Alisher Navoi: yonena za munthu wodziwika kwambiri

Pali nthano zambiri za dziko wotchuka ndakatulo, dzina Alisher Navoi. mbiri yake ndi zonse nthano za zosiyanasiyana, koma tidzayesetsa kumwazikana iwo ndi kubweretsa ena momveka mu mbiri ya moyo wake.

malo amene ndakatulo kwambiri

Navoi anabadwa mu mzinda wakale wa Herat (tsopano. Afghanistan) mu 1441, pa kubadwa kwa dzina lake christened Nizamiddin Mir Alisher. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale akadali kubwera kwa maganizo zolondola Pawokha ake national: ena amakhulupirira izo Barlas kapena Chagatai, ena - Chiuzibeki kapena Chiuwiga. Koma monga kunena kuti choyambiriracho adzaupereka kwa anthu Turkic. Izi zikuonekera bwino, kuwonjezera mavesi a bwenzi lake lapamtima Abdurahmana Dzhami (lomwe limati "kuti ndinali Persian ndipo Turk, tinali anzanu abwino"), zolemba lake lenileni limene iye analemba kuti mwini anthu ake - ndi Turk. Pa nthawi Soviet, Alisher Navoi woyesedwa chimodzimodzi monga wolemba ndakatulo Chiuzibeki ndi woganiza.

kotero banja

banja wolemba ndakatulo anali wolemera kwambiri, atate wake anali m'boma mu bwalo la Timurid ndi amalume ake - ndakatulo. Pachifukwa ichi, kuyambira ubwana Alisher Navoi (amene yonena kumagwirizana ndi utsogoleli anthu), analemba ndakatulo pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana. Ndi 1466 pa 1469 zaka wamng'ono ndakatulo ankakhala ndi kuphunzira mu Samarkand, anaphunzitsa kwa kanthawi kochepa madrassahs ndipo anathandiza lililonse ndakatulo budding kapena wasayansi.

Alisher Navoi: yonena

Great chithunzi a Sufi Order wokhulupirika (Naqshbandi), amene amasiya moyo chidziko (Fanny - ndi impermanence wa moyo) choncho konse mabanja. Ngati aliyense wa Woyera Order, Alisher Navoi (amene ndakatulo kufotokoza imeneyi, mwachitsanzo, "Lisunov UT-tayir") ankakhulupirira kuti pali chikondi imodzi yokha - kwa Mulungu, kotero iye sankafuna akazi ndi wa ukwati.

Wolemba ndakatulo kwambiri anakulira ku bwalo chimodzimodzi ndi ana Timurid banja. Ndi Hussein Baykara (amene anadzakhala kazembe wa boma Khorasan) Navoi anali ubwenzi wapamtima imene inatenga moyo wake onse. Ndipo chifukwa kuti Alisher Navoi (yonena wake zinasinthiratu chifukwa cha chisankho) anabwerera kuchokera Samarkand kuti Herat mbadwa, anatumikira monga coronation anali bwenzi lake Hussein. Mu 1469, nditabwereranso ndakatulo, Hussein Baykara kazembe anamuika mkulu curator yosindikiza Khorasan boma.

Pa moyo wake, Alisher Navoi, amene mavesi ndi zogwirizana mu tsiku lathu, anatumikira boma, analemba m'zigawozigawo ndakatulo ndi kupereka thandizo kwa alakatuli onse, olemba mabuku, ojambula ndi oimba. Mu mbiri ya Central Asia, amakumbukiridwa monga Mlengi yaikulu yomanga madrasas ambiri, zipatala, ndi ngakhale malaibulale.

Ntchito za Alisher Navoi

Ambiri mwa ntchito zake za ndakatulo kwambiri ndi woganiza, kulemba m'chinenero Chagatai, kutenga gawo dzina Alisher Navoi (mu Chiuzibeki amatanthauza "tuneful, mosangalatsa"). ndakatulo yake yoyamba analemba pa zaka 15. Wolemba ndakatulo ndi mphamvu kwambiri pa chitukuko cha chinenero mabuku, anapanga amathandiza kwambiri kusintha kwa kapangidwe chagatay chilankhulo, ndipo kenako chinenero Chiuzibeki.

Choncho chikhalidwe Heritage lili zoposa 3000 zidutswa osiyana Nyimbo mtundu wanyimbo. Mwina ntchito wotchuka a ndakatulo iyi ndi "Pyateritsa" muli 5 dastans. "Layla ndi Majnun", "Farhad ndi Shirin", "chisokonezo" - imeneyi ndiyo kuwerenga ndakatulo Alishera Navoi.

Alisher Navoi: ndakatulo mu Russian

Ambiri mwa ntchito za ndakatulo iyi achiyankhulo Persian ndi Chagatai amasuliridwa Russian. Chimodzi mwa ndakatulo wotchuka - "Awiri frisky ghazals ake .." - anawamasulira Soviet ndakatulo Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky. Ngakhale kuti Alisher Navoi anakana chikondi ndi maganizo ena kuti akazi, iye analemba ndakatulo chibadwidwe kwambiri. Pakati pawo - "Usiku wa chisoni changa lonse awonongedwa akhoza misozi ..." "Nthawi zonse moyo wanga akulira, pafupifupi kupweteka zoipa ake ..." "Pamene zoipa mwachisoni utsi loyenda, kuyang'ana ..!" ndi ena.

Komabe, wolemba kunayambitsa mavuto ndi nzeru zaumunthu ( "Bezdolny atavala nsanza ..." "kukakomana ndi vinyo ndi madzulo ndi dzuwa ..." "Onse kulipira, kuwamana nokha ..." ndi zina zotero. D.)

Kuwonjezera ndakatulo m'nyimbo, wolemba ndakatulo analenga ndi Mfundo za mbiri yakale, limene limafotokoza moyo wa kanjedza ndi lodziwika bwino chikhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, "Pyateritsa odzichepetsa" inapatulidwa ndi mphunzitsi wake ndi mnzake Abdurakhman Jami.

Kumapeto kwa ntchito yake luso Alisher Navoi analemba awiri nthanthi ndakatulo, kufotokoza maganizo ake za boma abwino. ndakatulo imodzi - "The Language of Birds" kapena monga iwo ukutchedwa, "Nyumba ya malamulo a Birds: Semurg" - ndi chimake cha ntchito zake, lonena chongoyerekezera akungondinyoza olamulira onse mbuli, amene samadziwa za dongosolo la boma. Ntchito zonse Alishera Navoi ndi lodzala ndi tanthauzo ndi cholinga pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana kuyambira chikondi ndale ndi kusintha moyo chikhalidwe cha anthu wamba wamba.

ndale

Mwina kudziŵika kuti Alisher Navoi anali kukhulupirira owolowa manja pa zinthu zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, iye yokanidwa ndi akale malamulo wankhanza, ankatsutsa poyera akuluakulu amene anatenga ziphuphu komanso wofuna kuteteza zofuna za kalasi osauka. Mu 1472 Navoi analandira udindo Mtsogoleri wina wa Aarabu (kukhala vizier ya boma), anagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake kusintha miyoyo ya anthu osauka. Ngakhale ubwenzi wake ndi kazembe ndi akuluakulu ena lodziwika, Alisher Navoi anali akadali ukapolo wolamulira wa Khorasan boma Bayqara kudera lina chifukwa anatsutsa luso la kulankhula kwa katundu wakampani ndi chiphuphu kungolandira. Mu Astrabad anapitiriza maganizo ake ofuna kusintha chikhalidwe ndi gulu moyo wa anthu.

Alisher Navoi anapanga zopereka kwambiri osati chitukuko cha dongosolo boma, izo yathandiza kwambiri pa kusintha kwa chinenero Chiuzibeki. ntchito zake zimadziwika m'mayiko ambiri East (Uzbekistan, Iran, Turkey ndi anthu ena. ku Central Asia). Wolemba ndakatulo kwambiri anamwalira panyumba, Herat mu 1501.