Itanitsani Aleksandra Nevskogo. Photo. Knights wa Order Aleksandra Nevskogo

Mwa boma mphoto zambiri Russia Mbiri ndi wapadera m'njira zambiri malo apadera ndi Order ya Alexander Nevsky. Nkhani ya zachilendo wake. Order anaonekera m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, mu 1917 anathetsa Chilamulocho, kenako ankakhulupirira anayambitsa pa Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Mu 1991, iye unatha Soviet Union, koma mkulu-mphotho, anapulumuka Russian Ufumu Soviet Union, onani nkhani za ngwazi ya Russia latsopano. Landilani ichi kwambiri wophiphiritsa. Commander wa Order Aleksandra Nevskogo - anthu kutumikira dziko, anthu, osati ndale. Pa awa anaima, akuima adzaima mwamphamvu Russia Woyera.

Amene anali Alexander Nevsky

Anabadwa mu 1420, kalonga kale mu m'badwo wa 22 anatchuka kwambiri wanzeru kugonjetsa Teutonic Knights. Kugonjetsedwa kwa Teutonic Knights sanali mwachisawawa sizinatheke. Kuyambira ndili mwana, Alexander anali wolemekezeka ndi chilungamo ndi kudzipereka kwa dziko lakwawo. Kuwonjezera talente utsogoleri, kalonga analibe zofunika makhalidwe palibe munthu, lomwe ndi nzeru mkulu, kulimba mtima ndi wosatsutsika mphatso nthumwi. Ganizirani kuukira Russia anali pambuyo Battle pa Ice, koma anamanganso la manja, malingaliro njira ndi zochita mwatsatanetsatane iye mwaluso pamodzi mapeto yabwino kuti mapangano a dziko lachilendo ndi kugwirizana kuti kulimbitsa Novgorod kulemera pa mapu a ndale a Europe ndi ku Asia.

Kulambira ndi kulemekeza Alexander anayamba zimenezi pasanapite nthawi atamwalira wolungama 1263. Atangotsala pang'ono kuphedwa, iye anakwanitsa kutenga dongosolo kumene kumakhala Amonke ndipo anapereka moyo wake kwa Ambuye, kuvala dzina kumene kumakhala Amonke Alexius.

chakuti munthu oyera chizindikiro cha mtima wa ana a Russia mu ulamuliro wa Catherine Wamkulu, nakhalabe choncho mpaka 1917, palibe zodabwitsa. Pa zimene metamorphoses mu nthawi wopanduka, nkhani akambirana pansipa. No zochepa chidwi ndi tsoka la mphoto ndi m'masiku athu.

Kodi ndi ndani pakati Order

Ganizo kukhazikitsa dongosolo la Alexander Nevsky anaonekera poyamba Russian Mfumu Petra Velikogo, koma kuzindikira kuti anali mfumu. Komabe, mu ulamuliro wake zachitikira kuonetsetsa kuti mu malingaliro otchuka wakhazikitsa chifanizo cha Mpulumutsi amunamuna a lawo lapansi. Ndipo pambuyo pa imfa yake, kalonga anapitiriza kuuzira ft wake Russian asilikali. Isanayambe Nkhondo ya Kulikov (1380) Alexander incorrupt zotsalira litapita ku zokometsera wa dziko mbadwa. Mu 1721, Tsar Peter Wamkulu anaganiza kulepheletsa iwo kuchokera Vladimir ku likulu latsopano. Zimenezi penapake anachedwa, ndipo izo zinachitika chifukwa mlingo wapamwamba wa kulambira zotsalira za kalonga mpulumutsi. Zotsalira anali Klin, Tver, Vyshny Volochyok, kenako ntchito njira wake pamodzi nyanja Ilmen, kalekale anakakhala Novgorod. Angelezi anali ambiri, koma, malinga ndi lamulo Mfumu, msikiti siliva Anam'samutsira Shlisselburg, kumene mpaka 1724. Pomaliza, bishopu Theodosius analandira malangizo a Peter ine yopereka a zotsalira za St. Petersburg mpaka mapeto a August chaka chino, ndipo chidachitika. Mfumu anamwalira asanalembe kukhazikitsa dongosolo la Alexander Nevsky. Russia kumbukirani ngwazi yawo.

Dongosolo la Catherine

Catherine, mkazi wa mfumu-wokonzanso mosamala ankachitira ambiri a maganizo ake ndi njira. Ine musatisiye izo zosasamaliridwa ndi cholinga cha mphoto latsopano. Iwo anakhala kumene anakhazikitsa dongosolo Aleksandra Nevskogo. List of awardees anatsegula anthu khumi - za nkhondo ndi anthu wamba, pankhaniyi Mfumukazi penapake kupotoza chithunzithunzi cha mwamuna wake mochedwa, akukhulupirira kuti abambo akhale okhawo amene korona okha ulemerero. Mwambowu anali anapima kuti lifanane ndi ukwati wa mwana wa Petro ndi Anna Duke Karl-Friedrich (chikwati chimenecho chinachitika mu 1725), ndipo iyi inali nthawi yoti m'manja Order ya Alexander Nevsky anayi alendo-Holstein, amene mwachionekere anapangidwa zifukwa zamtendere. Pa nthawi yomweyo anapanga ndi lamulo umene ulemu apamwamba okwana akuluakulu a asilikali, kuyambira ndi ambiri aakulu. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi boma atamva tebulo a maudindo. Mofanana 1725 Catherine ndinapeza n'zotheka mphoto dongosolo ili ndi palokha. Ambiri, Mfumukazi pachifukwa ichi kukhala. Mu ulamuliro wake chiwerengero cha Cavaliers anafikira anthu 64 (kuphatikizapo yekha).

Kuyambira Catherine kuti Catherine

Pamaso pa chiyambi cha "zaka golide" wa Catherine II mazana atatu kanjedza wolemekezeka wa ufumu analandira Order ya Alexander Nevsky. Ena mwa iwo ndi agogo A. S. Pushkina, General-mu-akulu Hannibal (kudziwika monga arap Petro), V. Suvorov, bambo generalissimo a, academician CG Razumovsky, ndi curator loyamba la University Moscow, ndi zina zambiri anthu otchuka. Mafumu okhonda (kuphatikizapo Mfumu ya Prussia, Frederick II, Mfumu ya Poland ndi Elector la Saxony, August III, Chijojiya Mfumu ya Kartli ndi akalonga George ndi Balkar) unali ulemu waukulu kuvala Mendulo izi. Iwo anali kupereka ndi Chiyukireniya hetman.

Amaitcha pansi Catherine Wamkulu

mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu amaitcha anali mu ulamuliro wa Catherine Wamkulu. Nthawi yokha, zinthu zoopsa zimene zinawachitikira zomwe zinachititsa kuti kukula kwa mphamvu Russian ndi kukula kwa malire ace, ndi nkhondo wopambana chinathandiza ichi. AV Suvorov, MI Kutuzov, FF Ushakov - mayina a nkhani zambirimbiri mtima uliwonse Russian. Anapitiriza miyambo wokhazikitsidwa Catherine Ine, chimene asayansi, olemba mbiri ndi olemba, nayenso, kunapezeka kuti ayenera mphoto monga mwa dongosolo la Alexander Nevsky. Russia wakhala nthawizonse wolemera anthu aluso, ndipo tingati zipambano zawo achititsa kuti ulemerero dziko zosachepera zochita admirals ndi akazembe. Mwa olandira anganene atamva milandu AI Musin-Pushkin, anapeza m'nthawi ndi mbadwa, "Lay." Kalanga ine, mwa Knights ndipo anali wathuwu Moscow mkulu wa apolisi Arkharov zimene bloomed umasinthasintha wamkulu mphamvu. Chabwino, zolakwitsa kuchitika konse.

Paulo Order

Paulo ndinatenga kusintha ndipo ukhale dongosolo awarding ndi kulowa kuti wosakwatiwa, zimasiyana mu "makalasi", koma luso si Anapitirizabe. Izo zinachitika kuti dongosolo la Russian Ufumu anakhala Order Andreya Pervozvannogo, kumbuyo kwake - St. Catherine, mu malo lachitatu - .. St. Aleksandra Nevskogo. Chizindikiro anatumikira monga mphoto riboni ankavala pa phewa. Mtundu - wofiira, ndi awiri mutu mphungu, choyimira dziko. The Order anali siliva nyenyezi ndi korona kalonga ndi dzina la Alexander monga monogram ndi, komanso zozungulira ndi Mwambi "Pakuti Labor ndi Lathu." Cavalier anadalira zovala wapadera ankavala pa zochitika zapadera pamaulendo ku khoti. Pamene Paulo anaonekera khumi asanu ndi atatu okha kupereka, kuonetsa udindo mkulu wa dongosolo.

Special chikhalidwe Order

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ndondomeko ya apeze Order ya Russian Ufumu anali limodzi ndi asapita bwalo ndalama ndi abambo. Awarding anali zinatigonjera amalipiritsa (200 kenako 600 rubles), koma ndi anapereka ufulu kwa penshioni kapena ndalama pachaka owonjezera ndalamazo. motere anali anakhalabe mpaka 1917 ndipo anapeza anapita yokonza nyumba olumala ndi zochitika chikondi. Control zolowa chilungamo ikuchitika ndi zopalira ya njira ya bungwe wapadera, amene amasankhidwa ndi woyenera.

Order anali digiri chimodzi chokha, koma kusiyana zinali zotheka. mphoto zina ankatengedwa malupanga, zizindikiro diamondi, ndipo ngakhale diamondi malupanga ankavala ndi nyenyezi yaikulu. udindo wa mzere anali ananenera, ndi mtundu wa yunifolomu kapena zovala zoyenera kuti atavala Order ya Alexander Nevsky chimene, ndi zina mphoto zina amapita, ndi ena ayi.

Pambuyo pa October kuukira boma, mphoto ya mfumu onse anathetsa.

Stalin "Alexander Nevsky"

1942. The vuto kutsogolo ndi katundu, ndipo panthawi ina kwenikweni yovuta. Mbali yaikulu ya gawo European Soviet Union litalanda mdani. Ndi nthawi kukumbutsa anthu yaulemerero zakale ndi olimba mtima wa makolo awo. Madongosolo ndi mendulo ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World anavomera mu zaka zoyambilira nkhondo, limaimira dziko lawo ndi kukumbukira zakale. Limatchula za internationalism ndi wachibale a anthu ogwira ntchito inaimitsidwa ndi womkanikizawo, mu newsreels ndi zosemasema. German proletariat pansi mbendera Nazi kupondaponda dziko lathu. Iwo ayenera kuti akunde galimoto, ndiyeno okha, mwina kulankhula za ulimi dziko.

I. V. Stalin atalamula kukhala zina zachidule wa mendulo dzina la asilikali lalikulu - Kutuzov, Suvorov ndi Aleksandra Nevskogo. Luso mmene kukumana Services Committee akupitiriza ntchito zofunika boma. Luso ina ya nkhaniyi akuyang'anira I. S. Telyatnikovu - twente-sikisi wojambula (munthu wamanga).

Movie nyenyezi pa Order

Ntchito anatumizidwa Telyatnikova, sizinali zophweka, stylistically Magulu onse atatu ayenera kuima Mofananamo, amaganiza fano m'chigawo chapakati cha khalidwe pambuyo amene mphoto dzina lake. Zithunzi za Suvorov ndi Kutuzov ojambula zithunzi ziwanda. Kodi nkhopeyi njayani, kuti anyamule Order ya Alexander Nevsky? The USSR anali munthu wamkulu cinematic mphamvu. Mu 1938, SERGEY Eyzenshteyn anapanga filimu za Nkhondo ya Ice. Igor Sergeevich Telyatnikov anapeza n'zotheka ntchito mau ophiphiritsa a kalonga Heraldry anakhazikitsa wosewera Nikolai Cherkasov. Msonkhanowu ndi anazolowera chakuti Alexander Nevsky zikuwoneka njira, ngakhale kuti maonekedwe a ngwazi wowerengeka amakhalabe osadziwika lero chifukwa cha kusowa mu pompo-pompo kulingalira.

Quality ndi kuchuluka

Order kunapezeka zokongola. Za maganizo oimira la timbewu tonunkhira, ndi zosabvuta pa luso opanga (zinali zosavuta kuchita izo tselnoshtampovannyh) Igor Sergeevich Telyatnikov amakana anayankha kuti mphoto ayenera kukhala ndi magawo angapo anasonkhana pamodzi. I. V. Stalin, atamva mbali zonse, anatenga udindo wa mlembi. Komabe, posakhalitsa chifukwa cha mawonetseredwe a ungwazi Unyinji wa asilikali a Red Army, anali kutsogolo kupita ku zosabvuta pa luso. kupanga zipangizo Basic - siliva (925 carat) ndi enamel. Zoposa makumi awiri zochulukitsa zikwi za mphoto awa ochokera panthawi ya nkhondo. mphoto ambiri ndi mendulo WWII umabala makope ochepa, koma nthawi zina kupulumutsa kwambiri. Chinthu kuti amalandira ulemu mkulu kuvala chithunzi kumbuyo dziko Russian yekha wosimidwa daredevils, nsombazi chifukwa cha kupambana tsogolo pa moyo wanu. otchulidwa Ghibli Malipiro awo anali Sizotheka kusunga ...

Amene anali Ankhondo a dongosolo la Aleksandra Nevskogo? List anatsegula 42 atsogoleri olimba mtima wa Red Army mu November, Captain SP Tsybulin ndi msilikali I. N. Ruban. Tikumbukenso kuti poyamba izo anaganiza kuti kuti udzakhala wosangalatsa mphoto anthu, ndipo mudzalandira atsogoleri ake junior, kuphatikizapo atsogoleri a regiments, koma kenako anawonjezera bwalo woyenera monga atsogoleri Chigawo ndi atsogoleri brigade. Lamulo yaikulu inali zochita zawo akuwonetseredwa luso, kulimba mtima, makhalidwe a Prince Alexander. Vuto ndi muyezo wa mphamvu pa nthawi kuukira bwino. Ngati mdani yandikulira mbali yathu, nathamangira kumuukira, moteronso anawonongedwa kapena anathawa, ndipo inali nthawi kupereka mphoto kwa ngwazi ya. Ndiye, molingana ndi ndondomeko muyezo asilikali anatsatira Bungwe la Watsimikiza Supreme. Si nthawi zonse panali milandu pamene kupereka dongosolo la Aleksandra Nevskogo anapatsidwa mphoto kachiwiri (a chabe zana) nateronso nkhani yapadera, ngati mabere awo wokometsedwera atatu (kudziwika kwa onse atatu asilikali awa olimba mtima).

Choncho, mkulu wa mfuti kampani Ivan M. Gray ndi unit zopatsidwa kwa iye mu June 1944, molimba anaukira amphamvu a mdani, mopanda mantha anapita udindo wake ndi moto anawononga za makumi asanu Nazi ku Germany. Mipanda analanda zana Soviet asilikali molimba kumenya nkhondo kuchokera m'mizinda isanu. Tsiku lotsatira kampani mtsinje ndipo anapita kumbuyo kwa mdani, kuposa kulola ndime a magulu waukulu wa asilikali patsogolo Soviet. Choncho Company Commander Gray anakhala Knight a Order Aleksandra Nevskogo. Koma ngwazi za sikunalekere pamenepo. The Regiment anali patsogolo, ndipo mu July kampani IM Gray, kusonyeza ungwazi battalion anakana Anazi, ndipo kenako jambulani mdani mu nyamazo ndi. The mphoto wachiwiri anali kulandira mphotho.

Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, pali zochitika zina pamene magulu analamula sergeants ndi alonda wosalabadira. Order Aleksandra Nevskogo - mphoto akapitawo, koma zimene ndi kutumikira anthu ogwira m'gulu anatsimikizira woyenera zimenezo. Wofunika kwambiri pa anamanganso ndi akazi ochepa, amene anamenyera pa amadzibisa lapansi. Akapitawo a squadron "Normandie-Niemen" French Leon Kafo, Pierre Joseph Risso Pouyade ndi mendulo analandira ungwazi mu mlengalenga.

Pambuyo Kugonjetsa Order ya Aleksandra Nevskogo kwa zaka zoposa khumi, palibe amene kupereka. Pa kupanduka Chihangare ochepa alonda Soviet, akuchita mwachangu ndi molimba mtima, akanathera ndi kutsogolera asilikali ochepa. Iwo anali kuperekedwa ndi mphoto.

Isanafike 2005, anapitiriza kupereka mphoto kwa iwo amene sakanakhoza kulowa nawo mu nthawi ya nkhondo. Nthawi zina otchulidwa si n'komwe malipiro awo.

Watsopano kuti akale

Utatha wa zipsera USSR Soviet a asilikali ndiponso anthu wamba mphoto idaleka. Iwo m'malo ndi mendulo latsopano ndi Order la Chitaganya cha Russia, mu matchalitchi amene amati wake ndi mawu kupitiriza wa State Russian. Kuwonjezera pa Star Gold wa Hero, mphoto ochepa anapitiriza dzina lake. Maonekedwe kanali anali kwambiri anasintha zizindikiro za boma Soviet anagwetsa watsopano (kapena akale), odula manja, pawiri mutu mphungu. Mu 2010, iye anakhazikitsa dongosolo la Aleksandra Nevskogo Russian Federation, kuti kukhala ndi maganizo mkulu wa akapolo anzawo akale.

Malinga ndi lamulo mphoto atumiki woyenera boma ndi anthu ena amene ndi ntchito zawo kapena mtima kunathandiza kuti chitukuko cha dziko wamasiyeyo ndi mbiri yake. Zilibe kanthu kaya khama anapangidwa m'munda wa zochitika asilikali, sayansi ndi chikhalidwe, umoyo, maphunziro kapena ntchito zina. Order Aleksandra Nevskogo Russia akhoza kupereka yekha kukhala njonda mphoto ina pamwamba lawo lapansi. Amaitcha kuti iwo akhale nzika yachilendo kapena nzika, ngati chinathandiza mgwirizano kuberekana lonse. Kuwonjezera chizindikiro chachikulu chikalata mwake ndipo makope kakang'ono amene akhoza kufooka pa yunifolomu kapena zovala wamba kumanzere a chifuwa. Iye anali kukumbukira zakale ulemerero Mwambi "Pakuti Labor ndi kwawo" lomwe tsopano olembedwa pa n'zosiyana ndi. Ngati munthu kale kupereka anali kupereka dongosolo la St. Catherine, riboni chikuyimira lamulo la St. Aleksandra Nevskogo, ayenera ankavala m'munsi.

Latsopano Russian Order ya Knights

Order nakhalanso Russian Ufumu kunja stylized mtanda, alibe fanizo la wosewera Cherkasov, koma mu medallion chonse, chigawo chapakati cha zikuchokera alipo Kukwera Akavalo chithunzi chokhala mkulu-wankhondo wakhala woyera.

Pang'ono kusinthidwa ndi ndondomeko imene amaitcha dongosolo la Alexander Nevsky. Photos Knights anapereka atolankhani si nthawi zonse limodzi ndi buku la lamulo zogwirizana, ngakhale mfundo za awarding palibe chinsinsi si za wina aliyense wa iwo anatsimikiza magwero onse. Pa zaka zinayi zapitazo iwo zapitirira makumi asanu ndi awiri. Mwa kupereka ulemu mkulu ndi zisudzo (V. S. Lanovoy ndi V. A. Etush), ndipo Orthodox ansembe, kuphatikizapo Kanyaniko wa Russian ndi Ukraine Churches bambo Cyril ndi atate wake, Vladimir ndi zithunzi za boma, nthumwi za dziko malonda (mwachitsanzo, . V. Deripaska). Russian Order Aleksandra Nevskogo kumeneko ndi Chibelarusi Pulezidenti Lukashenko. Sanaiwale ndipo amene alimbikitsa ntchito masewera awo ulemu dziko lathu, pakati pawo Tatiana Pokrovskaya - mphunzitsi wa maloboti timu kusambira. State Duma ziwanga ndi mbalameyi Zyuganov komanso kum'patsa ulemu mkulu wa kuvala pachifuwa pake chifanizo cha St. Alexander.

Komabe awarding zimachitika infrequently. kuti ayenera udachita ntchito mwakhama kuti athandize Russia kwa zaka zambiri, ndi zina zambiri.