Malo achilengedwe a Urals kuti: tebulo ndi kafotokozedwe

Ural Mountains anatambasula ku Chikazaki steppes ku gombe Arctic. M'lifupi mwa thanthwe ndi 100 mpaka 400 Km, ndipo kutalika ndi wamkulu kuposa 2.5 zikwi. Km. Natural Urals zone monga zosiyanasiyana zonse: kwa Titafika pamalo kumalo ozizira kwa steppes kum'mwera.

Mapiri lagawidwa malo malingana ndi miyala ya, nyengo ndi zikhalidwe zina. Ataona makhalidwe awo mwatsatanetsatane, n'zotheka kumvetsa zimene malo achilengedwe a Urals waphindu ndi amene ali osauka mu mawu a nyama ndi zomera alipo.

Urals kumalo ozizira

malo achilengedwe kumalo ozizira Ural anapereka Titafika pamalo nkhalango. Chithunzi cha ichi phiri unyolo gawo anapanga chifukwa chisanu weathering, momwe anapanga miyala placers (kurums ndi nthaka unatengera). kutentha Madzi oundana nthaka Siyanitsani m'chilimwe kumabweretsa solifluction.

Mitundu lalikulu la mpumulo - malo okwera limene limafotokoza za glaciation. m'madera ozungulira mzindawu ndi chigwa mu mawonekedwe a ufa. Pachimake nsonga kokha, nsonga zazitali kwambiri. Alpine mtunda limapezeka kum'mwera kwa kumalo ozizira Urals pafupi ndi anthu ndi saber.

Urals kumalo ozizira mvula ndipo ozizira nyengo. M'nthawi ya chilimwe, kwambiri mitambo ndipo kawirikawiri mvula. pafupifupi mwezi kutentha July - 8 mpaka 14 ºC. Zima yaitali komanso yozizira kwambiri. Avereji ya January kutentha si upambana -20 ºC. m'madera Common wa Madzi oundana. Mu otsika chifukwa cha blizzards, chisanu chosuntha lalikulu anapanga. Wapachaka mpweya avareji 500 (mu kumpoto) kwa 800 (kum'mwera) mamilimita mvula.

Dothi ndi zomera za kumalo ozizira Urals

Urals Natural m'dera bwanji nthaka ndi zomera, amene palibe zosiyanasiyana osiyana. Mu kumpoto, Titafika pamalo zigwa malo lamapiri la mipita. Pakati pali kubalalitsidwa miyala ndi zomera pang'ono kapena ayi. Pa phazi la zomera Titafika pamalo umaimiridwa ndi ndere, lichens ndi zitsamba. Kum'mwera kwa kudutsa m'madera nkhalango, koma phindu mu malo ndi laling'ono.

Woyamba nyenyezi yaing'ono larch nkhalango ochepa kuonekera mu zigwa, yomwe ili pa otsetsereka a kum'mawa pafupi 68º. yakumadzulo. gawo ili la thanthwe misa yodziwika ndi makulidwe otsika pa chivundikiro chisanu ndi yapadera kwambiri chokhala ndi nyengo. Choncho, zinthu yabwino kwa zomera. Pa Arctic Circle larch nkhalango kuchepetsedwa spruces ndi mkungudza, ndi kum'mwera zina - Oil ndi paini mitengo.

Akuthamanga malamulo chidwi kukula kwa larch ndi spruce nkhalango. Zinthu iwo pamwamba pa lokwera la osati m'madera mosabisa. chifukwa ndi zabwino ngalande ndi ulamuliro kutentha.

Severnyy Ural

Derali lili ndendende pa meridian 59th, Malupanga kum'mwera limayamba komanso limatha Konzhakovsky Stone. Kutalika avareji pakati - 700 mamita pamwamba pa nyanja. Mbaliyi kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo ranges. Choyamba mwa zinthuzi ndi okulira. Ambiri a nsonga si lakuthwa, koma anamaliza.

Kuoneka bwino 3-4 wakale pamwamba mayikidwe. China ankaikira kosangalatsa - ndi zambiri masitepe zomwe zili inali pamwamba pa mtengo, kapena m'malire awo chapamwamba. nyumba izi ndi zosiyana kwambiri osati mapiri osiyana, koma kumbali zomenyanazo. nyengo ofanana ndi malo m'mbuyomu, koma osati aakulu. Wapachaka mpweya pafupifupi 800 mamilimita mvula, makamaka otsetsereka moyang'ana kumadzulo. Evaporation wa madzi pamwamba ndi zochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi mtengo umenewu, umene ndi chifukwa kuwanda m'madambo.

Flora ndi zomera ku Northern Urals

Boreal nkhalango mosalekeza wosanjikiza chivundikiro mapiri. Titafika pamalo asungidwa pa mapiri ndi matanthwe, ili pa mtunda wa mamita 700-800. Mdima coniferous boreal nkhalango imakhala makamaka a spruce. Oil amalima m'madera nthaka kwambiri chonde. Mkungudza wakonda m'madambo ndi miyala otsetsereka. Chogwidwa ndi nkhalango spruce ndi Moss wobiriwira ndi bilberry, zomwe zikusonyeza wa nayonso pakati. Mu nsonga kumpoto iwo kupita mu nkhalango kawirikawiri ndi zambiri zithaphwi.

Pinery pano - chodabwitsa infrequent. udindo wake wotchuka mu malo a kum'mwera, zikuoneka 62º. m., pa otsetsereka a kum'mawa. Only pano pali zinthu yabwino kwa kukula kwa mitengo ya paini: dothi miyala ndi youma chokhala ndi nyengo. Cholowa cha Sukachev larch nkhalango kwambiri m'munsi kuposa mu kumalo ozizira Urals. Iwo kukula pamodzi ndi chitsamba chilichonse alder ndi birch wokhotakhota.

malo achilengedwe a Urals kumpoto - makamaka nayonso, ndi yamawangamawanga ka Titafika pamalo. zomera tichipeza oimira lililonse la nkhalango coniferous. Sable amakhala kumeneko, kumene mkungudza kukula. Pali wolverines, ofiira ndi voles imvi ndi mphalapala. Moyo mwa oimira zotsatirazi avifauna kuti: Mphamba kadzidzi, waxwing, nutcracker ndi ena.

Kumadzulo, ku malire a kumtunda kwa mtsinje wa dzina chomwecho, ili Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve, kusonyeza ena a m'madera zachilengedwe Urals lapansi. Iye ni mmodzi wa yaikulu mu Russia. Izo lofotokozabe maonekedwe choyambirira pa phiri nayonso, kudutsa pakati.

Sredniy Ural

Sredniy Ural nkomwe anasintha mawonekedwe chifukwa mosinthana tectonic. Pachifukwa ichi, nsonga ankawachotsera ndi otsika. Yaikulu ya iwo zili pa kuzungulira 800 mamita Railway msewu -. Perm Ekaterinburg mitanda lokwera pamalo okwera mamita 410 Mountains ali ndithu anawononga, zikubweretsa imfa ya ntchito okulira .. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi mtsinje Chusovaya ndi Ufa, ochokera pa malo otsetsereka a kum'mawa ndi kutambasula kumadzulo. Mtsinje zigwa ndi waukulu ndi cholinga, ichi anasonyeza mwa miyala wowoneka chinsalucho itsike mpaka m'munsi mabedi mtsinje.

Sredniy Ural, malo achilengedwe amene ankaimira nayonso kum'mwera ndi m'nkhalango steppe, mochuluka bwino kwambiri kuti anthu azikhalamo kuposa North. Chirimwe wotentha kwambiri ndi wautali mvula pachaka - kuchokera mamilimita 500 600. Zikutanthauza July kutentha - kuchokera 16 mpaka 18 ºC. amadza nyengo pa dothi ndi zomera. nayonso kum'mwera ili m'madera kumpoto, ndi m'nkhalango steppe - mu South.

The nyama ndi zomera za Middle Urals

The kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo otsetsereka ndi ndinasintha osiyana zomera. Mu Trans-Ural steppes anasamukira zoposa kumpoto kuposa Urals, kumene anapeza zilumba yekha payekha. Phiri m'nkhalango wosanjikiza mosalekeza, yekha nsonga nthawi zina pamwamba nayonso zone malire. Chogwidwa ndi m'dera limeneli, wopangidwa mwa spruce ndi Oil ndi malo a nkhalango pine. nkhalango obwerawa (spruce, Oil, birch, linden) zikusonyeza m'madera kum'mwera kumadzulo.

A ambiri nkhalango birch ili ku Middle Urals. Iwo yanthanda pa malo kugwetsa nkhalango coniferous. Natural Urals dera ndi dongosolo khalidwe la nyama. A zosiyanasiyana nkhalango ndi nyengo yofunda anathandiza chakuti chiwerengero cha anthu oimira zinyama kuchokera kum'mwera kuchuluka. okhala Chitsanzo cha Middle Urals - ndi hedgehog, ferret, hamster, akatumbu. Pakati pa avifauna ankaikira Nightingale, ndi oriole, greenfinch. Zokwawa awa akuimira monga njoka, ndi mphiri, abuluzi.

Malo chigawo cha Middle Urals

• Avereji Urals. yachonde ichi, okwera kutalika kwa 500 600 m. Iwo amadula kudzera zopezera wandiweyani wa zigwa za mitsinje. Mwakhama ikudontha njira karst zinachititsa kuti pakhale nyanja ambiri ndi m'mapanga mumabokosiwo. ngalande zabwino kumathandiza mapangidwe zithaphwi, ngakhale wambirimbiri mpweya. Chogwidwa ndi nkhalango coniferous ndi kusakaniza yamawangamawanga wa nkhalango.
• Center Middle Urals anapereka gawo apamwamba lokwera lapansi. kutalika kwake ndi ang'ono, choncho pafupifupi zophimbidwa ndi nayonso.
• Avereji Trans-Urals. Ndi okwera kumveka ndi yosalala kum'maŵa kukondera. Iwo ali outliers, zitunda lubwe mabeseni nyanja. Chogwidwa ndi nkhalango koyera paini ndi osakaniza zake ndi mitengo ina. Kumpoto kwa madambo ambiri. The nkhalango-steppe patsogolo kumpoto poyerekeza ndi dera Urals. malo Siberia kupereka nkhalango birch mawonekedwe.

Yuzhnyy Ural

Dera limeneli isiyana Ural lokwera sing'anga ku nsonga yapamwamba (Iremel, 1582 mamita; Yamantau, 1640, Angelezi m). okulira The ikuchitika pa lokwera Uraltau, limene lili kum'mawa ali ndi kutalika kwambiri. Iwo wapangidwa ndi schist. M'dera lolamuliridwa ndi thandizo la mapiri sing'anga. Osiyana Goltseva nsonga kupitirira zone nkhalango. pamwamba ndi mosabisa, koma ali ndi phompho thanthwe otsetsereka ndi zambiri masitepe. oundana wakale anachoka pa zitunda ndi Zigalga Iremel limafotokoza za kayendedwe.

Yuzhnouralsky peneplain ndi momveka, ndi otsekeredwa ndi maziko anamuukitsa. Iwo kuligaŵa ndi zigwa mtsinje, chokhala maphompho. Zauralsky peneplain lili otsetsereka a kum'mawa, yodziwika ndi malo apansi ndi yosalala pamwamba. Mbali kumpoto ali kwambiri nyanja ndi dongosolo chodabwitsa thanthwe m'mphepete.

The nyengo ya Urals Kumwera kwambiri m'madera chokhala kale. Dzinja lili ofunda, chilala ndi mphepo youma m'dera la Urals lapansi. Wapakati kutentha kwa mwezi otchulidwa - 20 mpaka 22 ºC. Yozizira ozizira, chisanu chivundikiro n'kofunika. Mu nyengo mtsinje kwathunthu amaundana kwa ayezi mapangidwe, anapha mbalame zambiri ndi timadontho-timadontho. Pachaka mpweya ranges kuchokera 400 600 mu kum'mwera mpaka kumpoto derali.

Flora ndi zomera la South Ural

malo achilengedwe a Urals Kumwera amene timapemphera steppe ndi nkhalango madera. Flora ndi chikuto nthaka ndi altitudinal magawidwe. Chernozem steppe ankaikira madera wotsikitsitsa m'tsinde lapansi. Mu malo kumene lubwe Tingaone m'nkhalango ya paini ndi kusakanizikana kwa yolimba.

Forest steppe ali Yuzhnoural'skiy peneplain, ndi otsetsereka a kum'mawa kwa madera a kumpoto kwa munda. Flora imakhala ndi osakaniza steppe ndi anthu boreal.

Table: mabacteria zachilengedwe Ural

Natural magawidwe Ural osiyanasiyana ali motere.

malo achilengedwe Ural, mwachidule anasonyeza tebulo athe kuwutsata kusintha kwawo pang'onopang'ono malangizo kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera.