Balkan mayiko ndi njira zawo ufulu wodzilamulira

The Balkan dera limatchedwa "fumbi keg" ku Ulaya. Ndipo si ngozi. Mu zaka mazana makumi awiri pamenepa ndiye inadutsa nkhondo ndi mikangano zamitundu yonse. Ndipo First World nkhondo anayamba apa, Sarajevo anaphedwa wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu wa Austria ndi Hungary. Kumayambiriro 90 ntchentche wa maiko Balkan aona mantha lina lalikulu - azingokhala Yugoslavia. chochitika kwambiri reshape mapu ndale za Region European.

Balkan dera ndipo madera ake

Pa malo ochepa makilomita lalikulu 505 zikwi zili m'mayiko onse Balkan. The madera a pachilumbachi ndi yosiyanasiyana. mwanyanja yake kwambiri kuligaŵa nasamba ndi nyanja asanu. Dera la Balkans, makamaka lamapiri kwambiri kuligaŵa ndi maphompho kwambiri. Komabe, chimbuzi cha pachilumbachi - phiri Musala - nedotyagivaet mpaka mamita 3000 mu msinkhu.

ena awiri zinthu zachilengedwe zikusonyeza kuti dera lino: ndi kuchuluka kwa zilumba yaing'ono kuchokera gombe (makamaka Croatia), komanso ambiri njira karst (imene Slovenia ndi wotchuka Karst, amene anali ngati mayina mwiniwake kwa gulu linalake la landforms).

Peninsula, dzina amachokera mawu Turkey Balkan, kutanthauza "lokwera lalikulu ndi amenewa." The malire kumpoto kwa Balkans ambiri ikuchitika mwa mitsinje Danube ndi Sava.

Balkan mayiko: mndandanda

Today pa dera la Balkans, pali mabungwe khumi pagulu (pakati pawo - 9 mayiko odzilamulira ndi chimodzi - pang'ono anazindikira). Mmunsimu muli mndandanda wa iwo, kuphatikizapo mayiko Balkan likulu:

1. Slovenia (likulu - Ljubljana).
2. Greece (Athens).
3. Bulgaria (Sofia).
4. Romania (Mzinda).
5. Macedonia (Skopje).
6. Bosnia ndi Herzegovina (Sarajevo).
7. Serbia (Belgrade).
8. Montenegro (Podgorica).
9. Croatia (Zagreb).
10. The Republic of Kosovo (pang'ono ankazindikira kuti ndi likulu lake ku Pristina).

Tikumbukenso kuti ena classifications dera kumayiko Balkan komanso kusanja ndi Moldova.

M'mayiko Balkan pa njira ya chitukuko palokha

Mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma XIX, anthu onse Balkan anali m'goli la Turkey ndi Austria-Hungary, zimene zingathe chitukuko dziko kapena chikhalidwe. Mu 60-70s Mu zaka zapitazo mu Balkans itakula dziko kumasulidwa kuzichita. Balkan mayiko osiyanasiyana, kuyesera kubwerera pa njira ya chitukuko palokha.

The woyamba anali Bulgaria. Mu 1876, zipolowe pano, amene Komabe, kuponderezedwa mwankhanza anthu a ku Turkey. Pokwiya ndi zimenezi wamagazi, amene adapha za 30 zikwi Orthodox Bulgarians, Russia kulengeza nkhondo pa Turkey. Pomaliza, Turkey anakakamizika kuzindikira ufulu wa Bulgaria.

Mu 1912, kutsatira chitsanzo cha Bulgarians ufulu wodzilamulira ndi Albania. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Bulgaria, Serbia ndi Greece kulenga otchedwa "Balkan Union" kuti potsiriza asiye goli Turkey. Atangobadwa Turkey anathamangitsidwa kuchokera pachilumbachi. Mu ulamuliro anali kokha kachidutswa kakang'ono malo mzinda wa Constantinople.

Komabe, pambuyo kugonjetsa adani awo wamba, mayiko Balkan ayamba kumenyana okha-okha. Choncho, Bulgaria, ndi thandizo la Austria-Hungary anaukira Serbia ndi Greece. Otsiriza, nayenso, wapereka thandizo nkhondo Romania.

Pomaliza, lalikulu "fumbi keg" The Balkans anakhala June 28, 1914, pamene Serb Sarajevo Mfundo anaphedwa ankayembekezera kulowa ufumu wa Austria ndi Hungary, Prince Ferdinand. Popeza First World nkhondo, amene ankawakonda lonse la Europe, ndi mayiko ena mu Asia, Africa ndipo ngakhale America Central.

Azingokhala Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia analengedwa mu 1918, nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa liquidation wa Austria ndi Hungary. The ndondomeko ya azingokhala ake, yomwe inayamba mu 1991, kwambiri zinasintha alipo pa nthawi imeneyo mapu ndale ku Ulaya.

Choyamba ku Yugoslavia, chifukwa cha otchedwa 10-day nkhondo, ndinafika ku Slovenia. Iwo Pambuyo Croatia, koma nkhondo asilikali pakati Croatia ndi Serbia inatenga zaka 4.5 ndipo unapha anthu osachepera 20,000. Pa nthawi yomweyo anapitiriza wa ku Bosnia nkhondo, zomwe zinachititsa kuzindikira boma latsopano la Bosnia ndi Herzegovina.

Imodzi mwa magawo lotsiriza la azingokhala Yugoslavia wakhala referendum pa ufulu Montenegro, chimene chinachitika mu 2006. Malinga ndi zotsatira, 55,5% ya Montenegro anavotera kuti secede ku Serbia.

Kusakhazikika ufulu wa Kosovo

17 February 2008 Kosovo Republic unilaterally ananena ufulu wodzilamulira. anthu m'mayiko anachita zimenezi anali osokoneza kwambiri. Pakali pano, Kosovo ngati boma palokha, anazindikira okha 108 TH dziko (pa anthu 193 UN). Pakati pawo - United States ndi Canada, Japan, Australia, ambiri a mayiko EU, komanso m'mayiko ena mu Africa ndi Latin America.

Komabe, ufulu wa Republic sanayambebe anazindikira mwa Russia ndipo China (zomwe zili mbali ya Bungwe la UN Security), amene salola Kosovo kukhala membala zonse za mabungwe waukulu wa mayiko wa dziko.

Pomaliza ...

Modern Balkan mayiko ayamba ulendo wawo ufulu wodzilamulira mu m'ma XIX. Komabe, mapangidwe malire mu Balkans akadali osati anamaliza.

Pakali pano, mayiko khumi allocated mu Balkan dera. Izi Slovenia, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Macedonia, Bosnia ndi Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, ndi pang'ono anazindikira boma la Kosovo.