Chifukwa cha ulendo pamaso Magellan a umene wakhazikitsidwa? Maulendowa wa Ferdinand Magellan

Popanda kufika romantics, adventurers ndi okonda dziko la ulendo zikanakhala kosangalatsa. Ndipo yosiyana, chifukwa padakali zinthu zambiri konse, osati anatulukira, osati anatulukira.

Nthawi ya atulukira Hrs

Limafotokoza za nthawi imene ofufuza unayaka njira yatsopano anapeza m'mayiko ndi zilumba, anasintha mapu a dziko. Ndinabisa nyengo ya nthawi zingapo:

• Oyambirira, imene oyendetsa anazolowera kwa Indian ndi Atlantic Ocean, ku Mediterranean, Nyanja Baltic, Nyanja Yellow ndi Nyanja Black, analambalala Africa ndipo anapanga mapu molondola m'madera amenewa.
• Avereji, pamene iwo anatsegula Africa American, tinapeza njira nyanja ku Ulaya Asia, anapanga kuzungulira loyamba lonse napeza Australia.
• Kenako, imene ankaphunzira North-West America, Antarctica, nyanja.

Pakati pa zaka khumi ndi-chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri otchedwa nyengo atulukira kwambiri. Ndipo kulankhula za nthawi imeneyo, osati kutchula dzina kuyenda panyanja, amene anathandiza kuti sayansi yamakono. Izi Magellan Fernando, munthu amene anasonyeza kuti dziko lapansi ndi dera.

Mwachidule yonena za Magellan

F. Magellan (Magalyaynsh) anabadwira ku Portugal mu 1470. Koma kupambana chachikulu sayansi anapanga pansi pa mbendera Spanish. Mnyamata anachokera ku banja mfulu, kotero ali ndi maphunziro abwino, ndi zochitika mu apanyanja. Pa pantchito yake, Magellan Fernando anasamukira ku Spain, kumene akufuna kuti Mfumu ulendo asilikali, amene pambuyo ambiri ganizo koma lalandiridwa. Ndipo ulendo wa ngalawa asanu anapita ulendo wotchuka.

Pa ulendo anatulukira Anakaligawa kugombe la America South, kum'mwera Khwalala, amene analandiranso dzina lake, Patagonian Cordillera. Njira amwendamnjira anadutsa ku Pacific Ocean, lomwe kale sanapite zombo ku Ulaya, Guam, ndi Philippines. Pali nkhondo ndi mbadwa Fernando anaphedwa, koma gulu chake chakhala chinthu chachikulu.

Chifukwa, chinapezeka ulendo Magellan pamaso nyanja umodzi asonyeza kuti dzikoli ndi mpira mawonekedwe. Koma zimenezi anali ayesedwa ndi anthu chakachi chitadutsa.

Khwalala of Magellan

Njira Magellan ndi gulu lake anayamba September 20, 1519. Small chotengera mu kuchuluka kwa ndalama zisanu, amene anali kunyamula anthu 265, mnyanja. Woyendetsa ntchito yapadera dongosolo lake kusonyeza kuti analola zombo zonse kukhala pamodzi. Fernando ankafuna kuwoloka Atlantic, kotero padziko mapeto a December, anakwanitsa Rio de La Plata. Kuposa mwezi umodzi iwo anali kufunafuna yokafika ku Nyanja South, koma anakakamizika kukhala kwa dzinja. zombo atatu anayamba kupanduka, koma anali kuponderezedwa mwankhanza. Chifukwa cha ulendo Magellan wokhazikitsidwa kuli nyanja limodzi, ndi chipata anapezeka ndi ulendo anapitiriza. Komabe, sitima wina ndinavutika ndi ena anasiya.

Imfa ya mtsogoleri

Kumapeto kwa November 1520 flotilla analowa Nyanja South, amene ankatchedwa Pacific Ocean, chifukwa pamene akusambira mu izo kusunga nyengo yabwino. miyezi inayi gulu anakhala mu nyanja, pokhala pa zobvuta kupulumuka. Njala, chiseyeye, mkulu amafa - ndicho chimene ophunzira anali kupita kupyola mu ulendo woyamba padziko lonse. Pomaliza, ulendo wa Ferdinand Magellan anali pa zilumba Philippines. Kumeneko, ku Spain ananena chilumba kugwira Mfumu yawo ndipo inalamula kugonjetsa.

Koma mbadwa anali ndi zolinga zina. Mkulu wa Cebu akuti anakonza phwando polemekeza alendo imene anaukira alendo ake. The zipolowe anadzipha yekha Magellan. Gulu kuloŵa ngalawa, koma anthu alibe zokwanira, kotero limodzi la zombo anali kufukiza.

cholinga ndi iti?

Onse tsopano ndikudziwa kuti chifukwa cha ulendo Magellan wokhazikitsidwa kuli nyanja imodzi pa dziko kugwirizana m'mavuto ndi ngalande. Koma chilumba cha zonunkhira, amene anali pa ulendo wake kuyenda panyanja, koma anali adakali akusowa.

Miyezi inayi zombo Akhafamba nyanja mpaka iye anafika pa chilumba cha Tidore. Apa, kuwonjezera caches, ndipo pogula carnation, sitima anapitiriza ulendo wawo. Koma iwo anagawanika: lina lotsogoleredwa kumadzulo pamodzi ndi akaidi ena kwa kukonza ndi African ndi. "Victoria" wamaliza oyamba padziko lonse lapansi dziko ulendo September 6, 1522. Pa bolodi amuna onse khumi kumanzere. A pang'ono mu Spain Bwererani anthu khumi pa bolodi "Trinidad". Kugulitsa zonunkhira, timu analipira ndalama zonse za ulendo wautali.

m'malo epilogue ndi

Mtengo wa choyamba woyendayenda kwambiri. Monga tanena chifukwa cha ulendo Magellan wokhazikitsidwa kuli nyanja. Oyendetsa atsimikizira chakuti dziko lapansili ndi zochepa dziko kuposa madzi. Dzina la wolimba Chipwitikizi anawaitana osati kutsegula Khwalala mu Pacific Ocean, koma awiri masango nyenyezi anatchula Antonio Pifachetta, membala wa maulendowa ndi mbiri yake. Yapamadzi odzipereka Kunena kafukufuku.

Koma ngati ulendo wabweretsa phindu Fernand ndi mabanja awo? Iye anafa pa ulendo, pamene iye anayesa, ngati conquistadors ndi, muligonjetse mbadwa ya Islands Philippines. Adalira anasiya ngalawa Magellan mlandu woukira boma, kotero iye anavula ndi mwayi onse ndi ubwino. M'chaka pamaso sitima yomaliza flotilla waponya nangula nyumba mwana Fernando ndi akufa. Ndipo miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kenako anamwalira mkazi wake amene anali chabe atabereka yachiwiri mwana akufa. Zimenezi n'zimene mtengo wapaulendo anayenera kulipira anapeza lalikulu!