Major Hrs atulukira Herodotus: ofotokoza ndi mbiri

Herodotus, amene anali kutchedwa atate wa mbiri, anabadwa m'chaka cha 484 BC mu Halicarnassus (Koma deta awa unaudited, ndi tsiku lenileni la kubadwa palibe kuitana munthu amalephera). Imathamanga zedi, kuti anabadwa pakati pa Persian Nkhondo. Komanso m'nthawi zambiri amadziwika za maulendo ake. mudziwe zambiri za Aigupto, Foinike ndi anthu ena anasiya Herodotus. atulukira Geographical ife mwachidule m'nkhani ino.

Magwero a Herodotus

Anabadwa mu Halicarnassus mnyamata kuyambira ubwana wake kuonera njira ku doko la zombo kubwera ndi kupita ku mayiko akutali. Ambiri mwina, izo chabutsa mwa iye kumulakalaka mayiko unexplored, maulendo ndi kutulukira. Mu unyamata wake iye anayenera kusiya dziko laling'ono la nkhondo yolimbana ndi nkhanza, amene Komabe, unakhazikitsidwa pano. Nakhala pang'ono mu Samo, m'chaka cha 464 imatumizidwa ulendo wanu yaitali apaulendo Herodotus, anapeza Hrs umene chopereka chachikulu sayansi.

Herodotus, ku Babulo

Ancient zazikulu likulu la Asuri, wodzaza pa magombe a mtsinje wa Firate - Babulo. Popeza anayamba ulendo munthu wamkulu. mzindawo unali utazingidwa ndi chemba ndi olimba makoma aŵiri njerwa. Misewu, akuguba mosamalitsa monga wolamulira, wodzazidwa nyumba apansi atatu kapena anayi. Iye anatsindika Kamangidwe ka nthawi wapaulendo mfumukazi Netoktidy ndi Babulo. Madamu, ngalande ulimi wothirira, mlatho - onse anamangidwa mu Babulo, chifukwa akazi anzeru. Herodotus Kodi Hrs atulukira kugwirizana ndi malowa?

Onse, iye analankhula mwaulemu wa chikhalidwe cha East wakale, osati kuiwala kufunika kwake kwa chikhalidwe cha dziko wakale. Herodotus anatsegula kwambiri padziko lonse zokhudza anthu amene ankakhala mu dziko lomwe tsopano ndi Tien Shan ndi Turkmenistan (Sogd, sahah, areyah ndi zina zotero).

atulukira Geographical a Herodotus ku India

Ali Asuri, wapaulendo anamva kwambiri za dziko lachilendo la India. kujambula ake a m'nthawi yake anali ndi chidwi chachikulu. Malinga Herodotus, mfundo koyamba za ngodya osadziwika ali Mfumu Dariyo, adatuma anthu ake kufufuza njira m'kamwa wa Indus ku Nyanja Yofiira.

Apa vodilos zosiyanasiyana yaikulu mbalame ndi yowala, nyama zazikulu ndi zomera chodabwitsa. Agiriki amene nthawi ndidali wosadziwika chithunzi. Motero, funso "? Kodi anapeza Hrs yotentha ndi Herodotus ku India" Kodi adayankha motere: iye anapereka Agriki latsopano thanzi monga chimanga - mpunga. Mosayembekezera iye, "chipatso cha ubweya" - thonje. Za anthu a dziko, analemba kuti anthu kumeneko zinenero zosiyanasiyana, pali anthu woyendayendawu ndipo amangokhala, ndi onse osiyana: munthu chinkhoswe nsomba, pamene ena kudyetsedwa udzu okha.

ndi kupezedwa Hrs yotentha ndi Herodotus mu Scythia chiyani?

Ponena za atulukira apaulendo mu dziko lino, ndi ponena kuti ndiye adayamba nkhani ya moyo, makhalidwe ndi miyambo ya Scythia ofunika. Pamaso Herodotus, Asikuti anali pafupifupi kanthu amadziwika. Choncho ngati wasayansi anabadwa mu m'mapiri ndi zamwano, izo kwambiri chidwi ndi chakuti Asikuti - lalikulu m'chigwa wolemera chernozem chonde m'nthaka. Nyengo ya dziko chinakudabwitsani Herodotus, izo zinkawoneka ngati yozizira pano kumatenga miyezi itatu. Iye amakhala pa za m'gawo la mtsinje: Istra, Tyra Borisphen ndi zina zotero. ntchito yake pa mafuko a Scythia anali m'nthawi zofunika Komanso, izo zikutsimikiziridwa ndi zofukulidwa anachita mu nthawi yathu. Herodotus anafotokoza miyambo woona ndi miyambo ya anthu a mitundu ina, anthu adziwane nawo. Makamaka chidwi woyendayendawu mafuko ng'ombe kuswana, chifukwa moyo wawo anali achilendo kwa Agiriki. Yalongosoledwa momveka apaulendo machenjerero ankhondo a Asikuti, wasangalala. Adakhoza duu pamaso pa asilikali nkhondo, kunyengerera iwo kudera omasuka ndipo kenako kutsegula nkhondo yapamwamba.

Herodotus ku Egypt

Egypt linachititsa chidwi apaulendo kwambiri kuposa mayiko iliyonse m'mbuyomo, inamuuza. Iye ophatikizapo kuphatikiza wangwiro wa malo ndi mbiri kwa izo. Herodotus Hrs atulukira ndi ku Iguputo, zinali zofunika kwambiri kwa Greece pa nthawi imeneyo. Nile madzi osefukira anamukantha, iye anaponyera ankhondo awo onse yankho zinsinsi wake.

Traveler mbiri, anasiya kufotokoza loyamba la Aigupto, moyo wawo ndi zoyambitsidwa zachilendo. Makamaka anaona ntchito zake iye akulumikiza zinyama ndi anthu, limene silinali kusungidwa mu Greece. Silinatchulidwe mgwirizano, unazunguliridwa ndi mphaka Aigupto, ng'ona, mbalame, kudabwa Herodotus. Komabe, chidwi kwambiri amapereka kuphunzira madzi zopatulika za Nile. anazolowera kwambiri kuchilumba cha Elephantine, kumene "Nilometer". Avereji bwino ndi makoma opangidwa ndi lubwe, chikugwirizana kwa chipangizo mtsinje wapadera. Pa matabwa, omwe atathana kwambiri mwamphamvu amalembedwa madzi mu Nile. Nditabwerera kwa chilumbachi, wapaulendo wasankha kutumiza ku Libya.

Mtsutso maganizo m'mbuyomu

Herodotus, ulendo m'mayiko osiyanasiyana kuti chochitika chachikulu cha nthawi imeneyo. Iye akanakhoza modzudzula malingaliro wakale wa dziko. Izi maulendo wotulukira Herodotus komanso zofunika!

The Agiriki anakhulupirira kuti kumene kuli anthu m'dziko ali ndi mawonekedwe zozungulira. Herodotus refutes izi olakwika. Iye ananenanso kuti misa dziko Sikuti kugawanitsa patatu, ndi malire kuchita pa mitsinje lalikulu. Share Ulaya, Asia ndi Libya (amene anali kusiyana yaikulu mu mawu a anthu ndi chikhalidwe cha alili), iye akufuna osati mwa mitsinje Phasis, Tanais Nailo ndi nyanja ya Mediterranean, Ponto Metaide. Oyendayenda padziko mayiko, wasayansi wakana lingaliro la Agiriki amene litayamba-alenga dziko pa m'mbali likutuluka, ndi pakati pa kukulitsa.

Nditawerenga ntchito pa malo ndi mbiri, lolembedwa ndi Greek Herodotus, sakhoza saganizira chopereka chake chachikulu kwa sayansi! Traveler monga mmodzi wa apainiya waukulu nthawi yake. Iye anasonkhanitsa kudziwa zokhudza dziko ntchito limodzi, naperekanso m'nthawi ndi mafotokozedwe a mafuko ambiri ndipo moyo wawo ndi miyambo. Herodotus anakhala wotsatira wa Strabo kwambiri.