Supreme Council atamva: chaka cha chilengedwe ndi gulu

Supreme atamva Council unakhazikitsidwa pambuyo pa imfa ya Peter Wamkulu. inalowa Catherine ku mpando wachifumu wachititsa kufunika gulu lake Pofuna kulongosola zinthu: Mfumukazi sanathenso amayang'anira ntchito ya boma Russian.

prerequisites

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Supreme atamva Council, ankaganiza, anali ndi "zingachepetse chomukhumudwitsa" wa anthu otchuka akale, kuchotsedwa kasamalidwe kanjedza nerodovitymi. Si anafunika kusintha mawonekedwe, ndicho chikhalidwe ndi akamanena za mphamvu wapamwamba, chifukwa, pamene kusunga maudindo awo, iwo anasanduka bungwe pagulu.

Akatswiri ambiri afika ponena kuti chilema chachikulu cha dongosolo lokhazikitsidwa ndi Peter matupi mphamvu zazikulu za anali kulephera kaphatikizidwe chikhalidwe cha mphamvu wamkulu ndi mfundo za collegiality, choncho Supreme atamva Council anakhazikitsidwa.

Kunapezeka kuti zikamera wa thupilo apamwamba chenjezo sanali kwambiri chifukwa cha kukumana kwa zinthu ndale, ngati kuli kofunika, zokhudzana ndi mipata mu chosakwanira dongosolo Petrine pa mlingo kasamalidwe pamwamba. The zotsatira za sakhalitsa ntchito za Council sanali yofunika kwambiri, chifukwa iye anali kuchita nthawi yomweyo pambuyo nyengo kwambiri ndipo akugwira ntchito, pamene kusintha wina m'malo wina, koma muzochitika zones za moyo anthu ankaona kwambiri okondwa.

Chifukwa kulenga

Creation a Wamkulukulu atamva Council udaikidwa kumvetsa mavuto zovuta za kusintha Petrine, akhala osathetsedwa. ntchito yake zimasonyeza kuti anatengera kwa Catherine amathandiza nthawi, ndicho kuti reorganized. Ndondomeko za bungwe lonse Supreme anatsatira mzere wa anasankha Petulo mu ndondomeko zokhudzana ndi makampani ngakhale ambiri kachitidwe ambiri a ntchito yake monga chiyanjanitso cha zofuna za anthu ndi zofuna za asilikali, kukana ntchito imene yaikulu asilikali komanso kulephera kusintha kulikonse a asilikali Russian anafotokoza. Imodzi, bungwe anali ndi udindo pa zochitika zawo ndiponso zosowa za bizinesi, yomwe inkafuna njira yomweyo.

Nthambi za Supreme atamva Council

Deti la kukhazikitsidwa kwa bungwe apamwamba chenjezo boma inayamba mu February 1726. mamembala ake anasankhidwa mwa wopambana wake adzakhala 'Wammwambamwamba Prince General Field polimbana Menshikov, Golovkin goskantsler General Apraksin, werengani Tolstoy, Baron Osterman ndi Prince Golitsyn. Patatha mwezi umodzi, umembala wake wakhala m'gulu ndi Duke wa Holstein - amkazi wa Catherine, kwambiri wokhulupirika munthu wa Mfumukazi. Kuyambira pachiyambi, mamembala a thupi wapamwamba anali yekha otsatira a Peter, koma posakhalitsa Menshikov, amene pansi Petro Wachiwiri anali mu ndende, adatulutsa Tolstoy. Patapita nthawi, Apraksin anafa ndi Duke wa Holstein ndi kupita ku misonkhano palimodzi. Kuyambira mamembala poyamba zoikika za Supreme atamva Council mabungwe ake pali anthu atatu okha - Osterman, Golitsyn ndi Golovkin. The zikuchokera thupi ili chenjezo zasintha kwambiri apamwamba. Pang'onopang'ono mphamvu wadutsa mu manja a mabanja wamphamvu kalonga - Golitsyn ndi Dolgoruky.

ntchito

Council atamva mkulu wa Mfumukazi anagonjetsedwa ndi Senate, amene poyamba waponya pamaso iwo anaganiza zomutumiza iyeyo mwa malamulo loyamba la Synod ya wofanana naye. Menshikov pa thupi kumene analenga anayesa kulimbikitsa ulamuliro okha ndi boma. Atumiki anamutcha monga chiwalo, pamodzi ndi senators analumbira kuti Mfumukazi. Iwo anali kutiletsa kuti muzikachita madongosolo osati yolembedwa ndi mfumukazi ndi mwana wake, amene ali Wamkulukulu atamva Council.

Malinga ndi Catherine Chipangano Choyamba, zinali kuti thupi ili pa ochepa Peter II anapatsidwa mphamvu, ndi ofanana ndi mphamvu ya mwayekha lapansi. Komabe, Council atamva analibe ufulu kusintha yekha mu dongosolo la motsatizana ufumu.

Kusintha mtundu wa boma

Kuchokera tsiku loyamba la kukhazikitsidwa kwa bungwe, ambiri kunja adalosa kuthekera ankafuna kusintha boma ku Russia. Ndipo iwo anali kulondola. Pamene iye anafa , Peter II wa, ndipo izo zinachitika pa usiku wa January 19, 1730, ngakhale chifuniro cha Catherine, ana ake analetsedwa kupita ku mpando wachifumu. The chonamizira anali wamng'ono ndi zosafunikira Elizabeth m'malo achinyamata Peter, ndi kukula kwa mdzukulu wawo - mwana wa Anna Petrovna. Funso la chisankho cha mfumu Russian linathera mawu otchuka a Prince Golitsyn, amene ananena kuti munthu ayenera kulabadira mzere akulu a banja Peter kotero, akufuna ndi candidacy Anny Ioannovny. Mwana wamkazi wa John A., zaka naintini akukhala Kurland zigwirizane aliyense, chifukwa iye analibe okondedwa mu Russia. Ankaoneka manageable mwamtendere, popanda mtima wofuna despotism. Komanso, zimenezi chifukwa sanali kuzindikira za kusintha Golitsyn Petrine. Izi zizolowezi pang'onong'ono munthu anatuluka kale ndi kulumikiza dongosolo, "Wamkulukulu" kusintha mtundu wa boma, lomwe, ndithudi, izo zinali zosavuta kuchita mu ulamuliro wa Anna ana.

"Zinthu"

Anapezerapo mwayi pa zimenezi, "Wamkulukulu atamva Council", ndilandire kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha mphamvu autocratic, adamfunsa ku Anna kusaina zinthu zina, otchedwa "mpweya wofewetsa." Malinga ndi iwo, mphamvu yeniyeni ankayenera kuti akhale icho, Supreme Council atamva, ndi udindo wa mfumu zochepa ntchito nthumwi yekha. Chotero boma ku Russia anali watsopano.

Kumapeto kwa January 1730 watsopano zopezeka Mfumukazi anasaina anapereka ake "chikhalidwe." Kuyambira tsopano izo popanda chilolezo cha Bungwe la Supreme sanathe muvale nkhondo, kunena mapangano a mtendere, kuyambitsa msonkho watsopano kapena kukhoma msonkho. Osati mwa yamtunduwu ake ndipo amapezeka kuti chuma okha ntchito m'gulu pamwamba udindo wa wamkulu, malipilo wotchuka, otchuka walekana ndi moyo kapena katundu popanda mlandu, ndipo ambiri Chofunika - yoika wolowa ufumu.

Kulimbana ndi Baibulo la "Zinthu"

Anna Ivanovna, popeza pagalimoto Wamasiku, anapita Cathedral wa Akukwera, kumene akalonga akuluakulu a boma ndi asilikali analumbira Mfumukazi. Mawonekedwe atsopano a lumbiro anali mosatsata ena akuti akale kutanthauza autocracy, panali silikukambapo za ufulu wa thupi Supreme atamva. Nthawiyi, kulimbana kwakukulu pakati pamagulu awiri - "Lalikulu," ndi mbali ya autocracy lapansi. Monga msilikali wa iwowa ankaimba ntchito yaikulu Yaguzhinskii P., A. Kantemir, Feofan Prokopovich A. Osterman. Iwo amapereka mwa zigawo yotakata otchuka, amene anali wofunitsitsa kubwerezanso "Zinthu." Kusakhutira anali makamaka chifukwa cha phindu la bwalo yopapatiza a mamembala a Bungwe la atamva. Komanso, ambiri alili wa oimira otchuka, mu masiku amenewo anatchedwa otchuka, anaona cholinga kukhazikitsa mu oligarchy Russian ndi chilakolako Ndinapereka mayina awiri - Dolgoruky ndi Golitsyn - lamanja kusankha mfumu ndi kusintha mtundu wa boma.

Kuletsa "Zinthu"

Mu February 1730 gulu lalikulu la oimira otchuka, anali, malinga ndi zimene mabuku ena amanena, anthu asanu ndi atatu, inali nyumba yachifumu kugonjera pempho kuti Anne Ioannovne. Ena mwa iwo anali ambiri a alonda alonda. Mu pempho kwa Mfumukazi anasonyeza pempholi mwamsanga pamodzi ndi otchuka ndi kamodzinso tikambirane mtundu wa boma kupanga nazo kwa anthu onse Russian. Anna, ndi chikhalidwe chawo penapake zosiyanasiyana, koma mkulu wake - Ekaterina Ioannovna - wam'kakamiza akadali lowani pempho. Iwo olemekezeka wauzidwa ulamuliro wathunthu ndi kuwononga zinthu "Zinthu."

Anna pa zinthu zatsopano wotetezedwa kukondweretsa aimitsa "Wamkulukulu": kotero panali kanthu katsalira, monga nods mitu yawo. Malinga ndi zosiyana, sakanachitira mwina ena, chifukwa pa otsutsa pang'ono kapena kutsutsa, alonda akanati anaukira iwo. Anna mokondwera poyera yodulidwa osati "chikhalidwe", komanso kalata yake ya kuvomereza zinthu.

Mochititsa manyazi mapeto Council

Woyamba mu March 1730 pansi mfundo za ulamuliro wonse wa anthu kamodzinso analumbira kuti Mfumukazi. Ndipo atapita masiku atatu okha a Manifesto wa March 4 chiyembekezo chakuti za Supreme atamva Council.

Tsoka la anthu ake akale anayamba mosiyana. Prince Golitsyn anachotsedwa, koma patapita anafa. m'bale wake, komanso zitatu za Dolgorukov anayi, anaphedwa mu ulamuliro wa Anne. Kupondereza anapulumutsa mmodzi yekha wa iwo - Vasily Vladimirovich, kuti pamene Elizabeti mlanduwo, anabwerera kuchokera ku ukapolo ndi Komanso wasankhidwa mutu wa Asilikali Collegium.

Osterman nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Mfumukazi Anny Ioannovny anali posts zofunika boma. Komanso, mu zaka 1740-1741 iye mwachidule anakhala de A facto wolamulira wa dziko, koma chifukwa cha wina zokhumba yachifumu anagonjetsedwa ndi akapolo ku birch a.