Enclave - ndichiyani? State mizinda

Enclave - loti izi zikutanthauza chiyani? mawu zichokela ku Latin «inclavo», amene anamasuliridwa kuti "lockable". Mawu oti ndi gawo kapena mbali ya boma, lomwe mbali zotsatirazi:

- alibe kubwereketsa kunyanja;
- wazunguliridwa kwathunthu ndi gawo dziko la kudziko lina kapena zambiri.

angakondere andale

Enclave - chiyani malowa? Ndi mbali ya boma, lomwe mwini. Nthawi zina, malowa ali ndi mwayi tsankho kunyanja. Ndiye iwo akutchedwa poluanklavom kapena enclave m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Pamaso pa mbali akutali a dziko ndi zikuphatikizapo ena otero mgwirizano wa mayiko malamulo. Mwachitsanzo, kufika m'derali yomwe ndi enclave, m'pofunika kudutsa m'dera la State wina. Komanso, dera limeneli lingaoneke nkhani zofunika zimene ayenera kuthetsedwa chifukwa linakhalapo yachibadwa. mfundo zonse kawirikawiri anathana ndi kusaina mapangano pakati pa maiko nkhawa.

mitundu

Kodi enclave? Tanthauzo la lingaliro ili ataperekedwa kale. Mwachidule, uwu ndi gawo limodzi la dziko, limene lili mkati zina. Komabe, pali milandu pamene m'gawo osiyana, pali wina chilumba osiyana. formations amatchedwa kuti chachiwiri enclave. Zikatere, pofuna kupeza mbali ya dziko, umene uli mkati, izo zidzakhala zofunikira kuwoloka malire awiri.

Pali mfundo ina yofanana - ndi exclave. Izi zikufanana ndi dera sanali yekha, amene analekanitsidwa ndi gawo lalikulu la dziko ndi wazunguliridwa ndi mayiko ena. Choncho polueksklav kupeza nyanja.

Yemweyo m'madera akumidzi angatchedwe m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Dziko limene iye alimo, iye adzakhala exclave. limati zina amaona kuti ndi enclave. The terminology kutichitikira poluanklavov ndi polueksklavov.

zitsanzo

Pali ambiri a m'madera ndi midzi, zimene ife tikhoza kunena kuti enclave izi. Chitsanzo ndi Sankova-Nyamuliranani, yomwe ili m'malire a Belarus dera, Gomel. Administratively ndi zolembedwa dera Bryansk la Chitaganya cha Russia. Pakuti Russia Sankova-Nyamuliranani - ndi exclave ndi Belarus - ndi enclave.

Chitsanzo china Alaska. Kudera limeneli imatengedwa kuti ndi United States ndi polueksklavom poluanklavom Canada. Tifike ku Mediterranean, Melilla ndi Ceuta. Iwo poluanklavy kwa Morocco ndi polueksklavy kwa Spain. Pa Cape Pskov Nyanja kuli mudzi wa Oaks. Iwo ndi wosiyana gawo Russian Estonia. Choncho, polueksklav pamaso pa Russia ndi poluanklav ku Estonia.

Mayiko mizinda

Akuti kunena za kudzipatula gawo, akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ponena osati mbali wolekanitsidwa ndi boma pansi. Mfundo imeneyi ntchito mu kutanthauzira yosiyaniranapo. Pali mizinda ya boma ku mchitidwe dziko. Kwa iwo, mawu akuti "enclave" si ntchito.

State enclave - ndichiyani? Ndi m'mayiko amenewa, dera lomwe kwathunthu atazungulira dziko lina limodzi. Pankhaniyi, kulumikiza ku nyanja iwo satero. Mu dziko muli limati atatu amenewa. mndandanda lawo kumaphatikizapo San Marino ndi Vatican. m'mayikowa zili Italy. Chachitatu State amati ndi enclave la Lesotho. Inkakhala pa dera la South Africa. Zizindikiro za boma ndipo anapatsa kuti Chimatisi. Iye alimo malo mwa Italy.

Zochita dziko, palinso boma poluanklavy. Iwo amatha kukhala ku nyanja. Chitsanzo ndi Brunei. dziko wazunguliridwa ndi Malaysia ndi South China Sea. Wina State poluanklavom ndi Portugal. Wazunguliridwa ndi gawo la Spain ndipo ali ndi Atlantic Ocean.

Poluanklavom ndipo amaonedwa monga ena a Fort St. Angelo, limene lili mu Malta ndi wa Order cha Melita.

midzi

Kodi enclave? Tanthauzo limene pamwamba ikukhudzana bwanji ndi lingaliro ili osati boma. Koma pali vuto ndi malo omwe anthu amakhalako. Choncho, Tawuni ya Büsingen enclave ndi chapamwamba-Rhine kwathunthu atazungulira malire Swiss. anthu ake ali pafupi wina ndi zikwi theka. Kumudzi German Wangopatulidwira Mzere wa dziko amene m'lifupi - zosakwana kilometre wina. Ndipo gawo narrowest mlatho ndi mudzi Swiss otchedwa Dorflingen. Mu 1918 referendum ndi unachitikira Büsingen. Iwo nainte-sikisi a anthu anavota mokomera kulowa mu Swiss. Komabe, izi sizinachitike. Switzerland analephera kupereka chinachake Germany mu kubwerera.

Pali mzinda enclave ndi Ukraine. Izi Slavutich. mtawuni muno ndi malo ake administratively a dera Kiev. Koma kumbali zonse wazunguliridwa ndi dziko Chernigov akuluakulu wamng'ono.

Administratively mbali ya Moscow mzinda wa Zelenograd. Komabe, anapambulwa pa dera likulu. Uli paliponse Zelenograd The Moscow dera.

mizinda moyo

N'chifukwa chiyani pali gawo mfumu ya boma limodzi pa dera la ena? Enclave - ndichiyani? Anomaly? Ndipotu, ndi dera, amene ingafikiridwe pa mphambano ya boma lina. Pankhaniyi, kungakhale kovuta kuti lidzigwira ntchito za chuma ndi makonzedwe. Komanso kwambiri alipo enclave motsutsa ganizo la Landilani boma mtundu. Zingatanthauze kuti dziko afuna kukhala wokondwa basi kuti tichotse iwo adagawa derali. Komabe, mu kuchita izi sizikuchitika. Zone mizinda ambiri - kulimbikira kwambiri, ngakhale kuti nkhondo, kusintha mu dongosolo la zachuma kapena malire. Komanso, mizinda ya dziko akuchuluka. A ambiri m'madera awo adawoneka pambuyo kugwa kwa Soviet Union. Pafupifupi makumi awiri mizinda latsopano anaonekera pa nthawi imeneyo ku Asia ndi ku Ulaya.

Ku maganizo a zachuma dera mizinda asakhalenso Chile. Mu zinthu izi zachilendo, mmodzi wa iwo kusamalira bwino, pamene ena ikuchepa. Mwachitsanzo, Hong Kong. Pofika mu nthawi ya kusintha kwa ulamuliro wa China, iye anakhala chitsanzo omveka a dziko la kudalirana ndi malonda kwaulere.

Pamaziko a chitukuko cha malonda ndi ntchito zokopa alendo akuchuluka mizinda yaing'ono kumadzulo kwa Ulaya. Pakati pawo Belgium Baarle-Hertog, Austria ndi Chitaliyana Jungholz Campione. Ziyenda bwino akwaniritsa ndi American Point Roberts. Komabe, pali zitsanzo zina.

Pafupifupi mazana awiri m'magawo m'mayiko a Bangladesh, mizinda amadwala umphawi ndipo alibe magetsi. akumidzi mu Ferghana Valley, ngakhale kupezeka kwa nthaka yachonde ndi mitunda zidzasintha, kukhala ziipe anzawo ozungulira. Mu malo wapakatikati ndi dera Kaliningrad la Chitaganya cha Russia, komanso Spanish Melilla ndi Ceuta. Pakuti chuma chake bwino, iwo amanenedwa ndi ndalamachi boma ndi ubwino.

m'madera nyanja

Russia wa enclave la nyanja ya Okhotsk. Ichi ndi gawo la makilomita lalikulu makumi awiri zochulukitsa zikwi, ndi UN anazindikira mbali ya alumali chokhala la Chitaganya cha Russia.

enclave ili pakati pa nyanja ya Okhotsk. Poyamba, dera lonse ankaona kuti chidwi lotseguka nyanja. Panalinso kuweza ndipo muziyendayenda bwalo mitundu yonse ya dziko. Mu November 2013, Russia watsimikizira ufulu wake kumadzi kuti chimafikira kupitirira dera la Belgium, Switzerland ndi Netherlands. Panopa ili enclave - ndi kumtunda nyanja ya la Russia. M'gawo lake ziyenera kuperekedwa zofunika za nsomba Russian, zoteteza chilengedwe, chitetezo ndi zina zotero. D.

Lingaliro la mizinda fuko

Pali zinthu zina zimene kuli populata mtundu atazunguliridwa ndi gawo lokhalamo anthu wina. malo oterewa - ndi mizinda yosiyanasiyana. Mbali zimenezi ndi anthu amaona kuti kukhala magwero a mavuto. Mwachitsanzo, Chisomali mitundu enclave ku Ethiopia.

zimayambitsa

Tsankho mizinda otani pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. formations zimenezi ndizo chifukwa cha njira zotsatirazi:

- kusamuka m'madera lonse mitundu;
- kufunafuna kuthetsa yaying'ono a mafuko mu mlendo malo ake;
- amakakamizidwa ndende m'zigawozo ndi mtundu makamaka.

Naukograd

M'dera Moscow pali mtundu wa enclave - Dubna, mzinda amene kudera zone wapadera chuma mtundu luso-nzeru. zithandiza amagwira ntchito deta ya kuthetsa dongosolo la boma Russian, limene lalembedwa pa 21.12.2005

Malire a chigawo ichi zone likukhudza chithandizo ŵakwenera mu misonkho m'munda wa ntchito umisiri wotsogola.

History mumzinda wa Dubna, yomwe ili pa onse mabanki lalikulu Volga Mtsinje, inayamba mu 1956, ndi mudzi uwu si kutali Moscow, mu wamtunda wokwana milingo zana limodzi ndi makumi awiri kumpoto, pafupi ndi malire a dziko dera Tver. Likulu chikugwirizana ndi Dmitrov msewu, waterway ndi sitima. makilomita A zana kuchokera Dubna ndi "Sheremetyevo" ndege.

Mzindawu uli ndi mbiri lonse monga malo kafukufuku lalikulu. Mu Dubna olowa Institute ndi Research nyukiliya. Ndi intergovernmental mayiko kafukufuku gulu kuti collaborates ndi malo kafukufuku pafupifupi 200 padziko lonse. Asayansi ntchito pa JINR, mbiri ya anayambitsa anapanga makumi kupezedwa osiyana m'munda wa sayansi ya nyukiliya.

Mzindawu uli ndi asayansi aakulu ndi mafakitale angathe. malowo ali ano zasayansi kuyezetsa ndi tsinde sayansi, zina zamakono zipangizo kupanga amene anali ndi ndodo kwambiri aluso. Dubna amapereka RF patsogolo m'munda wa Akutsatira ndi lofunika sayansi, chitetezo, chitetezo, zipangizo, mphamvu za nyukiliya, mauthenga ndi zipangizo zachipatala.