Chidule "Matryona", nkhani ya Solzhenitsyn

Ngakhale chidule cha nkhani "Matryona", lolembedwa ndi Alexander Solzhenitsyn mu 1963, angathe kupatsa owerenga lingaliro la moyo wa umutu wa hinterland Russian akumidzi.

Chidule "Matryona" (Mau oyamba)

Panjira ku Moscow, 184 Km wa Murom ndi nthambi Kazan ngakhale Patangotha miyezi isanu zotchulidwa sitima amatipeza kubweza. Zifukwa zodziwika kokha kwa owerenga ndi makina.

Chidule "Matryona" (Gawo 1)

The owerenga, kubwerera ku Asia mu 1956, atachokako kwa nthawi yaitali (kumenyana, koma sizinayende kubwerera ku nkhondo, wolandiridwa zaka 10 m'misasa), anapeza ntchito ku mudzi sukulu masamu mphunzitsi wa hinterland Russian. Safuna kukhala mu Township m'chipindacho "torfoprodukty" anali kufunafuna ngodya kuti pafamu kukakhala ndi. M'mudzi Talnovo lendi zinachititsa kuti Matrona Vasilyevna Grigoryeva, mkazi wosakwatiwa wa zaka makumi asanu.

Matrona anali m'kanyumba akale ndi momveka anamanga banja lalikulu. The chipinda mdima, zenera miphika ndi miphika mwakachetechete "tikulephera" ficus - okondedwa Hostess. nyumba akadali moyo wopunduka mphaka, mbewa, ndi kitchenette kakang'ono - mphemvu.

Marya Vasilievna anali kudwala, koma sanapereke kulumala, ndi penshoni sanalandire icho, osati zokhudzana ndi kalasi ntchito. Famu ntchito ntchito zawo, ndiye, panalibe ndalama.

Matrona anali kudyetsedwa yokha ndi kudyetsedwa Ignaticha - alendo aphunzitsi - bwino: mbatata yaing'ono ndi phala la Tirigu yotsika mtengo. m'mudzimo mafuta anakakamizika kuba kukhulupirira, amene sankatha kumtunda. Osachepera m'dera ndi ncho peat, koma am'deralo sakuyenera kugulitsa.

Moyo Wobvuta wa Matrona inkakhala zinthu zosiyana: kusonkhanitsa peat ndi youma stumps ndi cranberries mu bogs ndi, kuthamangathamanga maofesi a satifiketi kwa penshioni, migodi mobisa udzu kwa mbuzi, komanso abale ndi anansi. Koma yozizira anali kusintha moyo pang'ono - matenda tiyeni n'kuyamba kupereka ake kwa lodger ake ndi penshioni ting'onoting'ono. Anasangalala kuti ndinatha kuyitanitsa nsapato zatsopano, malaya kusintha yakale greatcoat sitima ndi kugula jekete latsopano.

Chidule "Matryona" (Gawo 2)

Tsiku lina mphunzitsi anagwidwa nyumba wakuda bearded wachikulire - Faddeya Grigoreva amene anabwera kupempha mwana wake-otaika. Kunapezeka kuti Faddeya Matrena anali kukwatiwa, koma kupita kunkhondo, ndipo kwa zaka zitatu panalibe uthenga kwa iye. Kuti amukopere Yefim iye, mng'ono wake (atafa amake m'manja mwa banja analibe), anapita naye ku nyumba yomwe inamangidwa ndi atate awo, kumene ankakhala lero.

Thaddeus anabwerera kuchokera ku ukapolo, osati anadula iwo okha, chifukwa m'bale wake anali wachisoni. Anakwatira mwa Matrona chomwecho, kudula kanyumba watsopano, pamene iye anali ndi moyo ndi mkazi wake ndi ana ake asanu. Kuti ena Matrona, nthawi zambiri pambuyo kumenyedwa anayamba kudandaula za umbombo ndi nkhanza za mwamuna wake.

Mu Matrona Vasilevny ana awo analibe makanda asanu anali m'manda nkhondo isanayambe. Yefim anatengedwera ku nkhondo, ndipo iye anali kusowa.

Kenaka ndinafunsa Matrona pa Dzina mwana wake mu chisamaliro oterewa. Anakulira kunyumba, Kira mtsikana amene anakwatira kuchokera bwinobwino - kwa dalaivala achinyamata m'mudzi wina wapafupi komwe zina iye anatumiza. kupweteka zambiri, mkaziyo anaganiza bequeath gawo la kanyumba Kira, ngakhale kuti anayesedwa Matrenin mlongo atatu.

Cyrus anapempha cholowa chake, kenako kumanga nyumba. Thaddeus nkhalamba akufuna kupereka nyumba ndi moyo Matrona, ngakhale kuti unali wabwino kwambiri kuswa nyumba imene anakhala zaka makumi anayi.

Iye anasonkhanitsa achibale disassemble chipinda, ndiyeno kachiwiri kusonkhanitsa, kanyumba iye ndi mnyamata kuti banja ndi bambo ake anamanga kuti iye ndi Matrona choyamba. Pamene kugogoda nkhwangwa amuna, akazi anakonza mowa wamphamvu ndi akamwe zoziziritsa kukhosi.

Pamene yonyamula kanyumba pa ya sitima ndizi munakhala sled ndi matabwa. Mu mawilo a sitima nthunzi anapha anthu atatu, kuphatikizapo Matrona.

Chidule "Matryona" (Part 3)

Kumudziko maliro maliro utumiki anali ngati kuthetsa nkhani. Mlongo Matryona, kulirira pa m'bokosi, nawatanthawuzira maganizo ake - kumbuyo lamanja la cholowa chake, ndipo anali wachibale wa mwamuna wake mochedwa Mmagulumagulu. Thaddeus losakhutiritsidwa yokhota wakuba anakokera akadali zipika kupatsidwa ndi makeke kuti bwalo lake: kutaya wabwino chosayenera ndi zochititsa manyazi.

Kumvetsera ndemanga m'mudzimo wa Matrona, mphunzitsi anazindikira kuti sanali oyenera chimango watsiku ndi m'mphawi malingaliro za chimwemwe: osasunga nkhumba, sanafune kuti zovala zabwino ndi kubisala pansi kudzawala ake makhalidwe onse ndi ugliness wa moyo. Chisoni pa imfa ya mwamuna ndi ana sichinali zoipa ndiponso yankhanza iye akadali kuthandiza onse kwaulere ndi kusangalala ndi zinthu zonse zabwino zimene zinachitika pa moyo wake. Ndipo amamuonera okwana zomera labala, wosalimba ndi zauve mphaka ndi woyera mbuzi. anthu onse okhala kumeneko, sankadziwa zomwe iye akuchita ndi woona wolungama, popanda zomwe sindingathe kuima mudzi kapena mudzi, kapena dziko lathu.

Mu nkhani yake Solzhenitsyn ( "Matryona") sakhala ndi chidule cha M'nkhani ya analemba kuti Matrona anakhulupirira kutifotokozera mwina anali Amitundu. Koma kunapezeka kuti moyo wake si m'chaching'ono kumbali kwa malamulo a makhalidwe abwino ndi makhalidwe achikhristu.