Irbit chilungamo: kufotokoza, mbiri chidwi mfundo ndi ndemanga

Irbit chilungamo kwa zaka zitatu, anali wachiwiri kufunika ndi ukulu mu Russia, yokha Nizhny Novgorod. Kutchula koyamba za limakhudza kwa zaka 30 m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, izo pachaka mpaka 1929. Chitsitsimutso cha fairs miyambo chinachitika mu 2003. Tsopano chaka chilichonse kumapeto August.

Irbit chilungamo: Akale ndi Ano

Mwalamulo, nthawi yoyamba fairground chikondwerero pa mtsinje Irbit adamangidwa 1643. zaka khumi ndi ziwiri zisanachitike, pa confluence a mitsinje awiri anabwera Irbit mzinda. M'mudzi waung'ono anthu 31 wamba banja. Lili pa yofunika malonda njira kuthetsa unakula mofulumira, ndipo wochepa m'dera Torzhok anapeza mtengo wa malonda nsanja yaikulu.

Babinov njira limene irbit chilungamo anali thoroughfare akuluakulu onse, yolumikiza European Russia ndi Siberia. Goldmine kwa amalonda m'dera ndi amalonda kunja, zomwe lalikulu zedi anang'ambika mumzinda zambiri unremarkable.

Masiku amenewo, kuno kokha mugule chofunika kwambiri ku Siberia ubweya abwino Chinese silika ndi tiyi, amabisa nkhosa kuvala wapadera ku Central Asia. Moscow amalonda anabweretsa zodzikongoletsera malonda manufactory ku Urals anagwira zitsulo.

Panyengo zosiyanasiyana za mapwando fairground unakhalapo kuyambira masabata awiri masabata asanu. Childs, nthawi ya khalidwe lawo anagwa mu yophukira ndi yozizira miyezi. Today Fair akubwera masiku anayi okha basi ndipo anasamukira ku mapeto a August.

Pa "The Great Tiyi Road"

Choyamba chilungamo irbit anali wotchuka ngati malo kugula ndi kugulitsa tsitsi Siberia - ndi item mtengo, ofunika kwambiri ku Ulaya. Komabe, mu mdima wa mbiri anataya mfundo ina chidwi: ndi apa Irbit m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu anapanga okhawo koyamba pa malonda tiyi.

"The Great Tiyi Road", umene unachitika pa kapepala Babinov, kupanga chilungamo m'tauni yaing'ono okhawo kapepala ndi mitengo ya Chinese "golide madzi."

Traditional Fair chipangizo

Irbit chilungamo kuyambira penipeni waonetsa zodabwitsa za mkulu kudziletsa bungwe. Pa bungwe ambiri amalonda osankhidwa anatumiza, aliyense gulu lawo kapena makampani. Ndiye analenga ovomerezeka Committee Fair yosankhayo tcheyamani ake. Ntchito ya Komiti ya mlandu osati yankho la mavuto gulu ndalama, komanso kukonza dongosolo ndi kuthetsa nkhani makani onse mwa amalonda, ndi pakati pa iwo ndi ogula.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, chilungamo wakula kwambiri osati amalonda ufulu komanso mabungwe lalikulu boma, mabanki, zoyendera nyumba malonda anatenga gawo mmenemo.

Pofika m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi ku Irbit chilungamo anakula pakati ubweya wa malonda, ndipo iye anayamba kuyang'ana kwambiri ngati kuwombola chofunika, kuposa msika tingachipeze powerenga chilungamo.

kusintha nthawi

Masiku awa, zazikulu za mzinda ndi pulogalamu yosiyana. Irbit mtengo chilungamo cha yosayenera malo kugula lalikulu, kulumikiza magawo awiri a dziko. chitsitsimutso chake - ndi m'malo msonkho mwambo, zokumbukira mbiri ya mzinda. Lero, kuposa chochitika yowala zokongola umalimbana kukopa alendo.

Monga kale, kuno amapita malonda katundu yogwira mafakitale. Komabe, yomwenso waukulu akadali pa chiwonetsero cha ntchito zamanja miyambo ndi kugulitsa katundu m'nyumba.

nakhalanso nthano

Mbali yaikulu ya zamalonda kalekale ndi kugulitsa luso wowerengeka ndi zamanja mankhwala. Zamgululi Urals amisiri anali wotchuka mu Russia. Tonse kumbukirani nthano Pavla Petrovicha Bazhova limene limafotokoza luso la Ural mwala-cutters. Zamgululi zopangidwa ngale Malachite ndi phiri ankachitira dzanja chabwino "overman", ofunika amalonda kunja pa ndime ndi ubweya wa ku Siberia ndi tiyi Chinese.

Iwo amati Daniel lowoneka mbuye alipodi. Akukhulupirira kuti zinachitika anatumikira Ural lake lodziwika bwino wofunafuna Daniel Zverev.

Irbit chilungamo: mzinda wa amisiri ndi zosangalatsa zina

Bone kusema ndi mwala filigree akamaumba, kukongoletsa kupenta katundu zitsulo Ural zingwe opanga ndi jewelers adalemekeza irbit chilungamo osati zochepa ubweya ndi katundu kunja.

Lero, ngati zaka zana zapitazo, luso la amisiri Ural ndi amisiri akhoza kudzitama Irbit. Program Irbit fairs chaka amapereka zokambirana kuti akuonetsa ndi kugulitsa zinthu zaluso wowerengeka ndi zamanja. City wa ambuye - si chionetsero malo, kumene kugula ndi kugulitsa alendo. Akapita izo, agwera mu mlengalenga wapadera luso ndi luso zokambirana za Urals akale.

Apa, aliyense akhoza kuyesa nokha ngati "phiri mbuye milandu" kumva chithumwa ntchito ndi mwala, kuyang'ana mu safanana, ndi mwini katundu utoto thireyi wake ndi manja awo mtanga zopangidwa birch khungwa. Usasiye aliyense chidwi ndi zovala miyambo ya anthu a Urals, ndi mwayi kudzayesa iwo adzalankhula pa amatanganidwa zinkakhalira chikondwerero.

N'chifukwa kupita Irbit

Kumene, mwambo waukulu mu moyo wa mzinda ndi irbit chilungamo. Mayankho za izo makamaka zabwino, ngakhale kwathunthu, inde popanda ziyangoyango ndi mavuto. Anthu ena sindimakonda makamu, wina akufunsa malonda awo ankakonda ndi alendo, koma kuganiza wonse wa chilungamo ndi chidaliro kwambiri.

Tsiku lina si zokwanira anaona zonse zimene zakonzedwa ndi pulogalamu zonse sati mumangonyong'onyeka ngakhale masiku anayi a chilungamo.

Komanso, Irbit ali zokopa zina, mbiri amadziwikanso inextricably zogwirizana ndi zofunika kwambiri kanthu mzindawo. Ngati mwasangalala chilungamo mu utumiki, muyenera kuyang'ana mu Irbit zakale ndi Ethnographic Museum. Mmodzi mwa zigawo zazikulu kwambiri ku Russia akhoza kudzitama za zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho osowa. Chionetsero okhazikika laperekedwa kwa Irbit chilungamo.

Okonda nyumba yakale "ndi mbiri" zingasangalatse kumanga fupi. "Kukhala pa chilungamo ndi kukaona kumsika - ziri monga kukhala Rome ndipo saona Papa" - akusonyeza tanthauzo kwa mzinda kusimba mawu a "Fair Irbitsky pepala" Mu zaka zapitazo. The nyumba yaikulu ndipo anamangidwa m'nthawi ya chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, linali likulu la fairs moyo Irbit. Kutsogolo nawo malonda mizere mwala si wochepa ndi kukongola ndi sikelo yaikulu kwambiri mu malonda Russia Kostroma. Kalanga ine tsopano mu malo awo, wopanda zambiri. nyumbayi ndimeyi Today ntchito cholinga chake: izo mofulumira kusinthanitsa imachitikira, ngakhale, ndithudi, popanda lonse kale ndi mwanaalirenji.