Amino zidulo - mukufuna chiyani? amino zidulo mu zakudya. Zimene ndipo zimatha amino zidulo

Mu chikhalidwe, pali magulu awiri a zinthu: organic ndi zochita kupanga. Dama mankhwala monga chimasanduka, alkynes, alkenes, alcohols, lipids, ndi zidulo zina mkati mapuloteni, chakudya, amino zidulo. ndi zinthu izi zomwe ife kuphimba m'nkhani ino. The zikuchokera onse mankhwala organic kwenikweni zikuphatikizapo maatomu a carbon ndi a haidrojini. Iwonso muli mpweya, sulfure, Nayitrogeni ndi zinthu zina. The sayansi kuti amaphunzira mapuloteni, zidulo, oxides, amino zidulo - Chemistry. Iwo ikufotokoza za katundu ndi makhalidwe a gulu lililonse la zinthu.

amino zidulo - ndi zinthu zimenezi?

Ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa m'thupi la cholengedwa chilichonse moyo pa dziko, monga iwo ali mbali ya zinthu zofunika kwambiri - mapuloteni. Okwana pali twente wani kwa amino asidi imene mankhwala awa anapanga. The zikuchokera zikuphatikizapo aliyense maatomu a hayidirojeni, Nayitrogeni, mpweya ndi oxygenation. Kapangidwe ka zinthu izi mankhwala ali kwa amino NH2, amene adza dzina.

Kodi Mapuloteni anapangidwa kuchokera amino zidulo?

zinthu zimenezi organic amayambira mu njira zinayi, kapangidwe awo imakhala nyumba yaikulu, sekondale, ukachenjede ndi quaternary. Ndi aliyense wa iwo amadalira ena katundu wa mapuloteni a. Pulayimale Mzimuyo chiwerengero ndi dongosolo la kwa amino zidulo malawi ili unyolo polypeptide. Chachiwiri ndi alpha-helix kapena beta-dongosolo. Choyamba anapanga chifukwa cha kupotoza wa unyolo polypeptide ndi zosayembekezereka ya kumangidwa wa hydrogen m'gulu lomwelo. Yotsirizira - chifukwa maubwenzi pakutchulidwa pakati pa magulu a maatomu unyolo osiyana polypeptide. Ukachenjede kapangidwe - chiri cholukanalukana alpha-helix ndi beta-dongosolo. Zimakhala m'njira ziwiri: fibrillar ndi globular. Woyamba ndi ulusi yaitali. Mapuloteni ndi eg amenewa ndi Ulimbo, myosin opezeka minofu minofu, komanso ena. The chachiwiri ali mawonekedwe a koyilo, ndi mapuloteni globular monga Mwachitsanzo, insulin, hemoglobin ndi ena ambiri. Mu thupi la zamoyo kwa kaphatikizidwe wa mapuloteni ochokera amino zidulo zogwirizana organelles wapadera selo - ribosomes. Information za mapuloteni zimene ziyenera kupangidwa, ndiyotengera mu DNA ndipo umasamutsidwa ku ribosomes ndi RNA.

ndi kwa amino zidulo chiyani?

Mankhwala omwe anapangidwa kuchokera mapuloteni, onse mu chikhalidwe cha makumi awiri ndi chimodzi. Ena a iwo amatha lithe thupi pa kagayidwe (kagayidwe), pamene ena - palibe. Nthawi zambiri, m'chilengedwe pali amino zidulo: histidine, valine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, cysteine, tyrosine, arginine, alanine, glutamine, asparagine, glycine, proline, carnitine, ornithine, taurine, serine. Woyamba asanu ndi anayi kwa amino zidulo tatchulazi ili yofunika kwambiri. Palinso uslovnonezamenimye - amene thupi ntchito mmalo n'kofunika zikafika poipa. Mwachitsanzo, tyrosine, ndi cysteine. Woyamba angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo phenylalanine, ndipo chachiwiri - ngati si methionine. kwa amino zidulo n'kofunika mu zakudya - chofunika kwa kadyedwe.

Kodi chakudya iwo ali?

• Valine - nyama, nsomba.
• Histidine - buckwheat phala, dzinthu, nsomba wofiira, nkhumba ndi nkhuku.
• Isoleucine - mazira, nyama, nsomba, mkaka, cheese, kanyumba tchizi.
• Leucine - mofanana wa isoleucine.
• Methionine - dzinthu, mtedza, walnuts, pistachios, mbewu.
• Threonine - nyama, dzinthu, bowa.
• Tryptophan - Turkey, kalulu, nkhumba, nsomba ya makerele.
• Phenylalanine - nyama, nyemba, nandolo, khobwe, soya, nsomba, tchizi, mkaka, cheese.

ndi zidulo zina zonse kwa amino mu zakudya kudyedwa ndi anthu, ndipo sangathe ukachitikire, chifukwa thupi liri kubala zawo, koma ndi abwino omwe ena a iwo ndi chakudya. Ambiri mwa zofunika kwa amino zidulo zili mankhwala ofanana ndi zofunika, ndiye nyama, nsomba, mkaka - chakudya amene ali wolemera mu mapuloteni.

Mbali ya aliyense asidi kwa amino mu thupi

Aliyense wa zinthu zimenezi amachita ntchito yeniyeni mu thupi. Yofunika kwambiri kwa amino zidulo kuti zonse za moyo ndi zofunika kwambiri, choncho m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi amanena zambiri chokwanira. Popeza waukulu nyumba zidutswa za thupi lathu ndi mapuloteni, tinganene kuti zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi zofunikira ndi amino zidulo. Kodi zofunika kwambiri, tsopano ife ndikuuzani inu. Monga zalembedwa pamwambapa, gulu la amino zidulo ndi histidine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan. Aliyense wa mankhwala awa mankhwala n'chofunikira zenizeni mu thupi. Mwachitsanzo, valine zingamuthandize kukula koyenera, kotero Zakudya wokhutira ayenera ali zedi okwanira mu zakudya ana, achinyamata ndi akatswiri amene mukufuna kuwonjezera ndende ya minofu misa. Histidine komanso amakwaniritsa yofunika kwambiri - nawo ndondomeko ya minofu kusinthika, gawo la hemoglobin (nchifukwa chake zili wake otsika magazi tikulimbikitsidwa kuonjezera kuchuluka ankadya buckwheat). Leucine m'pofunika kuti thupi lithe mapuloteni, komanso kusunga ntchito chitetezo cha m'thupi mlingo woyenera. Lysine - popanda mankhwala mu thupi chabe sadzakhala kuyamwa calcium, kotero inu mukhoza Musalole kupanda asidi izi kwa amino - kuti monga mu zakudya za nsomba zambiri, tchizi ndi zina mkaka. Tryptophan anafunika kupanga vitamini B, komanso mahomoni kuti zonse njala ndi maganizo. mankhwala ali m'gulu nyimbo kulimbikitsa womwe ndi kuthetsa tulo. Phenylalanine ntchito ndi thupi kupanga timadzi monga zikuwonjezereka masiku ano ndi tyrosine. Zinthu zimenezi zimathanso kukhala mbali ya kukonzekera mankhwala amene anatumizidwa ndi tulo kapena nkhawa.

amino zidulo mawu zimapangidwira

Mukudziwa kale kuti zigawo mapulotini zinthu zofunika kwa anthu - ndi kwa amino acid. Kodi mankhwala amenewa, Takambirana kale, tsopano timapita pa katundu wawo mankhwala.

The katundu mankhwala amino zidulo

Aliyense ali pang'ono umunthu, ngakhale ali ofanana. Popeza zikuchokera kwa amino zidulo angakhale osiyana ndi mbali zina zosiyanasiyana mankhwala, ndi katundu ali osiyana pang'ono. Common kuti zinthu zonse za gulu chikhumbo ndi luso condense kupanga mapeputisayidi. Komanso amino zidulo akhoza kutani ndi asidi nitrous, potero kupanga hydroxy asidi, madzi ndi asafe. Komanso, iwo anatani ndi alcohols. Izi ndipamene mchere hydrochloric wa Ester ndi madzi. Kuti anachita zimenezi zimafuna kukhalapo monga chothandizira a acid amathiridwa mu gaseous boma akaphatikiza.

Kodi kuwulula pamaso pawo?

Pali wapadera kudziwa kupezeka kwa zinthu zimenezi zochita Mkhalidwe wa amino zidulo. Mwachitsanzo, kudziwa cysteine, ayenera kuwonjezera kutsogolera nthochi, ndi ntchito kutentha ndi malo zamchere. Pankhaniyi, izo ziyenera kupangidwa kwa sulphide kutsogolera zomwe precipitates wakuda. Komanso chiwerengero cha amino zidulo mu njira zingadziŵike powonjezera asidi nitrous. Phunzirani ndi anamasulidwa ndi buku la asafe.