Crimea ufulu, 1944. Crimea zolawula

Crimea zolawula mu 1944 ndi chimodzi cha ntchito imene zofunika kwambiri pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Iwo anayamba pa 8 April. Tiganizire moposera mmene kumasulidwa kwa Crimea kwa adani Nazi.

The zinthu pa chilumba cha

September 26 - November 5, 1943 unachitikira Melitopol, ndipo pa October 31 - November 11 chaka chomwecho - ndi Kerch-Eltegenskaya amphibious ntchito. asilikali Soviet anatha anagumula mpanda wolimba kwambiri pa Perekop Korinto. bridgeheads anagwidwa pa Kerch Peninsula ndi ku m'mwera kwa Sivash. Komabe, yomasulira wathunthu wa Crimea anali silamphamvu. Peninsula akutenga lalikulu adani, kudalira chitetezo cha. Pa Perekop kamtunda kopita ku chilumba ndi Sivash pandunji bridgehead pa udindo wa mdani inkakhala atatu, ndi pa Kerch chilumba - magulu anayi.

Udindo wa zipani

Kuchotsa mdani ku chilumba, ndi Black Sea zombo za USSR akhoza kuyamba udaika njira m'munsi. Izi zisintha zikhalidwe za malawi a zombo ndi khalidwe la nkhondoyi. Komanso, chilumba cha Crimea kuphimba njira Balkan pambali wa ku Germany, kulankhulana yaikulu umadutsa pamavuto ku gombe la kumadzulo. M'nkhaniyi, boma la Germany, nayenso Ufumuyo zofunika kwambiri kwa posungira za gawolo. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti adzakhala nawobe thandizo la Turkey ndi Balkan lankhondo. Utsogoleri wa 17 Army, zochokera pa chilumba, watchedwa tasked kusunga malo masika. Komabe, atsogoleri mdani kukhala dongosolo mwatsatanetsatane, "Adler" ngati mthunzi.

Mayikidwe a magulu ankhondo

Ndi chiyambi cha 1944 , dziko la Germany anapita m'magulu awiri. Pakutha January ku chilumba anabwera 73rd ndi chiyambi cha March - Kalasi la 111 oyenda Division. Mu April, ndi Adani inkakhala magulu 12. Ena mwa iwo anali 7 Romania ndi 5 German. Komanso, zikuchokera mphamvu azipereka brigades kumenya awiri, tsogolo la phindu osiyana. Ambiri, chiwerengero cha asilikali amene ali oposa 195 zikwi. Anthu. Division anali pafupifupi 3,600 mortars ndi mfuti 215 akasinja. Ndi mpweya thandizo ku Army anapereka ndege 148. A mbali yofunika polimba mbali Soviet anali kusewera 4 Chiyukireniya Front. mphamvu lamulo anasonyeza mbewu. Tolbukhin. Monga mbali ya asilikali analipo:

1. 51 ndi 2 alonda Army.
2. 78 TH ndi 16 TH mipanda yolimba kwambiri m'madera.
3. 19 Panzer Corps.

4 Chiyukireniya Front komanso anathandiza 8 Air Army. Monga mbali ya asilikali pano brigade osiyana analamula Eremenko. zochita zake komanso amathandiza mpweya. Zombo nkhondo anali nawo. Lamulo anachita Oktyabrskiy Filipp Sergeevich. Asilikali ake anali kuthandiza kuukira ndi kusokoneza aya mdani. Komanso, monga mbali ya asilikali Soviet pano Azov Flotilla. Iye analamula kumbuyo asilikali Gorshkov. Asilikali ake amapereka nagonjetsa Independent m'mphepete mwa nyanja Army.

Chiwerengero cha grouping Soviet anali pafupi 470 zikwi. Anthu. Pa kutaya asilikali anali pafupi 6 zikwi. Mortars ndi mfuti 559 kudziletsa injini mfuti akasinja. Zochitika nyanja oyenda anathandiza cruiser 4, mzere 1 ndi 2 kulondera maboti, 6 ofunkha, 8 trawlers m'munsi, mlonda 80 ndi 47 wa maboti oponya, sitima zankhondo 29, 34 oti muli nazo zida, 3 gunboats ndi ziwiya zina wothandiza.

Yogwira thandizo la Soviet Army anapereka Crimea zigaŵenga zankhondo magulu omwe anapangidwa chiyambi cha 1944 chiwerengero chawo okwana anali pafupi 4 zikwi. Anthu. Magulu amene amaphatikiza East, North ndi South pawiri. mphamvu Soviet anali ndi ukulu ndithu pa gulu lankhondo la adani. asilikali Soviet mgwirizano adzasonkhanitsa Vasilevsky ndi Voroshilov.

Mavuto ndi mawu

Kutulutsidwa kwa Crimea mu 1944 amayenera kuyamba mu February, chiwerengero cha 18-19. Chimodzi cha February unaperekedwa kwa kumenyana dongosolo. Kenako Komabe, chiyambi cha ntchitoyi anali kulephereka kangapo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, anali kumenyana pa gombe Dnieper. Voterani lamulo anatumiza Vasilevsky umboni kuyamba nagonjetsa mpaka kumasulidwa kwa madera kwa Kherson.

Kenako, anapatsidwa kuti osiyana. Makamaka, Vasilevsky anauzidwa kuyamba ntchito palibe pasanafike March 1, kaya adzakhala womasulidwa wa kugombe Dnieper. Komabe, mutu wa asilikali kukanena kwa GHQ kuti, anapatsidwa nyengo, ndewu akanati kudikira mpaka m'ma March. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyi Mkulu Lamulo anavomera. Komabe, 16,03 Wasilewski analandira malangizo latsopano, chimene opareshoni anayenera anayamba pambuyo adani dera Nikolayev ndi Odessa kuti kukwezedwa. Koma chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, ndewu anali kusiya kaye mpaka April 8.

Zolinga za lamulo Soviet

Kumasulidwa kwa Crimea mu 1944, amayenera kuchita yojambula pakuya 170 Km. malo adani mdani zinakonzedwa kwa masiku 10-12. Pankhaniyi, tsiku lililonse achuluka avareji pasadakhale oyenda anali kukhala 12-15 Km, thanki Corps - 30-35 Km. Anachita zimenezi pofuna lamulirani kunyanyala munthawi yomweyo kumpoto - ku Syvash ndi Perekopa kum'mawa - by Kerch Peninsula. Kudzera kumasulidwa kwa Sevastopol ndi Simferopol, anakonza unagawanika gulu ndi kuthetsa mdani, kuteteza achire ake kuchokera pachilumbachi. Nkhonyayo waukulu ndimayenera kuyika kufalikira mu kum'mwera kwa Sivash. Ngati kanthu bwino mphamvu yaikulu anapita pa malo mdani Perekop atatu. Kukhala zolimba Jankoi Soviet asilikali anapatsidwa mwayi afike Simferopol ndi Kerch Peninsula mu kumbuyo German. kuukira Secondary amayenera Perekop Korinto. Patsogolo ntchito Independent m'mphepete mwa nyanja Army anali kuphwanya chitetezo cha Aisiraeli kumpoto kwa Kerch. gawo lake anali kuukira pamodzi chakumwera kwa pachilumbachi. Kiyi mphamvu yomweyo anali umalimbana kumasulidwa kwa Sevastopol ndi Simferopol.

Crimea wosamasula 1944:. Nkhondo

masiku asanu asanagwe anagunda zida zankhondo lolemera, ambiri yaitali yomanga mdani anawonongedwa. nzeru asilikali unachitikira April 7 madzulo. Iye anatsimikizira Enron Soviet lamulo zokhudza mdani. tsiku lachisanu ndi chitatu wa April anapezerapo mpweya ndi zida zankhondo kukonzekera. Ambiri, panatenga maola 2.5. Kutulutsidwa kwa Crimea mu 1944 anayamba ndi mphamvu mantha ya 51 Army molamulidwa ndi mkulu-General Kreizer. kumuukira anatengedwera kuchokera bridgehead mu kum'mwera kwa Sivash. masiku awiri kumenyana aukali. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, asilikali a Soviet anakwanitsa kubooleza chitetezo cha German. 51th Army atalanda pambali Perekopskaya magulu. Imodzi, 2 alonda Division Zakharov analowa Chiameniya. Pa April 11, mmawa 19 TH Panzer Corps analandidwa Dzhankoy.

Molamulidwa ndi kugawikana Vasiliev bwinobwino anapita Simferopol. The Germany, akuthawira chilengedwe, kulimbitsa kumanzere Perekop Korinto ndipo anayamba abwerere ku Kerch Peninsula. Usiku wa pa kuukira kuyambira 11,04 Osiyana Maritime Army. Ndi m'mawa asilikali anatenga Kerch - zokhalamo kumbuyo wagawo la kum'mawa kwa pachilumbachi. M'madera onse a kuzunza Germany amene anali kuloŵa Sevastopol. M'mphepete mwa gombe la kumadzulo kwa kumuukira kusanduka 2 alonda. Army kwa Yalta. 51 Army, ntchito zomwe zikuyenda bwino wa 19 Corps, mwa zone steppe kumayambirilo a Kukwezeleza Simferopol. A mphamvu yapadera asilikali anayenda Belogorsk (Karasubazar) ndi Theodosia Sevastopol. 13 April mphamvu Soviet anali anamasula Feodosia, Simferopol, Yevpatoriya, ndi manambala 14-15 - Yalta, Bakhchisarai, Alushta.

The Germany azungu anapitiriza abwerere. Ndege 4 TH ndi 8 TH Army anakantha nkhonya wamphamvu pa asilikali German ndi mfundo kulankhulana. Oktyabrskiy Filipp Sergeevich analamula zombo Soviet, anauza sitima zam'madzi ndi othawa kwawowo adani.

zigaŵenga zankhondo

Crimea mobisa zimasonyeza kulimba mtima kwapadera ndi ungwazi nkhondo. Pamaso mayunitsi olimbanawo anayenera ntchito kuwononga mfundo, mizere kulankhulana, kumbuyo mdani abisalire ndi zinyalala pa kuwoloka phiri kuwononga njanji mayendedwe, kusokoneza doko Yalta, popanda asilikali German-Romania kusamukira ndi kusamuka. The mobisa anali kuteteza chiwonongeko zoyendera mdani ndi mabizinezi mafakitale, mizinda yambiri.

Kuukira Sevastopol: kukonzekera

April 15-16 Union Army anayamba kukonzekera nkhondo. Nkhonyayo waukulu anali ankaganiza ku dera la Balaclava. Mu tanthauzo lake anali kukhala ndi gawo mfundo kugwirizana munthu ndipo pambali yakumanzere ya 51 Army. mphamvu Soviet anali kugumula chitetezo mdani m'dera la Sapun Mountain ndi kutalika kwa kumpoto kum'mawa Karani. Choncho, gulu mdani akanakhala asakhalenso Bay ndi, inali kumadzulo kwa Sebastopol. Lamulo ankakhulupirira kuti kugonjetsedwa kwa mdani pa Sapun Hill, ngakhale onse amene anatsagana kuukira, kodi kuloledwa kuswa kukana mdani kumbuyo maudindo. Mu gulu 2 alonda. Army anakonza chifukwa kuukira sekondale. Kupatulako chidwi ndi Aisiraeli, iye ankayenera kuti masiku 2 pamaso kuukira chachikulu. Lamulo Soviet amaponya asilikali ntchito kuswa kudzera chitetezo kum'mwera chakum'mawa Belbek mayunitsi wa oyenda 55th ndi 13 alonda Corps. lankhondo anali kukhala tiponye kum'mawa kwa North Bay ndi Mekenzievy mapiri kulikankhira mdani grouping madzi ndi kuuononga.

Nkhondo

19 April 23, awiri ankafuna anagumula waukulu chitetezo a m'dera Sevastopol chidaperekedwa. Komabe, asilikali a Soviet analephera. Lamulo anaganiza tipezenso mphamvu, konzani asilikali kudikira chiphaso cha mafuta ndi zipolopolo.

Kuukira anayamba pa May 5. Magulu ankhondo 2 alonda. asilikali anapita tingalimbanirane, kukakamiza mdani kusamutsa magulu ku madera ena. Pa 10:30 pa May 7, mothandizidwa ndi amphamvu mpweya anayamba kuukira ambiri. Asilikali a magulu waukulu Soviet anatha kubooleza chitetezo mdani pa 9-kilometre Tambasula. Pa kumenyana aukali, asilikali analanda Sapun Mountain. Pa May 9, asilikali Soviet anathyola mu Sevastopol kuchokera kum'mwera chakum'mawa, kum'mawa ndi kumpoto, kumasula mzinda. Mphamvu otsalira a asilikali 17 mdani, anathamangitsa ndi 19 Corps, kuloŵa Cape Chersonese, amene anawonongedwa. Mkaidi anali alonda 21,000 ndi asilikali a adani. asilikali Soviet anagwira zipangizo ndi zida za mdani.

nkhondo akamaliza

Mu 1941-1942. mdani unatenga masiku 250 kulanda Sevastopol, amene anthu alimba mtima atetezera makoma ake, asilikali Soviet kuti amasulidwe unatenga masiku 35 okha. Pofika May 15 kulikulu anayamba kudziŵa unachitikira mu dongosolo ndi mayunitsi asilikali perete pa athamangitsidwe mdani kuchokera pachilumbachi.

Pomaliza

Kutulutsidwa kwa Crimea mu 1944 analola adzabwerenso m'dera Soviet dziko yofunika kwambiri zachuma ndi njira. Izi zinali zolinga zikuluzikulu za Nkhondo amene anafika. Kumapeto kwa nkhondo Project mphoto chifukwa chotenga mbali mu athamangitsidwe wa mdani zinalengedwa ndi pachilumbachi. Komabe, Mendulo kwa Crimea ndi ndiye kuti si akhazikitsidwa.