Endopterygota: Zitsanzo Table

Full ndi tsankho kusintha kwa tizilombo ndiyo kusiyana pa chitukuko ndi kugwira ntchito. Makamaka izo nkhawa chitukuko ndi anatengera kwa zinthu chowawa. Endopterygota ayankhidwa mu nkhani ino.

General maonekedwe a Tizilombo kalasi

Tizilombo ndi yaikulu kalasi mtundu Arthropods. mbali awo ndi osiyana ndi zosiyanasiyana za thupi mu mutu, thorax ndi pamimba, komanso pamaso pa nthambi olumikizidwa. Tizilombo ndi asanu kuyenda miyendo ndi peyala imodzi ya chakudya. Pa chifuwa ambiri a iwo zili mapiko. Iwo ali awiri khola mapepala.

tizilombo tonse yodziwika ndi chitukuko zina. Izi zikutanthauza kuti iwo asunga mphutsi. Koma metamorphosis ake angayambe m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Pakuti Mwachitsanzo, tizilombo ndi kutembenuka kwathunthu kwa nthawi zina monga zikwa. Nthawi imeneyi sizimadya kuti amakhala ndi sabweretsa chisoni zinachitikira zinthu chowawa.

kutembenuka chosakwanira

Taganizirani mbali yaikulu amapanga wathunthu ndi chosakwanira kusintha kwa tizilombo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anthu awiri onsewa chonde kwa mazira izibala larva. Ndi chitukuko ndi metamorphosis chosakwanira ambirife akufanana wamkulu, koma alibe mapiko. larva Izi amalidyetsa ndi kukula. Chifukwa chimakwirira sangathe kutambasula, nthawi imeneyi limodzi ndi molting. Only pansi chikhalidwe ichi achuluke mu kukula ndipo kusinthika ake mu wamkulu.

Endopterygota anakhetsa pa siteji larval, koma kenako kuwasandutsa chrysalis a. The oimira Orthoptera ndi Nsabwe mayunitsi satero. larva awo yomweyo akufotokozera mu wamkulu. Zitsanzo za tizilombo amenewa ndi ziwala Dybok, crickets Mfuko, ziwala, zovala, Pediculus humanus.

Ndiko kuti, chitukuko cha tizilombo ndi metamorphosis chosakwanira mwa magawo zotsatirazi: dzira, larva ndi wamkulu.

mkombero tizilombo ndi kutembenuka kwathunthu

Complete kutembenuka kumafuna chitukuko cha mphutsi pupal. Chimakwirira ndi nkhope wamkulu. Mu zikwa alibe mapiko ndi maso. ziwalo zawo zikhoza adzafupikitsidwa kapena kwina. Ena tizilombo anapanga zosakhalitsa ziwalo larval. Mwachitsanzo, mbozi gulugufe anapanga miyendo onyenga.

Endopterygota molt kangapo pa siteji larval. Kenako pupate. Mu nthawi ili pafupi wathunthu kukonzanso kwa thupi. Pa nthawi imeneyi, tizilombo musadye ndi Usaigwedezere. Pali maganizo olakwika kuti chrysalis imapanga zina pamwamba chivundikiro. Ndipotu si. Pamisinkhu onse tizilombo anaphimba kokha cuticle. Development ku mphutsi ndi zikwa ndi ndiye kuti tizilombo wamkulu limodzi ndi molting nthawi.

Endopterygota: tebulo

Tizilombo ali mu citukuko ndi pupal siteji, achuluka kwambiri. Chifukwa mu nthawi iyi nyama sangathe kudya, mu njira iyi kuti ukhale zinthu chowawa. Mwachitsanzo, agulugufe ambiri overwinter. Magulu tizilombo ndi kutembenuka kwathunthu ndi chikhalidwe chawo chachikulu ndi alembedwera tchati.

nsikidzi

Kafadala ndi gulu ochuluka kuposa. Cacikulu, pali za 300 zikwi mitundu. Oimira kuti angapezeke onse a dziko ndi madzi. Iwo onse ndi elytra zovuta, nthawi zambiri ankafotokoza ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kumbukirani, monga momwe ziwonekera pa maziko a zobiriwira masamba Colorado mbatata kachilomboka. Mtundu uwu wotchedwa limatiuzanso.

Kafadala kudya masamba kapena nyama zing'onozing'ono. Choncho, ladybugs kudya nsabwe ndi Krasotel - mbozi gulugufe. Development endopterygota, kuphatikizapo kafadala, kukuchitika mwapang'onopang'ono zingapo: dzira, larva, pupa, wamkulu tizilombo - imago. Ndipo iwo ali mbali zonse zosiyana kunja. Ngati mphutsi kuyang'ana ngati mbozi wa imago ali ndi makhalidwe onse arthropods.

lepidoptera

Endopterygota zitsanzo za yomwe ife tsopano tikambirane zina mwa nyama zokongola kwambiri. dzina lawo sayansi amagwirizana ndi kapangidwe ka mapiko, amene yokutidwa ndi mamba. Koma onse kulitcha kuti iwo agulugufe, amene anawamasulira kuti chipembedzo cha amatanthauza "akale mkazi, agogo." Ichi ndi chifukwa amakhulupirira wakale kuti mizimu ya anthu akufa padziko tizilombo izi.

Malovu England gulugufe mbozi secrete chinthu chapadera, amene amapanga ulusi wa. Tizilombo izi yokhotakhota ndi zoteteza chipolopolo - chikhungwa kapena pupa Ufumuyo nkhani zosiyanasiyana. Filaments amakhala njenjete, amene kutalika kungakhale kwa 2 Km, ntchito kukonzekera minofu achilengedwe.

Hymenoptera

tizilombo dongosolo ndi metamorphosis wathunthu zosatheka kuti aganizire popanda oimira anthu a Hymenoptera. Koposa zonse, izi uchi njuchi ndi nyerere. Iwo amakhala ndi gulu lalikulu, mkati limene mosapita m'mbali anatumizidwa maudindo. Mwachitsanzo, njuchi njuchi imakhala ndi mfumukazi (m'chibelekero), amuna - ndi drones ndi anthu ena ntchito.

A chithunzi ofanana Tingaone mu mapiri nyerere. tizilombo ndiwo antchito pano. Kumanga nyumba yokha, iwo ali osokonezeka nthaka, kuonjezera porosity ake ndi zawachitikira ndi zinthu organic. Nyerere amaonedwa kuti akadali chosaneneka "amuna amphamvu". Izi tizilombo wapadera amatha kukweza kulemera koposa mwini nthawi pafupifupi 25. Izi ndi zotheka chifukwa cha zapadera mphamvu ya minofu chidule.

Diptera

Ku dongosolo la Diptera - komanso endopterygota. Iwo mosavuta kuzindikira ndi ikulira khalidwe. cizindikiro ici ndi kwaiye pa oscillation kusinthidwa kumbuyo awiri mapiko. Iwo amatchedwa halteres tizilombo ndi kupereka bwino pa ndege.

Mosiyana ndi zimene ambiri amakhulupirira chakudya chodalirika udzudzu ndi timadzi tokoma wa maluwa. Koma akazi a mitundu ina kwenikweni kudya magazi a anthu ndi nyama. mankhwala ndi koyenera kuti iwo kupanga mazira. Choncho udzudzu ndi matenda oopsa, monga malungo.

Iwo tizilombo oopsa ndipo ntchentche. Izi palibe vuto lililonse pa Koyamba, okhala anthu okhala ndi kudya chakudya. Choncho, mphutsi awo kuti akhale masango a organic: maenje zinyalala, amakana, nyama zakufa. Chifukwa, lili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha mavairasi, mazira mphutsi, spores mabakiteriya padziko matupi awo ndi kapepala kakuti m'mimba. Amauluka ndi kuipitsanso chakudya. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirazi, anthu akhoza kukhala ndi kachilombo ndi kamwazi, typhoid, TB ndi matenda ena oopsa.

utitiri

Komabe ena tizilombo m'magazi woyamwa ndi metamorphosis wathunthu - nthata. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, njira parasitic a moyo, iwo kwathunthu wopanda mapiko. Iwo kuboola-woyamwa mouthparts, amene kudya magazi a anthu ndi nyama.

Utitiri ndi kukula ochepa. thupi lawo flattened laterally, sadzachitanso ukufika 5 mm. Izo kumawonjezera kukula chifukwa cha kukula kwa pamimba monga odzazidwa mwazi. Koma nthata mphutsi kudya zinyalala organic. Choncho, angapezeke pansi pa nyumba zogona ndi kamakumba una wa makoswe.

Utitiri ndi oopsa kwambiri. Iwo amanyamula angapo matenda bakiteriya ndi tizilombo. Zikuphatikizapo salmonellosis, tularemia, matenda a chiwindi B ndi C, bango ofalitsidwa encephalitis, Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi, mliri, myxomatosis.

Choncho endopterygota zitsanzo za zimene takambirana mu nkhani yathu, umene ndi mayunitsi zotsatirazi: Tizilombo, njenjete, utitiri, Pereponchato- ndi Diptera. Mphutsi za tizilombo awa ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi akulu. Ndipo mu njira ya kusinthika kwa iwo kupita metamorphosis zonse za thupi. Ndi chitukuko cha wathunthu tizilombo metamorphosis kupita mu magawo a dzira, larva, pupa ndi tizilombo wamkulu - imago.