Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa Padziko Lapansi. Ziyembekezo ntchito dzuwa mphamvu mu dziko

Pakali pano, vuto la mowa mphamvu ndalama zikuchepa zokwanira - chuma dziko si wopandamalire, ndipo asanabwere anthu ake wokongola anawononga zimene anapatsidwa ndi chikhalidwe. Pa nthawi, ankachita malasha ndi mafuta nkhokwe zomwe tsiku lililonse akukhala ang'onoang'ono. Mphamvu ya maganizo walola anthu kuti chinthu chosakhulupirika m'tsogolo ndi ntchito mphamvu nyukiliya, kubweretsa izo ngozi yaikulu ubwino wa chilengedwe chonse.

No zochepa mwamsanga ndi funso Environmental - chuma yogwira migodi ndi ntchito anapitiriza chimawononga boma la dzikoli, kusintha osati chikhalidwe cha dothi, ndipo ngakhale nyengo.

N'chifukwa chake chisamaliro chapadera nthawi linaperekedwa kwa zachilengedwe a mphamvu, choncho, mwachitsanzo, monga madzi kapena mphepo. Pomaliza, pambuyo pa zaka zambiri za kafukufuku yogwira ndi chitukuko cha anthu "kukhwima" kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu dzuwa mu dziko. Ndicho za izo ndipo ilo.

Mu ichi wokongola

Pamaso timapita pa zitsanzo konkire, tikupeza zomwe ziri choncho chidwi cha mtundu umenewu kupanga mphamvu ofufuza padziko lonse. kakatundu Aika angatchedwe sizidzatha. Ngakhale malingaliro ambiri, n'kutheka kuti nyenyezi ngati Sun adzatuluka posachedwa, ndi yaing'ono kwambiri. Choncho, pamaso pa anthu anapeza mwayi kupeza mphamvu zitadya mwachibadwa.

The chachiwiri zoonekeratu mwayi ntchito dzuwa mphamvu mu dziko mwina wochezeka. Impact pa chilengedwe m'mikhalidwe yoteroyo adzakhala ziro, womwe amapereka dziko kumene tsogolo labwino kuposa amene atsegula pamene kupanga zonse ndalama zochepa pansi.

Pomaliza, tiyenera kulipira mwapadera chakuti ntchito mphamvu dzuwa ngozi osachepera munthu.

Monga momwe zilili

Tsopano ife tikubwera ku nsonga. Pansi pa dzina ndakatulo ya "dzuwa mphamvu" ndi kubisala mu mfundo kutembenuza cheza mu magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono mwapadera otukuka. Zimenezi amaperekedwa ndi maselo photovoltaic, zomwe anthu akhala ntchito yogwira kwambiri pa zofuna zawo, ndipo ndithu bwinobwino.

cheza dzuwa

Izo zinachitika mbiri kuti nauni "cheza" ndi munthu oipa kwambiri mayanjano kuposa zabwino mogwirizana ndi anthu masoka opangidwa amene anatha kupulumuka dziko moyo wake wonse. Komabe, luso ndi ntchito mphamvu ya Sun kwa dziko lapansi limapereka ntchito adali pamodzi naye.

Kwenikweni, mtundu cheza ndi cheza atomu, amene osiyanasiyana ndi pakati microns 2.8 kuti 3,0.

Choncho bwino ntchito ndi anthu sipekitiramu dzuwa kwenikweni mitundu itatu ya mafunde UV (2%), pafupifupi 49% ndi kuwala mafunde, ndipo potsiriza, yofanana nkhani cheza infuraredi. dzuwa mphamvu ali pang'ono zigawo zina, koma ntchito yawo ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri motero kuti ndi amadza wapadera pa moyo alibe dziko.

Kuchuluka kwa dzuwa mphamvu kugwa pa dziko lapansi

Tsopano, pamene zikuchokera ntchito kuti athandize anthu sipekitiramu anatsimikiza, tisaiwale Mbali ina yofunika ya gwero la. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa pa Dziko Lapansi zikuoneka zingamuthandize kwambiri komanso chifukwa alipo zedi mwachilungamo lalikulu pafupifupi mtengo wotsikitsitsa kwa yobwezeretsanso. Total mphamvu ankalankhula nyenyezi yayikulu kwambiri, komabe abwera kwa padziko Lapansi za 47%, lofanana kilowatt-maola mazana asanu quadrillion. Yerekezerani, tiona kuti mmodzi kilowatt maola adzatha kupereka khumi mababu mphamvu kuwala zana Watts.

Mphamvu cheza dzuwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mu dziko, ndithudi, kumatengera zifukwa zingapo: ndi nyengo, mbali ya zochitika kunyezimira padziko, nyengo ndi malo m'mayiko ambiri.

Pamene ndi mochuluka bwanji

N'kosavuta kwa ndikuganiza kuti kuchuluka tsiku mphamvu dzuwa kufika padziko a zikusintha, monga mwachindunji amadalira malo a mapulaneti poyerekezera ndi dzuwa ndi lamulo la nyenyeziyo. Iwo akhala ankadziwikanso kuti mu kuwala masana ngati n'kotheka, pamene m'mawa ndi madzulo, chiwerengero cha kuwala kufika pamwamba n'chochepa kwambiri.

Ndi chidaliro tikhoza kunena kuti ntchito mphamvu dzuwa adzakhala asonyeza mu zigawo, kukhala pafupi ndi gulu kunyanja, thangwi kweneko ndiye kusiyana mitengo apamwamba ndi kutsikira ndi kochepa, kusonyeza kuti pazipita kuchuluka cheza kufika pamwamba lathuli. Mwachitsanzo, ku dera la malo m'chipululu cha Africa kuchuluka pachaka cheza ukufika avareji 2,200 amene anafunsidwa kilowatt-maola, pamene Canada kapena Mwachitsanzo, zizindikiro musalumphe 1,000 kilowatt-maola Europe Central.

Dzuwa mphamvu mu mbiri

Ngati mukuganiza kuti akutanthauza ngati n'kotheka, amafuna kuti "zikhale" a nyale kwambiri, n'kumawotha dziko lathuli, anayamba Kale m'nthawi achikunja, pamene aliyense mchitidwe wakhala ophatikizidwa mulungu osiyana. Komabe, ngakhale mawu sakanakhoza kukhala pa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa - mu dziko matsenga analamulira.

Mutu wa ntchito ya dzuwa mphamvu mu dziko wakhala anamuukitsa mwachangu okha XIV mochedwa - m'ma makumi awiri. The yojambula weniweni sayansi anapangidwa mu 1839 ndi Alexander Edmond Becquerel, amene anatha kukhala mpainiya mmene photovoltaic. Kuphunzira nkhani imeneyi chawonjezeka kwambiri, ndi kale zaka 44 pambuyo Charlz Fritts anatha kupanga loyamba mu mbiri gawo, yomwe inachokera pa golide-yokutidwa selenium. Kugwiritsira ntchito dzuwa mphamvu mu dziko anapereka pang'ono za magetsi anamasulidwa - chiwerengero cha nthawi yopanga anali osapitirira 1%. Komabe, anthu onse anali yojambula weniweni, kutsegula M'maso latsopano la sayansi, sanali ngakhale akulakalaka kale.

chopereka kuchedwa kukula mphamvu dzuwa, anayambitsa pa nthawi Albert Einstein yekha. Masiku ano, dzina wasayansi ndi zambiri kugwirizana ndi chiphunzitso wake wotchuka wa relativity, koma mfundo Nobel Prize anali kupereka izo phunziro la photoemission.

Kwa nthaŵi sayansi ya dzuwa ntchito mphamvu mu dziko kudutsa kuwuka meteoric, ndi chimodzimodzi mofulumira kuchepa, koma nthambi izi kwa chidziwitso nthawi zonse kusinthidwa ndi mfundo yatsopano, ndipo tikuyembekeza kuti m'tsogolo patsogolo pathu adzatsegula khomo kwa dziko lonse latsopano.

Nature nafe

Pa zoyenereza za ntchito dzuwa mphamvu mu dziko, tinawalalikira. Tsopano kulabadira zolakwa za njira izi, zomwe, mwatsoka, palibe zochepa.

Chifukwa cha kudalira mwachindunji pa malo dera, nyengo ndi kayendedwe ka dzuwa kukhala dzuwa mphamvu zedi okwanira pamafunika yaikulu ndalama malo. Mfundo yofunika ndi wamkulu mowa m'dera ndi processing cheza dzuwa kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu woyera ife tifika kuchoka pa. Malo ndi machitidwe zazikulu kwambiri amafuna wambirimbiri danga free, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto ena.

Vuto lina zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa mu dziko, ndi mwachindunji amadalira nthawi ya tsiku, chifukwa kupanga adzakhala ziro usiku, ndipo m'mawa ndi madzulo nthawi, ndi zonyozeka.

An zina chiopsezo chinthu nyengo palokha - kusintha lakuthwa mu zikhalidwe akhoza kukhumudwa bwanji kugwira ntchito m'njira imeneyi, chifukwa iwo amayambitsa mavuto debugging mphamvu zomuthandiza. M'lingaliro, vuto la kusintha mwadzidzidzi wa mayamwidwe ndi kuchuluka m'badwo ikhoza kukhala yoopsa.

Woyera, koma mtengo

Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa Padziko Lapansi ndi zovuta mphindi chifukwa mtengo wake mkulu. maselo Photovoltaic, koyenera kuti kukhazikitsa njira zoyambirira ndi kukwera mtengo. Inde, ubwino kugwiritsa ntchito zimenezi amapereka kulipira ngongole, koma mfundo zachuma maganizo pa mphindi si kulankhula za zonse ndalama mtengo kuchira.

Komabe, monga momwe atengera, mtengo wa maselo dzuwa akutsikira pang'onopang'ono, kotero kuti ndi nthawi vuto akhoza kwathunthu kuthetsedwa.

The sangathe kwa ndondomekoyi

Kugwiritsa dzuwa monga gwero mphamvu ndi vuto komanso chifukwa njira imeneyi chuma processing si nthawi yambiri ndi kovuta. Mowa ndi processing cheza mwachindunji amadalira chiyero cha zipangizo zimene zimapereka mabvuto ndithu. Kuwonjezera apo, kungasokoneze kwambiri pa ndondomeko komanso zinthu Kutentha, amene akhoza kupewedwa yekha pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo wamphamvu kuzirala kuti amafuna palibe ndalama zina zakuthupi, ndithu.

Komanso, mbale ntchito okhometsa dzuwa, patatha zaka 30 ntchito yogwira pang'onopang'ono kulowa ziyambe kukonzedwa, monga mtengo wa maselo dzuwa tanenera poyamba.

mavuto a zachilengedwe

Vuto kale, kuti ntchito za mtundu wa gwero akhoza kupulumutsa anthu ku mavuto mokwanira kwambiri zachilengedwe m'tsogolo. Kufufuza gwero ndi chomaliza mankhwala kwenikweni kwambiri zosawononga chilengedwe choyera.

Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa, okhometsa dzuwa ntchito mfundo ndi ntchito mbale wapadera ndi maselo dzuwa, zomwe chofunika kupanga zinthu misa wonunkha ngati kutsogolera Arsenic kapena potaziyamu. ntchito zawo za wochezeka wosatenga Komabe, kuperekedwa nthawi yochepa ntchito zake pa nthawi mbale nazo akhoza kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu.

Kuchepetsa mavuto pa chilengedwe opanga ikuyenda kwa mbale woonda filimu, yomwe ndi mtengo wotsika ndi zotsatira zochepa zingawononge chilengedwe.

Njira akatembenuka cheza mphamvu

Mafilimu ndi mabuku za tsogolo la anthu pafupifupi nthawi zonse zimatipatsa chithunzi ofanana kwa ndondomekoyi, chimenenso, zingasiyane zayamba kuchokera ku chenicheni. Pali njira zingapo kuti atembenuke.

Ambiri angatchedwe kale anafotokoza kutsegula kwa photocells lapansi.

Kapenanso anthu mwachangu amagwiritsa dzuwa matenthedwe mphamvu zochokera pamalo wapadera Kutentha, amene amalola ndi malangizo abwino pamene kutentha akamagwira Kutentha madzi. Ngati inu wosalira ndondomeko ya mmene ndingathere, izo angayerekezedwe ndi akasinja, amene amagwiritsa ntchito shawa yotentha m'nyumba ya gawo payekha.

njira ina kutsatira cheza mphamvu kupanga ndi "kupalasa dzuwa" omwe akhoza kuchita kokha zingalowe m'malo a. Mtundu uwu wa dongosolo otembenuka cheza mu mphamvu kayendedwe.

Vuto la kusowa kwa kupanga usiku zibaluni pang'ono anathana zomera mphamvu dzuwa, ntchito akupitabe chifukwa kudzikundikira mphamvu anamasulidwa ndi nthawi ya ndondomeko kuzirala.

Ife ndi dzuwa mphamvu

mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphepo pa Dziko Lapansi ntchito ndithu mwachangu, ngakhale nthawi zambiri sitikumana mungazindikire. Poyamba otchulidwa zotukwana Kutentha madzi akusamba chilimwe. Ndipotu, ambiri mwa dzuwa mphamvu ntchito zolinga zimenezi. Komabe, pali zambiri zitsanzo zina: pafupifupi sitolo kuyatsa luso angapezeke ndalama mababu kuwala imene ungatithandizire popanda panopa magetsi ngakhale usiku chifukwa cha mphamvu anasonkhanitsa masana.

zochokera makhazikitsidwe photovoltaic ankagwiritsa ntchito m'malo ogulitsira zosiyanasiyana ikukoka, ndi kachitidwe mpweya wabwino.

Dzulo, lero, mawa

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri kwa anthu - dzuwa mphamvu, ndiponso chiyembekezo ntchito zake zedi mkulu. makampani ndi mwachangu ndalama zolipirira, anawonjezera ndi bwino. Tsopano dzuwa mphamvu kwambiri anayamba mu United States, pamene ena zigawo ntchito ngati zonse kunachitika gwero zina mwa kundipatsako. Mphamvu yomweyo ya mtundu wa ntchito ya Mojave chipululu. mayiko ena akhala wakonza njira ya mtundu wa m'badwo magetsi kuti posachedwapa mwina vutolo kuipitsa.