The zikuchokera mlengalenga

m'mlengalenga ndi mpweya envelopu dziko, womwenso mpweya ndi zosafunika monga fumbi, mchere, kapena madzi a mankhwala kuyaka, kuchuluka kwa iwo si nthawi zonse, mosiyana ndende mpweya. Taganizirani mwatsatanetsatane zikuchokera m'mlengalenga gasi monga kuchuluka kwa asafe - 78% oxygen - 21%, xenon - 8.7% wa hydrogen - 5%, nitrous oxide - 5% helium ndi - 4.6%, Neon - 1.8 %, dziko - 1.7% krypton - 1.1% argon - 0,9%, madzi - 0.5% ndi mpweya - 0,03%.

The zikuchokera mlengalenga zikuphatikizapo madzi nthunzi, amene zimasiyanasiyana mu nthawi ndi malo ndi wokhazikika mu troposphere lapansi. Amatha kusintha ndi carbon dioxide, zili umadalira pa munthu ndi moyo wa mbewu. Aerosol particles amapangidwa ndi zochita za anthu, nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu troposphere ndi pa kutalika kwambiri, koma Zikatero ali Mlingo yaing'ono.

Choncho, zikuchokera mlengalenga zimasiyanasiyana malinga okwera a. Mu zigawo amene ali pafupi ndi nthaka, kuchuluka kwa ukuwonjezeka woipa mpweya ndi mpweya - yafupika. M'madera ena kumaonjezera kuchuluka methane ndi mpweya zina zimene zimachititsa chiwonongeko cha ozoni, maonekedwe a zotsatira kutentha ndi asidi mvula. About 10% zosafunika mu mlengalenga chifukwa cha kusintha kwa zinthu zachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, mapiri akaphulika phulusa kugwera mu izo, zidulo sulfuric ndi ena, komanso gasi wakupha. Komanso, gwero sulfure ndi kuvunda zotsalira za zomera, m'madziwo m'malovu ndi moto nkhalango. Komanso posachedwapa amalimbikitsa amasulidwe VOC (kosakhazikika mankhwala organic). Otsala 90% zosafunika, zomwe zili mbali ya mpweya kugwa chifukwa cha zochita za anthu. Izi zikhoza kukhala Mwachitsanzo, mpweya utsi, kukokoloka, kusunga zinyalala ndi zina zotero.

Tikumbukenso kuti m'mlengalenga ali zigawo zisanu, malire a zimene anatsimikiza mtima kusintha kutentha, malinga ndi kusiyana kwa mayamwidwe cheza.

Choncho, wosanjikiza m'munsi (troposphere) amalandira mpweya kuchokera pamwamba pansi. Troposphere accommodates awiri ikuwomba Gawo, asafe ndi oxygen. Komanso, wosanjikiza uyu ali ndi chiwiya aerosols ndi nthunzi likuyenderera mu evaporation kuchokera pamwamba pa madzi nyanja.

Pamakhala stratosphere, amene ali zikuchokera ofanana troposphere lapansi. Komabe, apa ndalama ya nthunzi ya madzi mu nthawi zikwi zochepa, ndi Mpweya umene ndi zikwi wamkulu.

Komanso, zikuchokera m'mlengalenga ndizo zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti uwononge ndi kukhala zingakuvulazeni zamoyo. Tiyeni tione ena mwa iwo.

1. Sulfa woipa panamveka m'mlengalenga ndi evaporation wa madzi nyanja, mipweya umuna ndi njira zina zachilengedwe, komanso kuyaka kwa mafuta. Pali umakaphatikizana ndi nthunzi ya madzi kupanga asidi sulfuric.

2. Mpweya woipa popangidwa ndi kuyaka wa mafuta nkhuni ndi fodya, komanso eni injini kuyaka.

3. VOC (isoprene, terpene ndi methane) inakhazikitsidwa chifukwa ntchito za zomera mankhwala, matenthedwe zomera mphamvu, komanso evaporation a chinyontho m'minda ya mpunga kapena m'madambo.

4. okusayidi (woipa) asafe aumbike ndi kuperewera kwa mpweya mu kuyaka kwa mafuta, ndi pamene wambirimbiri mpweya utsi ndi mpweya zomera matenthedwe mphamvu.

5. Photo-oxidants (Pan, formaldehyde, Mpweya umene) amapangidwa chifukwa cha zochita mankhwala chikuchitika ndi nawo cheza cha dzuwa.

Choncho, m'mlengalenga amaphatikizapo ambiri zinthu zosiyana ndi zinthu. Ena mwa iwo ndi zofunika kukhalabe ntchito ya zamoyo padziko lapansili, ena aziisewera iwo timathawa udindo zimathandiza kuti kuonongeka kwawo. Choncho pofuna kuti m'mlengalenga sanalandire yambiri zinthu zoipa zomwe izi zingantidwe pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa.