselo zimayambanso kukhazikitsa njira yopitilira madzi kulowa m'seri ndi zakudya zomwe zimapangidwira mmenemo komanso mosiyana.

Kuyenerera kwa khoma la selo

Mmene thupi limagwirira ntchito, limene limapanga khoma la selo, n'zotheka chifukwa chokhazikika. Malo awa akuwonetseredwa mu kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira ziwiri zotsutsana. Choyamba chimatchedwa plasmolysis. Zili m'kati mwa chipinda cha cytoplasm chomwe chili pafupi ndi khoma la selo. Pachifukwa ichi, zinthu zina ndi zofunika. Plasmolysis imachitika, mwachitsanzo, poika selo ndi mchere wochuluka kuposa mchere wake. Njira yowonjezera imatchedwa deplasmolysis.

Chifukwa cha pores zomwe ziri mu makoma a maselo, palinso mitsempha pakati pa maselo. Izi zimachitidwa mwachindunji ndi chithandizo cha plasmodesm. Mapangidwe awa ndi njira yotumizira zinthu. Amadutsa pamphuno ya plasma ndipo ali ndi mafunde omwe amagwirizanitsa EPS ya maselo oyandikana naye. Ndi m'magulu awa kuti kusonkhanitsa ndi kuwonjezereka kwa zinthu zonse zofunika kuti chitukuko chikhalepo.

Kotero, maselo a selo, kapangidwe ndi ntchito zomwe talingalira m'nkhani yathu, zimakhala zamoyo zonse. Mu zomera ndi mabakiteriya, komanso bowa, khoma la selo liri pamwamba pake. Amapangidwa ndi polysaccharides, yomwe imapatsa mphamvu. Ntchito zazikulu za khoma la selo ndi chitetezo, chithandizo ndi kutumizira zinthu.