History ndi chaka Kazan

Potsatira malangizo a wamatsenga, ndi Bulgars anali kunyamula moŵa yaikulu madzi, ndi pamalo pamene madzi zithupsa, m'pofunika kumanga mzinda. Ndi chozizwitsa chinachitika pa nyanja Kleban. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha kubadwa kwa Kazan Khanate.

Kodi izo zonse zinayamba

Izi ndi chimodzi mwa nthano zosiyanasiyana zimene zatizungulira m'munsi Kazan. Pali Mabaibulo a Chigaza ndi za Muslim wopembedza, amene anagunda kasupe zozizwitsa, ndi za zoopsa moto amapuma chinjoka, chimene nthawi zonse za pa chovala manja kwa zaka zambiri, ndi zina zambiri nkhani zosangalatsa.

Chaka chenicheni maziko a Kazan, mwatsoka, adzatchedwa mpaka palibe munthu angathe. Kutchula koyamba za izo mu mbiri Russian unayamba zaka 1376 ndi 1391, ndipo magwero a kum'mawa - m'ma 15. Malo, Rachkov ankaganiza kuti Kazan anakhazikitsidwa atamwalira Batu mu 1255.

Koma nduna ya imatengedwa nthawi yosiyana, pamene nthaka Kazan. Tsiku 1005 potengera zotsatira za zinthu zofukulidwa m'mabwinja ku Kazan Kremlin.

Kwa nthawi yaitali, yomwe inamangidwa ngati malire linga wa Volga Bulgaria, Kazan anali gawo la Golden gulu. Iyi inali nthawi ya kukula zachuma. Chifukwa malo m'mayiko ambirimbiri ndiponso chitukuko cha mitundu yambiri ya zamanja inakhazikitsidwa malonda ndi ubwenzi zachuma ndi Turkey, Crimea, Moscow ndi ena.

Nyengo yatsopano

Ndiyeno panali nthawi ubale mwachilungamo zovuta Moscow. Ndipo ngakhale kuti sanathe kupewedwa pakati pa mizinda ubale zamtendere, nkhondo.

Mu 1552, Ivana Groznogo asilikali anatenga Kazan. Ambiri zomvetsa anthu mu August nkhondo, ndiyeno zaka zopitirira mwezi tasiya kuzinga mwayi Kazan. Icho chinali chaka chovuta kwambiri mu mbiri ya mzinda. Wa Kazan, njira yake ya moyo akhala kwathunthu ndikusinthidwa, ndipo atagwa mzinda October 1552 anayamba nyengo yatsopano ya chitukuko m'matawuni boma Russian.

Anthu wamba anali kunja kwa mzinda, ndipo malo a tawuni yawo linadzatchedwa Old Chitata Pamudzi. The Kazan chomwecho mwachangu anayamba kukhazikika ochokera m'mizinda Russian. Mu 1556, pa dongosolo la Ivan IV anayamba pomanga Kazan Kremlin. mzinda inamangidwa ndi olemera. Zikuoneka m'midzi yambiri luso, milatho zinamangidwa, fakitare yoyamba anamanga.

Mu ulamuliro wa Petro Kazan Choyamba analandira udindo wa likulu a m'chigawo Kazan. Ndi kutsegulidwa kwa kwaziwonetsero okhazikika ndi Kazan University (1791 ndi 1804) wotetezedwa mutu wa likulu la chikhalidwe chawo ndi sayansi dziko.

Koma padali Kazan ndi zinthu zoipa. Moto pa Pugachev chiwembu ndipo anayamba moto mu 1815 ndi 1842 katatu anatentha mzindawu pafupifupi pansi.

zowoneka

Today Kazan ndi mpake ankaona kuti likulu lachitatu la Russia. Wapadera munkapezeka mzinda Chili zosiyanasiyana zikhalidwe ndi zipembedzo.

Ngakhale chotero nthaŵi yaitali woyamba chaka, Kazan sanathe kupulumutsa kwenikweni zipilala mbiri.

Ambiri a nyumba akale ndi mbiri yakale pa kasamalidwe Kazan anawonongedwa ndi moto zambiri ndi nkhondo zowononga, ndi nyumba zikuluzikulu za gulu loyimba mapulani ukufanizidwa ndi nyumba 19 ndi 20.

Koma ngakhale chidwi izi Kazan kwenikweni kwambiri.

• Chisilamu Museum (ndipo lili zipilala pofukula wa zaka 10-11);
• Chipilala Kazan mphaka (anamangidwira mkulu wa Catherine II);
• Kachisi wa zipembedzo zonse;
• Petro ndi Paulo Cathedral (anamanga polemekeza woyang'anira Petra Velikogo - Petro ndi Paulo);
• Kachisi wa Cross;
• Azimov Mosque;
• Nyumba ya Shamil;
• Woyera Mfundo ansembe yotchedwa Zilant;
• University Kazan;
• Al-Marjani (. The mwala woyamba mzikiti anamanga ku Kazan pambuyo adani a Ivanom Groznym Anawaloleza Catherine II);
• Makhalidwe Kazan pabwalo (ili pa malo a caravanserai akale);
• Park 1000th lokumbukira Kazan;
• Masauzande chikumbutso cha Islam Mosque;
• Blue Lake;
• Kachisi wa Nkhope Woyera wa Mpulumutsi (ili pa chilumba mu Kazanka, anamanga pokumbukira asilikali Russian amene anafa pa nthawi ya adani a Kazan) , ndi ena ambiri.

Ndipo, ndithudi, ambiri anapita alendo kopita ku Kazan Kremlin. Nyumba iyi ali m'gulu mndandanda wa malo UNESCO World Heritage.

Anakhazikitsidwa mu 1556, ndipo tsopano ndi loyang'anira nyumba yaikulu. Ndi okhala pulezidenti.

chikumbutso chidwi

Mu 2005, iye anafika kuzungulira ndi yofunika tsiku - amalembedwa mbiri Zakachikwi wa Kazan. Maziko a mzinda (tsiku) mu mzinda anakopeka anthu ambiri. akuluakulu okha amene anapita likulu la Tatarstan polemekeza mwambowu, panali 10 chikwi. Pa magawo a mumzindawo Gala zoimbaimba.

A mjaha latsopano, anali otseguka kwa lokumbukira paki Kazan Millennium, lowoneka siteji nyimbo akasupe. Komanso, anthu a mzinda kuyembekezera kulandiridwa mphatso mu mawonekedwe a kutsegula kwa Kazan mobisa. Anamaliza chikondwerero cha waukulu tysyachezalpovy sawatcha.

Kuyang'ana ukulu masiku ano mzinda wakale, n'kovuta kuyerekeza mmene adzakhala chaka cha 2000 Kazan.