Diso: Ntchito ndi dongosolo. retinal diso ntchito

Luso kuchotsa ndi bwinobwino - mbali yapadera anthu komanso nyama. Mwa kuonetsa udzachitika ku malo ndi malo, wambirimbiri zambiri; tidziwa kuti mothandizidwa ndi thupi la munthu anyamuka kuti 90% ya nkhani zonse zokhudza zinthu ndi chilengedwe. Kapangidwe wapadera ndi zikuchokera ma kwa diso walola osati kuona gwero kuwala kwa mkwiyo, komanso kusiyanitsa makhalidwe awo kawalidwe. Tiyeni tione mmene ntchito yomanga diso, ntchito zake ndi mbali ya gulu okhudza mitsempha. Koma nkhani za matabwa ake sadzakhala pa kaonedwe ka mwamuna adanyamula katundu wa sayansi, koma ndi maganizo a nzika pafupifupi.

retinal diso ntchito

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi zazikulu. Yankho la funso limeneli, kodi ntchito yaikulu kwa diso ndi losavuta mokwanira. Choyamba ndi maganizo a nzothandiza kuwala.

Ndi chikhalidwe chake, kuwala ndi mu atomu yoweyula ndi oscillation yeniyeni pafupipafupi, zomwe zimabweretsa amaonera kwa diso a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kukwanitsa masomphenya mtundu - Mbali lapadera zamoyo wa nyama. Mothandizidwa ndi sayansi, zida zamakono, latsopano mankhwala fulorosenti mankhwala akhoza kuyang'ana kwambiri mu kapangidwe ka ziwalo masomphenya, kulongosola bwino njira amuzolengedwa ndi kumvetsa bwino mmene diso liziyenda zipangizo. A iwo monga likukhalira, ambiri ndipo aliyense wapadera.

The diso diso kapangidwe ndi ntchito

Anthu ambiri akudziwa kuti diso lili mkati diso ndi chamkati cha chipolopolo wake. Amadziwika kuti akuphatikizapo lili otchedwa maselo photosensitive. Mwachindunji kupyolera mwa iwo ndi kukachita photoreception diso ntchito.

dzina lawo anachokera, zimene mawonekedwe ndi maselo. Choncho, maselo ndodo woboola pakati amatchedwa "timitengo", maselo ofanana ndi mankhwala chidebe amatchedwa "babu" - anapatsidwa dzina lakuti "phirilo".

Ndodo ndi cones amasiyana mzake mbali osati wa dongosolo histological. Chachikulu kusiyana pakati pa iwo ndi mmene amaonera kuwala ndi makhalidwe ake kawalidwe. Timitengo ndi udindo kwa maganizo a kamwazi wowala analamula - ". Amphaka onse ndi imvi" pa nthawi pamene, monga mawu ukupita, Koma cones ndi udindo mtundu masomphenya maganizo.

mbali zinchito za matanthwe

Pakati cones zimatulutsa magulu atatu osiyana: cones ndi udindo amaonera wobiriwira, wofiira ndi wabuluu mbali ya sipekitiramu wa motero. Aliyense phirilo kumathandiza kuti mapangidwe masomphenya mtundu, disolo processing fano ntchito. Mu kupenta nyumba ya mtundu mapangidwe komaliza zimatengera kufanana imene utoto poyamba kukopedwa ndi chithunzicho. Mofananamo, diso transmits mudziwe maonekedwe kawalidwe kuwala: Malinga mmene kumaliseche nyemba cones gulu lililonse ife tiri nazo zikuchitika masomphenya a mtundu makamaka.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati tikuona mtundu wobiriwira, ndi cones kwambiri kwambiri akatulutsidwa, amene dera wobiriwira a sipekitiramu wa. Ndipo ngati inu mukuwona wofiira - ndiye, motero, chifukwa wofiira ndi. Choncho, diso la ntchito diso anthu osati maganizo a kamwazi wowala, komanso ziyenera koyamba tingachidziwe kawalidwe.

The zigawo kwa diso, ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani ali ofunikira

Mwina munthu akuganiza kuti yomweyo pambuyo mandala kuwala mwachindunji amenya ndodo ndi cones, ndipo iwonso olumikizidwa kwa chamawonedwe ulusi mitsempha kunyamula mauthenga ku ubongo. Ndipotu si. Asanafike ndodozo ndi cones, kuwala zofunika kuthana ndi zigawo zonse kwa diso (ndipo alipo 10), kenako okha kanthu pa kuwala tcheru maselo (ndodo ndi cones).

Wosanjikiza yakumapeto kwenikweni, polumikizirana ndi pigment wosanjikiza diso. Cholinga chake ndi kusunga backlight. wosanjikiza Izi ndi maselo pigment ndi semblance wakuda kamera filimu kamera (kutanthauza mtundu wakuda Kodi kulenga glare, ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti fano ndi zambiri khirisipi, mawunikidwe kuwala kutha). wosanjikiza Izi zipangitsa mapangidwe chithunzi lakuthwa ntchito atolankhani kuwala kwa diso. Umakhala pafupi kwambiri wosanjikiza maselo inki pafupi ndodo ndi cones, ndipo zimenezi zimathandiza kuti kuona zikuchepa. Iwo likukhalira kuti zigawo retinal ali, titero chammbuyo. Wosanjikiza chamkati ndi wosanjikiza maselo zenizeni, amene mwa mkhalapakati wa maselo pakati wosanjikiza ankachitira ndi mfundo ukubwera kuchokera ndodo ndi cones. The axons maselo awa kubwera palimodzi kuchokera ku pamwamba pa diso ndi kusiya diso kudzera otchedwa akhungu banga.

Pa nthawi imeneyi, palibe kuwala tcheru ndodo ndi cones, ndi kwa diso mu mitsempha chamawonedwe. Komanso, apa ndi zipangizo kupereka trophism diso. Chikhalidwe cha thupi zingakhudze chikhalidwe kwa diso, yomwe ndi yabwino ndi yeniyeni muyezo kwa matenda a matenda osiyanasiyana.

Kutanthauzira ndodo ndi cones

Nature anafuna kuti ndodo ndi cones zili omangidwa kudutsa pamwamba pa diso. Mu fovea (yabwino masomphenya m'dera) ali ndende apamwamba maselo phirilo. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti dera limeneli ndi udindo masomphenya mowonekera. Monga mtunda amachepetsa chiwerengero cha cones kwa fossa chapakati, nambala ya timitengo - ukuwonjezeka. Choncho, periphery kwa diso ukufanizidwa timitengo yekha. Mbali imeneyi ya kapangidwe timakhala ndi masomphenya bwino pa kofunikira kwambiri kuwala ndi limathandiza kusiyanitsa ndi maphunziro a zinthu pa otsika.

retinal okhudza mitsempha gulu

Nthawi yomweyo pambuyo wosanjikiza ndodo ndi cones zili zigawo ziwiri za maselo mitsempha. Iwo zigawo ochititsa kuti ndi maselo ganglion. Komanso, pali wachitatu (pakati) wosanjikiza maselo yopingasa. Cholinga chachikulu cha gulu ili ndi processing chachikulu cha zikhumbo afferent, lomwe linachokera ku ndodo ndi cones.

Zosangalatsa za kapangidwe ka diso

Tsopano ife tikudziwa chomwe ndi diso. Kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya izo, Takambirana kale. Kuyenera otchulidwa komanso za mfundo chidwi kwambiri zokhudza nkhaniyi.

Pofuna kukwaniritsa pigment wosanjikiza, kuwala ali kudutsa zigawo zonse za maselo mitsempha, umalowa mu ndodo ndi cones ndi kuwafika pigment wosanjikiza!

Mbali ina ya kapangidwe ka diso ndi gulu kuonetsetsa bwinobwino masana. Mfundo yofunika ndi kuti fovea uliwonse phirilo chikugwirizana ndi ganglion cell ake, ndipo kutalika kwa periphery ali limodzi ganglion selo atolele mfundo ndodo zingapo ndi cones.

matenda Retinal ndi matenda awo

Nanga ntchito ya diso? Ndithudi, izi maganizo a kamwazi wowala, amene anapanga refracting TV diso. Kulakwila ntchito zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti kuyan'anila za bwinobwino. Mu pochiza matenda a maso, pali ambiri matenda retinal. matenda, chifukwa njira osachiritsika ndi matenda omwe zochokera njira osachiritsika ndi tumoral, delamination, kukha mwazi.

Kuweta ndi zizindikiro choyambirira chimene kungasonyeze matenda retinal, ndi matenda acuity zithunzi. M'tsogolo, pangakhale mabwalo kuwala, imfa minda zithunzi ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zina. Kumbukirani kuti ndi kuchepa acuity zithunzi ayenera yomweyo kufunsa munthu maso, ndipo pochitika kuona kutero.

Pomaliza

Masomphenya - mphatso yaikulu ya chilengedwe, ndi diso ntchito ndi matabwa ake - ndi finely bungwe ngati zinthu structural ndi zinchito za mwana wa m'diso la.

Panthawi yake mokambilana ndi mayeso njira ndi maso ndi kudzakuthandizani kudziwa chowunikira zithunzi matenda ndi kuyamba mankhwala pa nthawi. Mwamwayi, mankhwala amakono ali umisiri lapadera limene kwenikweni mphindi 20-30 kuchotsa matenda zithunzi ndiponso kuoneka luso kuchotsa masomphenya. Ndipo kudziwa ntchito kwa diso, n'zotheka kuti abwezeretse izo.