"Borodino m'munda" (owonetsera zakale-otetezedwa): zokopa, malongosoledwe

Mu mbiri ya nkhondo ya boma lililonse ndi nkhondo, omwe anakhala inasintha. Pakuti Russia mu nkhondo ya 1812 anakhala chiwiri zinachitika mu September Nkhondo ya Borodino.

Izo zinachitika m'munda chimodzimodzi zana ndi khumi makilomita ku Moscow kumadzulo kwa Mozhaisk.

asilikali Borodin Russian Napoleon anagonjetsedwa onse a ku Ulaya ndipo tsopano ataima pa njira kwa Moscow, anali atachititsidwa manyazi a mphamvu kwambiri kuti French sanali bwino. Nkhondo imeneyi amunamuna chinali chiyambi cha kugonjetsedwa kwa anagonjetsa asilikali mdani.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Zochitika za 1812 tidasiya chizindikiro awo osati mbiri Russian, komanso m'mbiri ya Ulaya yense. Ndipo n'zosadabwitsa kuti malo kumene kunali munthu wa zochitika zikuluzikulu nkhondo, izo n'kukhala chikumbutso.

chakuti munda chofunika kukhalabe mbiri kwa zaka zambiri, Russian anamvetsa zaka khumi akadzagonjetsedwa Napoleon. Azambiriyakale kufotokoza dongosolo la mmene munda Borodino inasanduka Museum.

Kutuzov anatembenukira kwa akulu gofmeysterine Naryshkina ndi lamulo analimbikitsa Russian zasungidwa. Iye analemba kuti aike redoubts zaka Only. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mu malo anafa alimba mtima General Tuchkov, anayamba kumanga Mpingo wa Mpulumutsi, pambuyo asilikali oposa zikwi makumi asanu wafa kunkhondo.

anapeza

Museum-Reserve "munda Borodino" kunayamba August 1839, chaka. Tsiku lomwelo, ndi nawo Mfumu Nicholas Ine ndi ophunzira za kunkhondo ya mzere stopyatidesyatitysyachnogo asilikali pa batire Rajewski - waukulu Buku mfundo za asilikali Russian pa nkhondo - pa chitunda, ndi msinkhu wa chipilala cha inapatulidwa ndi wamanga A. Adamini. Mu miyezi yochepa chabe izi zisanachitike, pa maziko ake ndipo anaikidwa m'manda phulusa la General PI Bagration - mmodzi wa ngwazi za Borodino.

Suli kutali mphanga chipilala, ndipo anapangidwa kuti asilikali anamenyela linamangidwa ndi lamulo la Mfumu, amene anali kusunga buku kubwera kuwona dongosolo la nkhondo ndi zofunkha anasiyidwa ndi iye. Komanso, iwo anali kusamalira mmanda chipilala Bagration. Choncho owonetsera zakale "Borodino Field" linatsegulidwa.

mafotokozedwe

Izi chipilala mbiri ndi chimodzi cha wamkulu pakati zochokera ku munda wa nkhondo. Mu 1961 izo anadzatchedwa boma Borodino nkhondo ndi History Museum ndi Reserve, ndipo zili m'gulu la kalembera wa zinthu zofunikira kwambiri mndandanda wa cholowa chikhalidwe cha Russia.

M'dera la zone ake otetezedwa - makilomita lalikulu mazana asanu ndi makumi asanu. Sam Borodino nkhondo ndi History Museum ndi Reserve - dera lomwe lili mu mamita zana limodzi ndi khumi lalikulu. m. The chinthu chachikulu kusonyeza zoona, munda yokha, kumene mu August, asilikali masiku asanu Russian kutsogoleredwa ndi Kutuzov anamenyera Moscow.

nyumbayi mu maonekedwe ake amakono unakhazikitsidwa mu 1902. Iwo anali odabwitsa kwambiri ndi zochita mosayembekezereka. Mutu yakumadzulo / anthu d "Borodino" siteshoni anaganiza zopanga "Museum 1812", kuwayika mu chimodzi cha zipinda siteshoni. Patapita zaka khumi, kukondwerera chidzatha liti - zaka zana pambuyo nkhondo. Madyerero zinachitika mwaunyinji. Panali ngakhale anamanga zipilala pokumbukira asilikali otchuka kwambiri ndi asilikari a gulu lankhondo tsarist.

Sate-faifi zipilala kubwezeretsedwa ndipo Anamanga Shevardino redoubt. Ndi kulimbitsa oyambirira kulandira nkhonyayo. Zakhala ankamangidwanso ndipo mmodzi wa amatuluka ndi.

Kayendedwe

Lowani "Borodino m'munda" (owonetsera zakale-otetezedwa) ndi zotheka pa galimoto pa msewu Moscow-Minsk. Kuyambira Mozhaisk kupita kumadzulo ku mudzi wa dzina chomwecho, ndiye kumanja kwa chipilala chachikulu.

Sitima kuchoka Belorussky Railway Station. basi A kubwera kwa "Borodino m'munda" (owonetsera zakale) kungakhale ku yapansi "Kupambana Park" siteshoni basi chiwerengero 457.

Pafupi ndi likulu la kukhudzana ndi pafupi Spaso-Borodino Akatolika okonzeka magalimoto omasuka, anafuna osati kwa magalimoto komanso shuttles ulendowu.

zomangamanga

State Borodino usilikali-zakale Museum anatsegula nthambi yake mu mzinda wa Mozhaisk. Izi ndi m'dera Local History Center ndi Nyumba ya wojambula Gerasimov.

Lero, zoyesa za mtundu oyendetsa kukhala misonkhano, anaonetsetsa chitetezo cha ndalama. Koma chinthu chachikulu - kulenga zinthu zachilendo kwa zakale kuphatikizapo poyera poyera.

ntchito

Ntchito ina yofunika kwambiri kuti lero amachitikira ndi "Borodino m'munda" (Museum), anali kuwonjezera, kulembetsa ndi openga ya zopereka. Patsogolo wa chipilala yakale imeneyi - permament chionetsero. Chinthu china chofunika kukonzanso misewu, zakale, kuphatikizapo makina. zinthu izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mosalekeza.

Nkofunika ntchito "Borodino munda" owonera zakale-malo likhale ndi kuzindikira ntchito, zomwe ndi zochokera kachiwiri kukhazikitsidwa kwa kale anataya zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho panja, kukhazikitsanso awo kubwezeretsedwanso motetezera. Today mwachangu anathamangitsa museumification mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe malo mu malo, komanso monga zipilala munthu ndi zinthu zimene koma analowa m'nyumbayi "Borodino kumunda."

zowoneka

Ankadziwa malo mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe ayenera anayamba mwachindunji ku eponymous pasiteshoni ya sitima. Pano ku chikumbutso 190th nkhondo linatsegulidwa chionetsero zoyenera zochitika ndi ngwazi pa nkhondo. Pamafunikanso ena zipangizo pa zochitika za October 1941 mu gawolo.

Komabe, chionetsero zofunika kwambiri cha nyumbayi lili pakati pa munda wa Borodino. Iwo chinamasulidwa mu hema pafupi batire Rajewski. Wotchedwa "Borodino - nkhondo ya ziphona", chionetserocho amasunga okha zikho apachiyambi zakale zokhudzana ndi nkhondo wotchuka. Apa Mwachitsanzo, mukhoza kuona zida ndi yunifolomu ya asilikali a asilikali Russian ndi French, komanso mbendera ndi mfundo zolemba zawo ndi makadi mphotho.

"Borodino m'munda" (owonetsera zakale-otetezedwa) poyera kwambiri za katundu wa gulu nkhondo. Nawa anasonyeza ndi zithunzi, amene analengedwa ndi anamenyela ndi m'nthawi ya nkhondo ya 1812-TH,

Mpulumutsi Borodino Akatolika

Pambuyo malo pakati chionetsero ayenera kupita kumalo kumene anaima mpingo waung'ono. Lero, mu malo ake anali atamanga obisika Spaso-Borodino, mu gawo limene makamu zisudzo angapo. Mwachitsanzo, kufotokoza kuwauza za chimene chimapanga "Borodino m'munda" (owonetsera zakale-otetezedwa) pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, ntchito ya chipatala kumunda, idagwatiwa pa malo kuchokera July kuti September 1941, etc.

Kenako chionetsero - "Asilikali luso chidole" - pang'ono chithunzi chachisoni dilutes amene m'mbuyomu. Iye ankakonda kwambiri alendo pang'ono. Ziwerengero za asilikali zosiyanasiyana nthawi zakale, komanso kamangidwe wapadera, kusonyeza chimodzi zochitika nkhondo, kupanga ana maola kutsogolo kwa maguwa.

Padakali pano, anyamatawo amasirira asilikali, akulu angathe kupita kukaona refectory ya agulupa Spaso-Borodino ndi alidziwe zosonkhanitsira wachuma wa asilikali Gallery. Zithunzi za asilikali ndi alonda, corporals ndi mamembala wamba a Borodino ... Iwo anasonkhana chithunzi gallery, amene ali padziko makumi luso zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho.

"Borodino m'munda" (owonetsera zakale-otetezedwa) sizikanakhala amenewa popanda kutchula dzina la Russian tingachipeze powerenga Lva Tolstogo ndipo, ndithudi, buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". Wolemba mu 1867 mbamudakhala kuno ku munthu. Iye anakhala pa hotelo pafupi mpingo, kusonkhanitsa chuma cha buku lake lotsatira.

Lero, makoma a wakale alendo wotsogolera, chionetsero kuwauza za ngwazi za buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" ndi chotenga mbali mu nkhondo ya Borodino, komanso malo kumene anathira Andrey Bolkonsky.

M'nyumba yaing'ono ndi owonetsera zakale nthawi yomweyo Amayi Aakulu, amene dziko dzina lake Margarita Mikhailovna (wamasiye wa General Tuchkov) ayenera kuyang'ana kulengedwanso mkati mwa nyumba ya Amayi Maria - woyambitsa wa Spaso-Borodino Akatolika.

Pomaliza, alendo akupemphedwa kuti apite pa ulendo wa asilikali mbiri Pamudzi "Doronin" - m'mudzi wapadera kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, imene kulengedwanso wamba ndi moyo asilikali a m'nthawi imeneyo. Apa, osati kuwona ndi kudziwa kumene ndi momwe iwo ankakhalira alonda ndi asilikali pa nkhondo ya 1812, komanso kulawa weniweni msilikali kuguba phala.