Thanani ngongole Russia: zambiri zolembedwa kuchokera ku mayiko ena ndipo n'chifukwa

Mayiko ngongole dongosolo ndale ndi bungwe kuti pafupifupi boma borrows mu umodzi ndi kuligonjetsa ndalama bajeti ya mayiko ena amene ali m'madera chidwi wamba. Pa nthawi yomweyo kubweza ngongole kwa ngongole ndalama weniweni uli m'malo mabvuto ntchito. limati Large zambiri kukhululukira ngongole kwa mayiko amene sangathe kulipira ngongole nthawi anapatsidwa ndi chidwi accrued. Komabe, mu mchitidwe dziko ndi ponseponse ndipo "nespisanie" mangawa, ngakhale wakale kwambiri. Yotero ndi Russia.

A ndalama ngongole si nthawi zonse zakuthupi

Ambiri ngongole olembedwa kutali ndi ngongole limati zina m'lingaliro lenileni la mawu, osati zinkaimira. Popeza chuma chuma amati kongoletsani konse ndi sakanati Asatuluke a dziko, kupereka ngongole, ndi zina ndalama izi ngakhale monga chuma kulibe. Zimenezi zalongosoledwa motere: chithandizo ngongole zapatsidwa yomanga, zipangizo, chakudya, amene anali kugula kuchokera ku dziko ngongole, kapena kumanga zomera mphamvu ndi zomangamanga, amene ankayenera kuchita Makampani ngongole dziko. Iwo likukhalira kuti chifukwa ena ngongole dziko kunandithandiza GDP ake.

Chifukwa kongoletsani kuti mayiko amene sangathe kulipira

Nthawi zambiri, ku Russia atatopa thandizo ndalama m'maboma ena kugula zida, chuma chakudya, kapena kumanga zosiyanasiyana maofesi mafakitale ndi zomangamanga, kapena maofesi ulimi mu kulandira State ndalama. Koma chifukwa Russia analemba pa mangawa a m'mayiko ena? Armament opangidwa mu dziko lathu, chuma chakudya, kwambiri, ndi chilengedwe cha maofesi mafakitale ndi zomangamanga, kapena maofesi ulimi anali chinkhoswe ambuye wathu kupereka zipangizo zoweta pa nyumba.

Nyukiliya magetsi chitsanzo cha kukongoza

Chitsanzo ndi chiwerengero cha zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya amene anamangidwa ku mayiko osiyana ndi akatswiri Russian. limati izi anatenga ngongole ndalama latsopano la Russia kumangira zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya, koma mwa kundipatsako kwa zomangira ndiponso kumanga siteshoni ndi akatswiri a dziko lathu, kampani unaperekedwa ndi zida zoweta. N'chifukwa chiyani Russia analemba ngongole? Pambuyo pomanga ndi kukonzekeretsa zovuta ndi Russia walandira wogula yosatha ya mafuta zoweta. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndalama kwa ngongole ya simunawasiye. Ndi kugula zida ndi chakudya, zinthu chimodzimodzi.

Ngongole-free ngongole kwa zida

M'mayiko ambiri muli ndi ngongole la Russia ndi wa ngongole analandira kugula zida. Mwachibadwa, ndalama allocated kugula zida zolinga kumbuyo kapena nkhondo, Boma olandira ngongole ya sitinamuone. Iwo anali wotumidwa ndi Mlengi wa zida zankhondo amene ali m'dera la Russia. phindu ndi: makampani opanga kugwira ntchito malamulo kupanga ndi kusinthidwa ya manja kubwera nthawi zonse, katundu kugula yaitali.

Russia akadali amakwaniritsa malamulo a kusinthidwa zida zankhondo kuti anagulitsidwa ku mayiko ena mwa Soviet Union mu zaka unawonongedwa.

Mawu kugula chakudya chiwembu

Ena anali odwala ndi ngongole kwa ogulidwa chuma chakudya. Angapo a mu Africa mu udindo waukulu pa ngongole kuti Chitaganya cha Russia kugula zipangizo chakudya yaiwisi. States tikudzipereka ndalama kwa ogulidwa tirigu, koma chuma m'mayiko palibe, kuyambira zopangira wakula ndipo amagulitsidwa Russia kapena kugulitsa nkhokwe boma la dziko. The phindu Russia ndi motere: pali ankathandiza alimi awo, amafuna mankhwala wakhala anapereka ntchito kwa alimi.

Chinyezimiro cha ngongole irrecoverable pa moyo zoweta

Ndipotu, ankamvetsa onse ngongole mopitirira monga chothandiza State malowo mafakitale, kuyambira alimi, mathero makampani mphamvu ndi maofesi a asilikali. Izi amapereka kufunika zina pa ulimi ndipo zimachititsa kuti chitukuko cha mafakitale. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ndi bwino kutumiza limanena zikuluzikulu ndalama mwachindunji m'dera lamkati la cuma, koma iwo sangakhoze kumvetsa kuti zimenezi kwenikweni kuthandiza mabizinezi kukhala msika zoweta.

Chifukwa chiyani Russia analemba ngongole ku mayiko ena

thandizo ngongole amapezeka ndi mgwirizano wa umodzi wa maiko ngongole, mayiko wamangawa ndi maiko lachitatu nawo mchitidwewo. Mu nkhani iyi, membala aliyense ali ndi phindu zenizeni zimene zingawonongetse kwambiri kuposa chiwerengero cha ngongole yaperekedwa kwathunthu. Russia analemba ngongole zifukwa zingapo.

Kwathunthu kuchotsa ngongole kuli kovuta. Mwachitsanzo, ku Russia ndi assignee wa USSR, ndi Union pali ena mangawa limati, zimene zimapangitsa kuti amakhulupirira kuti ngati Soviet Union monga kulibenso, ngongoleyo pa ngongole kwambiri, kulibe. Komanso wamangawa dziko mukugwirizana kusintha mu dongosolo boma, kaya ndi kusintha mphamvu pa zinthu zisinthe, magawano mu madera osiyanasiyana ndi ena.

Pankhaniyi, ngongole akhoza m'malo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ubwino kwa dziko opereka ngongole:

• opindulitsa yomanga Mapangano;
• m'zigawo kwa zachilengedwe;
• Pomaliza, yabwino mapangano a zachuma, omwe udzachitike ndalama;
• Mgwirizano ntchito yobweretsa zida apamwamba Russian kumenya nkhondo ndi zolinga kumbuyo.

Pa njira zimenezi ngongole dziko angathe kupeza ndalama, ndi ngongole dziko zipangitsa uliri zonse misika.

Komanso kutha kwa thanani ngongole zofuna ndalama boma, mu zoni chidwi la Chitaganya cha Russia, Kupeza amachita opindulitsa mbali ziwiri, kukhazikitsidwa kwa andale pa malo ena ndi umati okhazikika ndalama. chithandizo akhoza apatsidwe pofuna thandizo kumayiko underdeveloped ndi andale la Chitaganya cha Russia.

Mangawa pa ngongole olembedwa mu Pofuna kukhala m'khola ngongole Russia m'bwalolo dziko. M'mayiko ena apereke ngongole ndi pakafukufuku chidwi, ndipo umati ena ngongole ndalama akhululukidwa. Ndi zaphindu kwa States, koma anthu a dziko silingathe kukhudza.

Zochita wabwinobwino, ndi ngongole ndalama osati kunditumiza ku mayiko ena, komanso kukhala ndi angongole. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti kwa bwino anayamba m'njira ya ndale za ngongole limati, n'zovuta kupeza dziko kuti adzatha ngongole pakuti popanda kusemphana nokha. Choncho, osachepera kuti thanani mbali ya ngongole, kusinthana kwa zotheka opindulitsa mgwirizano - njira zambiri yapamwamba.

Written ngongole ku mayiko ena Russia

Pa zaka makumi awiri zapitazi Russia walemba ngongole kumayiko kuchuluka kwa pafupifupi $ biliyoni 140. Icho chaperekwa okha ngongole amene upambana $ 1 biliyoni. Kotero, ndiye mangawa olembedwa kuchokera Russia. Mayiko ndi zoona, perekani chithandizo? Ndipo mmene Russia walemba ngongole?

Mu 1992, amene anapuma pantchito Russian ngongole Nicaragua ku USSR anakwana madola biliyoni 2,55. Kuchuluka okwana ngongole - 3.4 biliyoni i.e. olembedwa kuchokera pafupifupi 90% ya ngongole. Mu 2004, boma ngongole N'chimodzimodzinso kwathunthu.

1996. Kuchuluka okwana ngongole Angola ku Chitaganya cha Russia chimachititsa $ 5 biliyoni. Ngongole olembedwa kutali ndi kubwerera kwa ngongole mu 2016, mu mawonekedwe a zolemba promissory kuchuluka kwa biliyoni 3.5.

2000. Complete Vietnam ngongole ndi oposa biliyoni khumi. Adawalamulira gawo kuchuluka kwa naini biliyoni theka. Chobwezera cha yotsala ya mochedwa mu 2016-2022 biennium.

2001. Wa biliyoni 6. Ethiopia akhululukidwa biliyoni 4.8. Mu 2005, ngongole za dziko N'chimodzimodzinso kwathunthu.

2003. Mongolia deducted biliyoni 11,1, madola biliyoni 11,4. Kuchuluka otsala miliyoni mazana atatu dziko analipira yomweyo pambuyo Kulipira wa ngongoleyo. Choncho, ngongole wakhala N'chimodzimodzinso zonse.

Chaka chomwecho. Laos. Kuyambira biliyoni 1.3. miliyoni 960 debited.

2004. Kuletsa ngongoleyo Iraq anakwana biliyoni 9,6 kuchokera 10,5. Mutu wa boma ankaganiza kuti padzakhala mgwirizano ndi dziko mu zofuna za makampani Russian.

2005 ntchito ya Siriya ku Russia analipo khumi ndi biliyoni theka dollars. Written kutali anali pafupifupi mabiliyoni khumi. utsogoleri dziko lakhala ankatenga udindo kugula zida ku Russia ndi kuyendetsa kusinthidwa magalimoto oti muli nazo zida.

2006 Algeria akhululukidwa pafupifupi biliyoni asanu dollars.

2007 pang'ono kuposa biliyoni khumi ngongole olembedwa kuchokera Afghanistan.

2008 Iran pafupifupi biliyoni khumi akhululukidwa khumi.

Mu 2008, Libya wakhululukidwa anayi biliyoni theka.

Mu 2010, Mongolia takhululukira madola miliyoni zana khumi.

Mu 2012, ndi Korea North $ biliyoni 11. olembedwa kutali. yotsala ya ngongole wokwanira opitirira wani biliyoni adzakhala ntchito maphunziro, mankhwala ndi mphamvu kugwiritsa ntchito olowa mu Korea North.

Mu 2013, Russia analemba kuchokera Chikigizi ngongole theka biliyoni. miliyoni 188,9 akhululukidwa kamodzi gawo lachiwiri la mphamvu ngongole ya madola miliyoni mazana atatu adzalembedwa mu pang'onopang'ono ofanana M'zaka khumi zikubwerazi.

N'chifukwa chiyani Russia walemba pa ngongole Kyrgyzstan

Mu 2013, Russia akhazikitsa lamulo, limene ovomerezedwa ndi pangano pa lemba ngongole ngongole Kyrgyzstan, mogwirizana ndi zomwe dziko anakhululukidwa ngongole kuchuluka kwa ndalama zankhaninkhani 188,9. Koma izi si kobiri yonsene ya ngongole.

Kyrgyzstan mpaka kukhala Russia ali $ 300 miliyoni. ngongole imeneyi, anaganiza thanani mbali, ndicho $ 30 miliyoni. kwa chaka. Pa nthawi yomweyo Kyrgyzstan chiwongoladzanja pa ngongole ndalama, koma March 2016, ndi accrual chidwi ndinayima. Pa nthawi madola 300 miliyoni. 60 miliyoni ngongole akhululukidwa. Mu April 2017, akuluakulu a boma asapita ngongole, inalengeza chiyambi cha zokambirana pa lemba wolemera otsala buku ngongole, m'malo pachaka. Protocol anakhazikitsa kuti pambuyo poti kusainira dziko akhala chilichonse ayenera kukhala Russian.

Russia walemba pa ngongole ndi Kyrgyzstan, kufotokoza izo mu njira iyi kuti adzatithandiza pa chitukuko cha dziko.

Mangawa kwa Russia mu 2017 ku mayiko ena

Chibwenzi, ngongole kunja Russia pamaso m'mayiko ena - ndi udindo kwa iwo okha yotsala ya Soviet Union. Chifukwa chosowa ufulu kumulowetsa ndalama, amene akanakhoza kulipira katundu ndi ntchito operekedwa ndi maiko ena anachita kubwereka ochokera m'mayiko ena.

Public kunja ngongole Russia

Russia a nongole masamu mu mawu dollar. Iye anakulira mu nthawi yamavuto, pamene dziko analephera kubweza ngongole yake panopa, anatenga ngongole watsopano, ndi accrue akale. Chaka chatha wa ngongole Russia ndi mayiko ngongole chinawonjezeka ndi 15,4% ndipo anakwana pafupifupi mazana asanu ndi twente-foro biliyoni dollars. The ngongole kwambiri Russia ku United States ndi EU. Iye anali US $ biliyoni 125,3.

Zolinga kubweza ngongole 2017 kunja pagulu

Pa 2017 Russia ndi kulipira aang'ono ndalama kuposa kale kale. Izi zikhoza anafotokoza motere:

• RF analephera kusunga kusiyana zabwino pakati pa mtengo ndi mtengo ndondomeko katundu ndi matanthauzo mu 2017 ndipo zoyambirira za 2016, kusiyana anakwana madola biliyoni 74,7.
• boma adzakhala ndalama za katundu katundu chifukwa alipire ngongole.
• kusintha ngongole malonda pa nkhani chomangira adzapatsidwa.

pomaliza

Amene anapuma pantchito mangawa Russian zopanda ndalama zambiri ndalama. Experience timakhala Russia ndi amangawa yake yaikulu ndalama mu nthawi pambuyo Soviet zikusonyeza kuti si dziko kuti padera ndalama zambiri kulungamitsa kukhulupirirana ndi kuthekera mgwirizano. Koma nthawi yomweyo pali zochitika zina zingapo imene mayiko wamangawa ndi cholinga kuthetsa chuma cha boma.