Imasonkhezera Urania - imasonkhezera zakuthambo

Masiku ano salankhula za luso la sayansi momwe ife tikuganizira za choreography ndi, ndakatulo, zisudzo kapena nyimbo. chakuti Agiriki akale, mosiyana ndi ife, anazindikira Space ngati ntchito langwiro kwambiri luso ndi imasonkhezera Urania kunaoneka ndi iwo monga kudzoza nzeru zake. Kwa nthawi yoyamba dzina lake mabuku Western ikupezeka mu ntchito ya Hesiod. Tikalibe kuphunzila zambiri za Urania kwambiri, timudziwe bwino banja lake Mulungu.

ndi Muses ndi ndani?

Malinga ndi mfundo za Agiriki, muses - ana aakazi zisanu ndi zinayi za mulungu wamkulu Zeus ndi Mnemosyne, mulungu wamkazi wa pamtima. Aliyense munda wa ntchito amaona kuti n'zofunika, malinga ndi Agiriki akale anali kukhala woyang'anira yake - imasonkhezera, ndipo mu izo kukhala ndi kutukuka. Komanso, muses onse, kuphatikizapo imasonkhezera Urania, limodzi ndi ouziridwa Musagete-Apollo, mulungu wa luso ndi mgwirizano munthu onse anzeru, yowala ndi yokongola, kuphatikizapo makhalidwe, sayansi ndi mitundu yonse ya luso.

Madera a chitetezo

Kungotchula woyambirira wa muses anapeza ntchito za Homer, zina komanso kupereka uthenga ana asanu ndi anayi a Zeu ndi malo kuyang'anira za sayansi ndi luso:

1. Calliope ( "mawu wokongola") - imasonkhezera nsembe ndi kukonda dziko lako, ndi epic ndakatulo. Zinali Ahelene wake wapamwamba anakhulupirira imasonkhezera ndi akuonetsedwa ndi mlombwa wreath kapena korona pa mutu wake.
2. Clio ( "ulemerero wa wopereka") - imasonkhezera mbiri, limene, mogwirizana ndi Agiriki akale, zinalembedwa m'mabuku ake, ngakhale mwambo zing'onozing'ono pokumbukira iwo achotsa.
3. Melpomene ( "nyimbo, kuimba") - imasonkhezera tsoka, atavala mikanjo ed, atagwira m'dzanja lake chigoba kwambiri.
4. Talia ( "mtima") - imasonkhezera Comedy, ndi nkhata yosavuta Ivy pa mutu wake ndi sewero lanthabwala chigoba mu dzanja.
5. Polyhymnia ( "kwambiri nyimbo") - imasonkhezera wopatulika nyimbo ndi woyang'anira wa oyankhula.
6. Terpsichore ( "tisangalale kuvina") - imasonkhezera kuvina, kuphatikizapo maukwati. Anavala malaya yosavuta, pamutu - korona wa chisomo Ivy, mu manja ali ndi azeze zojambulidwa pamiyala.
7. Euterpe ( "Chisangalalo") - imasonkhezera ndakatulo lyric ndi amene mutu chokongoletsedwa ndi nkhata ya maluwa. chida ake - awiri chitoliro.

8. Erato ( "okoma") - imasonkhezera chikondi ndi ukwati ndakatulo. Iye anafaniziridwa atavala nkhata ya maluwa ndi nthawi ndi ena perky ndi wansangala choimbira m'manja mwa Mwachitsanzo, maseche kapena azeze zojambulidwa pamiyala.

9. Urania - imasonkhezera zakuthambo ndi sayansi. Wamng'ono wa onse aakazi a Zeu ndi wanzeru ogwirizana Sitimayo inagunda Athene. The manja Urania nthawi Zimalondolera ndi dera lakumwamba, atavala nyenyezi tizinthu chobisala pa mutu wake - korona wa makamu.

Imasonkhezera aakulu kwambiri

Monga tanenera kale, imasonkhezera Urania (chithunzi cha ziboliboli zake inu mukuona) - wamng'ono mwa alongo nayini, koma ndi wodziwa zinthu kwambiri ndiponso anzeru a iwo. Iye ndi wokongola, monga ena imasonkhezera, chifukwa Agiriki anali kalokagathia mfundo kwagona kuti wamaonekedwe okongola ngati wokongola mkati komanso. Choncho Kuteteza Tirhana na Sciences sanathe kukhala unsightly maonekedwe.

Ngakhale kuti Urania ndi alongo limodzi ndi mantha, Musagete, wodala kuvina ndi kusangalala pa gulu polemekeza Diyonisiyo, amaimira mphamvu ya chidziwitso ndi amalingalira. Imasonkhezera Urania am'tchula onse amachoka pa chipwirikiti cha kukhalapo tsiku ndi tsiku kuti amatanganidwa kuphunzira ndi kuganizira za moyo chapamwamba kwa chilengedwe ndi zilakolako za nyenyezi, zimene zimasonyeza kuti tsogolo lapansi. Monga tanenera kale, Pamoyo zina makhalidwe imasonkhezera, Urania mu dera ili m'mwamba ndi kampasi.

Pakuti iye ali ndi udindo?

Kumvetsa kwathu watsopano wa sayansi yeniyeni monga zakuthambo si kuvomereza mfundo iliyonse mphambano ndi ndakatulo kapena luso lina. Mnthawi mapangidwe a Agiriki ndi zikamera wa mwambo zakuthambo nyimbo zinali zambiri luso kuposa ndi sayansi yeniyeni. Urania - imasonkhezera zakuthambo akuyamba ndi masamu nyenyezi yapangidwa Greece wakale.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, Agiriki anatha kukwaniritsa pamwamba chachikulu chophunzira za mlengalenga, nyenyezi ndi chilengedwe. Zinali ku Greece mu BC III atumwi. e. Aristarh Samossky loyamba liyenera ndi kungoganizira za heliocentrism, ndi masovedwe wa Eratosthenes Kirensk, anapanga pa nthawi yomweyo, anapanga maziko a kalendala kuti tigwiritse ntchito lero. Gipparch wa Nicaea m'nthawi II BC. e. Iye anatha kulenga mndandanda woyamba wa "nyenyezi" mu kuwala ndi kusankha Table kayendedwe ka mwezi ndi dzuwa. Koma mlongo wa Urania, Clio, munthu nditaona ndithu: lero wotchuka olakwika chiphunzitso geocentric kuika patsogolo mu II m'ma BC. e. Claudius Ptolemy, chimene chinali maziko a mpingo wa ziphunzitso za loukitsa, osati anapeza kale asayansi Greek.

Monga tanenera kale, zakuthambo - sayansi imasonkhezera Urania, mmodzi wa khalidwe wamkulu. Iye anaphunzitsa diviners Babulo ndi amatsenga, akatswiri achigiriki ndi ofalitsa, amonke ndi apamwamba a Kubadwa Kwatsopano, nyenyezi, zongoganiza ndi anzeru kwambiri pafupi nthawi yathu. Zili kuthambo ndiponso mfundo zonse zakhala chifukwa cha mfundo za nthawi inayake ndipo anali pakati pa atasemphana maganizo.

Aphrodite Ourania

Ndithudi, Agiriki, anagwiritsa ntchito epithet "Urania" N

rimenitelno mwana wa thambo mulungu - Aphrodite, limaimira mphamvu za chilengedwe. Aphrodite Urania - lakumwamba Ahelene akulemekezedwa osati monga woyang'anira za chikondi choyera ndi banja, komanso ngati wamkazi wa mphamvu zobereka mphamvu komanso zomera, woyang'anira minda, minda ya zipatso, minda ndi minda ya mpesa.

Chifaniziro cha ureniamu mu luso

Popeza heyday la Greece wakale zapita kwa zaka zambiri, koma imasonkhezera Urania nthawi ouziridwa zakuthambo osati ndi asayansi kugwirizana nazo. Chifanizo cha Urania angapezeke mu zojambula ya Simoni Vouet "The Muses Urania ndi Calliope," Lui Tokke "imasonkhezera Astronomy," Angelica Kauffman ndi Lui De Boulogne, Ioganna Genriha ndi Eustache Le Sur, Yana Geveliya ndi zojambula mochita kugoba ndi Hendrick Goltzius. Kumene, imasonkhezera mu zithunzi izi anazionetsa zovala mu mawonekedwe a nthawi pamene analenga chithunzicho, koma dera lakumwamba ndi kampasi mu dzanja, kapena cholembera, ndipo mapu a kumwamba alipo kwenikweni.

Alembi ndi ndakatulo komanso sunapewe maganizo ake: Urania - imasonkhezera zakuthambo kuti anauziridwa University ndipo Tiutchev pa "kulingalira odic." wotchuka chi wathu wa Iosif Brodsky anamasulidwa mu 1987, buku la ndakatulo "Kuti Urania." Mu St. Petersburg izo zakonzedwa kukhazikitsa chipilala kwa ndakatulo mu mawonekedwe a steles zitatu zolembedwa mavesi "Kuti Urania."

Moscow Planetarium Urania ngakhale analenga Museum, kumene pachionetsero analengedwa ndi Jan Hevelius nyenyezi lonse, limene utoto mu XVII m'ma kuwundana wotchuka. Komanso, m'nyumbayi zimaonetsa nkhani zosiyanasiyana zosangalatsa zokhudza maphunziro a m'mlengalenga ndi nyenyezi.