Robert Haynlayn: zolemba, ntchito yabwino

Mmodzi wa aakulu olemba American - Robert Haynlayn - anabadwa mu Missouri, July 7, 1907. Ibid anakhala ubwana wake. Chikoka lalikulu pa mapangidwe umunthu wa mwanayo anali agogo ake omwe, poyamba, anam'phunzitsa kukonda kuwerenga, ndipo, kachiwiri, kukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino mwa iye, monga kudzipereka ndi udindo. Onse chilakolako ankasewera Chess, limaphunzitsa ya kulingalira.

Maphunziro ndi zokonda

Banja la Robert anali amphamvu mwambo yachikristu, choncho analeredwa mzimu okhwima Oyeretsa. Icho chinali chiphunzitso cha Methodist, otchuka m'dera US. Zina zoletsedwa pa mowa wambiri aliyense, njuga, kuvina ndi zina zambiri. M'kupita kwa nthawi, Heinlein wachoka ku malamulo amenewa kwambiri kuti anakhudzidwa zilembo za m'mabuku ake.

Kusukulu, mwanayo ambiri amakonda sayansi yeniyeni: masamu, sayansi ndi zamoyo. malingaliro ake anasintha atamva za chiphunzitso zinachokera Charles Darwin. Mu Kansas City, komwe ankakhala, malo amalikonda anali laibulale, kumene Iye adayandikira mabuku n'kotheka nkhani pamwamba.

mapangidwe

Robert Haynlayn anali ndi abale atatu ndi alongo atatu. Iye anatsatira chitsanzo cha achikulire - Rex - ndi kupita kunkhondo. Cholinga chake chinali mzinda wa Annapolis, kumene kunali United States Naval Academy. Dongosolo American wa gulu la Mamembala ku mayunivesite awa ndi kobvuta kwambiri. Mosiyana mayunivesite wamba, kumene kutumiza makalata zikalata zonse zofunikira ofunikabe ndi kupeza umboni yabwino ku Congressmen amene akhoza kumupatsa munthu kuumba yopemphera. Zinthu zovuta ndi chakuti, malinga ndi malamulo ku banja lina ku sukulu, koma munthu ku m'badwo wina akhoza kupeza. Choncho kale anali ndi mchimwene Rex, koma Robert sanafooke nayamba zimazunzitsa anthu udindo wa makalata ndi pempho.

Pa izi anatenga chaka. Panthawi imeneyi, Robert Haynlayn anaphunzira njira imodzi pa University of Missouri. Pamene sukulu anayamba kusankha ntchito, zikuoneka kuti analandira 50 ntchito kwa anthu 50 ndi wina ofunsira 50 ochokera wodandaulayu chomwecho. Izi zinali Robert. Iye bwinobwino adalowa, anasamukira ku Bancroft Hall. Otchedwa kogona midshipmen, kumene cadets moyo.

zombo

Service kenako adzasonyeza zimenezo ntchito ya wolemba. Mu 1948 iye analemba buku "Space Cadet» (Space Cadet - mu Russia komanso anamasuliridwa kuti "Space Oyang'anira"). Mu bukhu, wolemba amachita kukumbukira nostalgic wa nthaŵi mu Navy mwa prism wa mwawo. The protagonist mankhwala amapita ku kulondera sukulu, ndipo kenako anapitiriza kukaona ku Venus.

Robert Haynlayn yekha ntchito yake panyanja taonera zosiyanasiyana zikayenda bwino kwambiri. Kuwonjezera pa mfundo yakuti iye anatha kusunga khalidwe la makolo mu maphunziro, nawonso chinkhoswe mu kuwombera, kuchinga ndi tikulimbana. Tinkachita onse anakhala ngwazi ya sukulu zawo. Pambuyo amasulidwe dzina lake anali pamndandanda wa cadets zabwino.

Maphunziro a Academy mu 1929, Heinlein analimbikitsidwa ndi chizindikiro. Zinali junior kapitawo udindo. Adakali wophunzira adali ntchitoyi pa mabwalo zosiyanasiyana - "Utah", "Oklahoma" ndi "Arkansas". Choyamba pano adalandira pa ndege chonyamulira "Lexington", kuphatikizapo Navy US tithe. Ntchito yake inali kuyan'ana khalidwe kulankhulana pakati pa sitima ndi ndege. Komabe, ntchito lawonongeka chifukwa cha ukupeza - kapitawo wamng'ono anapezeka ndi TB. Ngakhale pambuyo Robert anachira, iye sankandilola kutumikira, ndi wosankhidwa anapuma.

Chiyambi cha ntchito zolembalemba

Kulephera njira wamba a malonda ndi mangawa pa ngongole anapatsidwa Heinlein chingatilimbikitse kuyamba kulemba ndi kufalitsa ntchito zawo za luso. Mu 1939 anagulitsa amene akufalitsa nkhani yake yoyamba "Life Line". Pambuyo pake, udachita makamaka kulemba zinthu, kupeza masewera ena onse.

"Line Moyo" chinalembedwa mu mtundu wanyimbo wa yopeka yomwe yakhala leitmotif ntchito lonse, amene anatsatira Robert Haynlayn. Comments pa nkhani akhala zabwino, ndi wolemba anaganiza kupitiriza "Line a Moyo" mkombero ntchito zofanana.

Zotsatira zake zinali "The History of the Future." Zimenezi zinaphatikizapo nkhani zochepa, novellas komanso mabuku. Chiwembu cha mbiri zowombetsa mkota anthu mu nthawi ya XX m'ma XXIII. Buku la linalembedwa pa chiyambi cha ntchito za mlembi, komanso 1945 ndi 1950. Editor Dzhon Kempbell wotchedwa mutu wakuti "History of the Future," ndi kulimbikitsa izo zosiyanasiyana mabuku.

Kuyenda mosavuta, tebulo wapadera, womwenso uli limafotokozera ndi zilembo zazikulu, wolemba amene anali Robert Haynlayn yekha analengedwa ndi nkhambakamwa chilengedwe. Zopambana za dongosolo wakhala tingachipeze powerenga za mtundu wanyimbo ndipo icho chokha "History" mu 1966, anali asankha kuti "Hugo," koma kuzilandira izo "malo" Ayzeka Azimova.

mabuku aana

Heinlein yoyamba lofalitsidwa buku anaonekera mu 1947. Icho chinali "roketi ngalawa" Galileo "." Chiwembu cha buku adalemba ulendo wa ku mwezi. Pa nthawi imeneyo, wofalitsa ankaganiza kuti nkhaniyi kwambiri sikuthandiza ndi sadzayanjidwa ndi anthu. Choncho, wolemba anatumiza pamanja ana Charles Scribner kumene anayamba kuchita ntchito pa nkhani ubwana ndi unyamata. Iwo anali wotchuka kwambiri pakati penipeni omvera ake, komanso akuluakulu nthawi zonse. Ndiyeno panali zambiri polemba chinenero clichés, ndi Robert Heinlein. Zothandizira m'gulu nkhani alendo parasitic kulamulira Mapulaneti ndi T D..

Mphotho ndi kupambana

Buku "kawiri Star" anali woyamba, amene analandira mphoto yapamwamba "Hugo". M'tsogolo, mphoto chomwechi anafuna ntchito "Starship Troopers," "Mlendo m'dziko lachilendo", "The Moon -. Mwano Dona" Monga m'modzi wa omwe adayambitsa polemba chinenero, mlembiyu zina ankalemekeza mphoto zina, kuphatikizapo atamwalira.

Choyamba buku, amene anali kumenya kunja mu "mwana" Lingaliro anali "Starship Troopers", wolembedwa mu 1959 pa funde la mkwiyo US pulogalamu nyukiliya. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyi, wolemba ndi tanthauzo lalikulu anali zolinga za mikangano chikhalidwe ndi nkhani zina kwambiri.

Mlendo mu chachirendo Land

Mu 1961, iye anamasulidwa bwino kwambiri ndi odziwika buku "Mlendo mu chachirendo Land". Anthu ndiye American anadabwa kwambiri ndi funso lakuthwa analeredwa ndi Robert Haynlayn. Olowa m'gulu makani ufulu chikondi, libertarianism, anthu azikhala ndi mfundo zina aumunthu.

Bukuli analengedwa pa zaka khumi, amene ndi umboni kwa mwini. Chifukwa chimodzi chinali ndiye-kufufuza, amene ndikoletsedwa ndi mafunso okhudza mfundo kugonana. Mu umodzi wa Mabaibulo oyamba ntchito umatchedwa "The Mpatuko", zimene zimasonyeza tanthauzo la nkhaniyo. The protagonist wa mabang'i, analeredwa ndi Martians, akubwerera ku dziko lapansi, kumene iye anakhala Mesiya mwa anthu akuderalo. Kufufuza atazikocheza kota Malemba chifukwa cha zolinga kugonana ndi achipembedzo. kope Complete wolemba anatuluka mu 1991.

mankhwala nazo zochuluka za allusions, kuphatikizapo nkhani ya Mowgli, Kipling akadali ntchito. Mutu kwambiri a buku ndi mawu onena za Baibulo.

"Mlendo mu chachirendo Land" kungachititse kutsutsana za kuopsa merging a chipembedzo ndi mphamvu. Anakulira maganizo Mkhristu banja kusintha malamulo wolemba pa ziphunzitso ovomerezeka.

mtengo

Komanso, nkhani imeneyi ndi pang'ono mu buku "Job" Anapitiriza. Ilo linali buku satirical kuti wakhala chizindikiro cha gawo lotsiriza la zolemba, ndi wolemba amene anali Robert Haynlayn. Ntchito alandira allusions ambiri chobisika ndi kufananitsa, ndiwo owerenga osakonzekera ankadabwa kumvetsedwa.

Wolemba ndi chimodzi mwa ambuye zitatu zazikulu maloto ndime ndi Isake Asimov ndi Arturom Klarkom. dzina lake kugwirizana ndi zaka golide wa mtundu wanyimbo pamene anali wotchuka kwambiri makamaka pakati pa anthu wamba owerenga. Propaganda maganizo sayansi ntchito izi wasanduka chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri ndipo wotsogolera wa danga mpikisano, ndi maphunziro ambiri umenewu.

moyo

Mu chaka cha maphunziro (1929) Heinlein anakwatira mtsikana kuyambira kusukulu. Komabe, chifukwa boma maulendo mwamuna ukwati ntchito, ndipo posakhalitsa mkazi akadandaule kusudzulana. Mu 1932, Robert anaganiza yolumikizana miyoyo yawo ndi womenyera ufulu ndale Leslin McDonald. Ukwati wawo nthawi yaitali ndipo zinatha kokha mu 1947. Ndiye wolemba anakwatira Virginia Gerstenfeld, amene anakumana nawo panthawi ya nkhondo, pamene ankagwira ntchito mu Philadelphia.

Mkazi ali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa ntchito ya mwamuna wake, anali woyang'anira wake ndi mlembi. Iye proofreads ntchito zake zonse pamaso iwo analowa yosindikiza. Iwo anachita ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa ntchito, zomwe kunachitidwa ndi Robert Haynlayn. Ntchito yabwino ya wolemba monga zithunzi anauziridwa ndi mkazi wake.