Chaka 1687. Asilavo-Greek-Latin Academy: history, kufotokoza ndi chidwi mfundo

Asilavo-Greek-Latin Academy (1687) anali woyamba maphunziro bungwe apamwamba mu Russia. Icho chinakhazikitsidwa mu Moscow ndipo zinatha mpaka 1814 Taonani zina zimene zimapanga Agiriki ndi Asilavo-Latin Academy.

nkhani

The initiators anali wolemba ndakatulo, mphunzitsi Simeon wa Polotsk ndi Sylvester Medvedev - wophunzira ake. zaka 2 asanamwalire woyamba wolembedwa ndi mwayi 'maphunziro "- woyamba hayala. Iwo atapereka Kwenikweni, lingaliro kukhazikitsa yunivesite, zili maphunziro ndi mabungwe ufulu m'tsogolo ya anthu. Kupezeka kwa Asilavo-Greek-Latin Academy, malinga Polotsky analola pokonzekera anthu ophunzira a mpingo ndi ntchito ya boma.

mapulani Training

Pa sukulu, iwo ankaganiza Polotsk, anaphunzitsa Polish, Latin, Greek ndi Asilavo zinenero, "zisanu ndi ziwiri luso aufulu" (piitika ndi apamwamba, galamala, zakuthambo, nyimbo, masamu, dialectics, nzeru) ndi zamulungu. Ophunzira ndi aphunzitsi akhale ndi ulamuliro opita kwa rector - "Atetezi wapamwamba", komanso mbadwa, koma osati makhoti. Choncho anapanga mtundu wa kudziyimira pawokha yunivesite. Education amayenera kukhala mfulu. Pa ophunzira omwewa nthawi maphunziro anali kuikidwa, ndi aphunzitsi akuluakulu - penshioni.

Polotsk anafotokoza zimene Asilavo-Greek-Latin Academy. Iye ananena kuti m'banja adzakhala ndi kumasula ansembe okhulupilika kuphunzitsa ophunzira kulemekeza ungwiro wa maganizo a chipembedzo. Ntchito za Academy of Polotsk mwa zinthu zina m'gulu ntchito yokonza kufufuza, woweruza wampatuko. Ntchito za bungwe la ayeneranso zinthu kuyan'anila za mabungwe ena maphunziro, ndiponso aphunzitsi kunyumba. Cholinga cha Academy amayenera kuperekedwa Chigiriki limene linalembedwa ambiri a mabuku mapemphero.

kukhazikitsidwa kuwongola

Asilavo-Greek-Latin Academy analengedwa pa maziko a Epiphany ndi yosindikiza Schools. Aphunzitsi atangokhala abale Sophrony ndi Ioakim Lihudy. Ndi chenjezo yoyamikira ya kum'mawa Makolo akale, iwo mwapadera anafika ku Moscow. Abalewo anali kudziwa Buku anali madokotala Kottonianskoy Academy. Sophronius ndi Joachim ndaika khama lawo onse kulenga wauzimu bungwe apamwamba yophunzitsa Russia. Tikumbukenso kuti zaka 2 pokhapokha imfa ya Polotsk ake "Mwayi" (chikhazikiro chikalata cha Academy) analandira pomwepo Fedorom Alekseevichem. Patatha zaka zitatu sukulu analandira madalitso a mabishopu, Woyera.

Makalasi loyamba

Inayamba mu 1685, koyamba inachitika mu Epiphany obisika. Abale Likhud ophunzitsidwa poyamba yekha Greek. Kenako kukodzedwa maphunziro ndi kuika mu apamwamba ake. Kumapeto kwa 1866 anayamba kumanga nyumba osiyana pa dera la Onse-Ngwachisoni Mpulumutsi ansembe yotchedwa, amene amadziwika kuti Zaikonospassky (pa malo - chifukwa chizindikirochi pafupi izo). Likhud abale asamukira ku nyumba yatsopano m'chaka 1687. The Asilavo Greek Latin Academy amaphatikana nthawi yoyamba magulu atatu: chapamwamba, pakati ndi kutsikira. Choyamba, iwo ophunzitsidwa anthu 104. Patapita chaka chimodzi, ophunzira anali 163, ndipo mu 1689-mamita - 182.

maphunziro

Inde akuyamba ndi gulu kukonzekera. Iye ankatchedwa sukulu Russian. Akamaliza ophunzira ake anasamutsidwa. The kalasi lotsatira - School Book Malemba Achigiriki - anaphunzira Latin, Asilavo ndi kalata Greek. Kenako, ophunzirawo akayamba kuphunzira nkhani zina. Pa njira otsiriza anaphunzitsa zamulungu, dialectic, apamwamba, sayansi. Abale Likhud yekha analemba mabuku onse pa zinthu. Chitsanzo analandira mabuku ophunzitsa mayunivesite European. The mabuku zinalembedwa ntchito za Democritus, Aristotle, Campanella. Ife kupereka iwo zitsanzo za m'malemba zamulungu ndi ntchito zolembalemba.

ophunzira zikuchokera

Asilavo-Greek-Latin Academy anatenga ana mabanja osiyanasiyana. Monga mwana wa angongole, wamalonda, mkwati zikhoza kukhala woyandikana mpingo kutumikira mwana wa udindo waukulu kapena ngakhale kalonga wolemekezeka. sukulu Izi mwapadera ndi enawo, kutenga ophunzira pa mizere Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira. Kuwonjezera Russian unakhazikitsidwa mu chaka 1687 za Asilavo-Greek-Latin Academy anaphunzitsa Belarusians, Ukrainians, anthu Commonwealth, Moldovans, Lithuanians, Chitata anabatizidwa, Georgia. Mu mndandanda wa ophunzira anali ngakhale M'makedoniya. Achikulire ophunzira anaphunzitsa wamng'ono, ndi kuti potero kulimbikitsa aphunzitsi choyambirira. Ngakhale kuti mfundo yaikulu si Pamilunguyo zigawo ndi, amapereka analandira ophunzira zosiyanasiyana.

Mbiri ya Asilavo-Greek-Latin Academy m'zaka XVIII

Chiyambi cha m'ma unali wotchuka ndi kusintha boma la Peter. Atakhudzidwa kusintha ndi dongosolo maphunziro. Mu moyo wa Academy anayamba msinkhu. chiwerengero cha ana kuchuluka 600, kuchuluka aphunzitsi, laibulale wakhala kukodzedwa. Mu 1701, bungwe la anapatsidwa udindo wa boma sukulu. Petro anayamba kuitana aphunzitsi ku Lviv ndi Kiev, chifukwa iwo ali ndi lingaliro za dongosolo la maphunziro European Western. Chinenero chachikulu nayamba kulankhula Latin. Kutalika kwa phunziro pa zaka 12-15. Chikhalidwe cha ndondomeko maphunziro chinali pafupi dongosolo European Western. Tsopano Academy opangidwa osati masikolala kokha, komanso madokotala, omasulira, a boma.

kusintha zina

ophunzira ambiri alibe kumaliza maphunziro awo m'kalasi apamwamba, ndipo pambuyo chaka choyamba cha maphunziro anachoka mu zamankhwala, zomangamanga, masamu sukulu, chifukwa zidamdziwa Latin. Ana ku mabanja osauka anayamba kutumiza kunja. Pali anaphunzitsidwa Persian, Turkey, Arabic, ndi "mabuku sayansi", amene anaphunzira pa nthawi mu France. Pa sukulu anayamba kulankhula ku Ulaya. Ndi chilolezo Synod, anatengera mu 1721, bungwe anayamba alendo. Iwo ukugwira ophunzira Russian.

Mu 1708 ndi 1710. 2 lamulo linaperekedwa. Documents analamula ana a atsogoleri kuphunzira "Latin ndi masukulu Greek", ndipo kokha pa mapeto awo chikanathandiza mwambo wauzimu. Komabe, achinyamata si mwachangu pa maphunziro. Pa nkhani imeneyi, kuyambira 1721 Sinodi adamfunsa malisiti kwa ansembe kuti ana awo sukulu.

The Academy sanali otchuka pakati otchuka, chifukwa anali kwambiri ndithu ophunzira ku mabanja osauka. Mu 1729 theka la ophunzirawo anali ana a asilikali. Ophunzira ambiri - anthu ochokera anthu wamba anali kupeza ndalama zowathandiza mphamvu. Tsoka chomwecho ankavutika kwambiri M. V. Lomonosova. Patatha zaka zisanu anakhala pafupifupi dzanja pakamwa, koma sanafooke maphunziro. Titamaliza ana a alimi anabwerera landlords awo. Kuyambira 1277 anthu wamba Anasiya kukwera sukulu.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Amene unathandizira pa chaka 1687, ndi Asilavo-Greek-Latin Academy anali kusonkhanitsa yaikulu ya mabuku Russian. Oyang'anira a m'banja wonse usufruct lopitirira kunditumiza ku State Library. Academy ndi oyamba Russian zisudzo unakhazikitsidwa. Chifukwa cha bwalo kusukulu anaikidwanso, imene Simeon wa Polotsk anapereka ndalama "O Nebukadinezara," "mwana wolowerera."

Woyamba ntchito nduna ya zamasewero sukulu unachitikira mu 1701, mu November. The gululo kuika sewero la Uthenga fanizo la Lazaro ndi olemera. Kuyambira chaka chino ndi zisudzo akhala mwambo mu moyo wa anthu yolembedwa. Mu 1705 Feofan Prokopovich ankachitika tragicomedy "Vladimir". zaka ziwiri izi zisanachitike, anatenga play, chimodzi cha yowala mu zochitika za zisudzo sukulu. Staging anali kuchita zazikulu ndi zoyenera kutenga Noteburga Petrom. Mu sewerolo nkhondoyo inali akufotokozedwa ngati tikulimbana 'Russian Mars "ndi mphamvu zoipa. Yotsirizira amasuliridwe ku mafano 'tavrikiyskoy mwezi "ndipo" Swedish mkango ". Chiphunzitso anamaliza polowa "Russian Mars."

Nyumba ku Moscow

Nyumba chimene munali unakhazikitsidwa mu chaka 1687 za Asilavo-Greek-Latin Academy, analandira udindo wa chipilala kamangidwe ka tanthauzo feduro. Mu ndondomeko ya kukonzanso kwa kutengerapo dziko la nyumba nambala ndi kuvulala. Mu 2009, Komiti Heritage kulimbikitsa kuti maofesi kutengerapo Academy pansi mbali kumene kumakhala Amonke kuti analipo kale. Zimenezi zinanenedwa ndi wapampando wa bungwe - Valery Shevchuk.