Ndi halogens chiyani? zinthu Chemical fluorine, chlorine, ayodini ndi astatine

mbali zonse za tebulo nthawi amaphatikizidwa m'magulu, malingana ndi mankhwala katundu wawo. M'nkhani ino tikambirana halogen (kapena kampira).

Tanthauzo la halogens

Halogens - ndi zinthu za nthawi tebulo gulu 17, ndipo pa chinthu chakale gulu - 7 waukulu gulu. Zimatanthauza halogens 5 zinthu mankhwala, Pakati fluorine, chlorine, ayodini, bromine ndi astatine. Onse a iwo sanali zitsulo. Halogen - oxidants wokangalika ndi kunja deta zinthu ndi 7 ma elekitironi.

Kodi halogens, nchifukwa chiani iwo dzina lawo? Mawu "kampira" anapanga ku mawu awiri a Chigriki, lomwe pamodzi akuimira "salt kubadwa". Mmodzi mchitidwe gulu - chlorine, ndi mitundu ndi sodium mchere.

thupi katundu halogen gulu

The katundu mankhwala halogens ofanana, koma maonekedwe a zinthu zosiyana Chrixitu.

Fluoride - ndi gaseous thunthu la mtundu wachikasu, ndi chosangalatsa fungo kwambiri ndipo Fungo lamphamvu lamankhwala. Mankhwala - mpweya ndi enaake achikasu mu mtundu, ali ndi fungo kwambiri ndiponso chonyansa. Bromine - bulauni madzi. Astatine - buluu wakuda olimba ndi fungo Fungo lamphamvu lamankhwala. Ayodini - izo imvi olimba. Mwachidule mfundo tatchulazi, n'zotheka muyankhe funso ili: "Kodi halogens?". Izi mpweya zakumwa, ndi zolimba.

Chemical katundu wa gulu halogen

Waukulu wamba mbali ya halogens onse ndi onse oxidants wokangalika. The halogen achangu ndi fluorine, amene amachitira ndi zitsulo onse ndi ambiri anafooka - astatine.

Mogwirizana ndi halogens ku zinthu chosavuta (kupatulapo ena osakhala zitsulo) akudutsa mosavuta. Mu chikhalidwe, amapezeka kokha mu mawonekedwe a mankhwala.

fluorine

Amenewa amafotokozera ndi, fluorine chinapezeka okha kumapeto XIX m'ma French sayansi dzina lake Anri Muassan. Fluoro - mpweya wotumbululuka chikasu. Halogens zikusonyeza sanali zitsulo ndi oxidants, ndi onse halogens ndi fluoro - ndi yogwira kwambiri. Tsopano halogen izi ndi yofunika mafakitale chifukwa ntchito mu kupanga mapaipi, tepi, zokutira zosiyanasiyana minofu, pamalo sanali ndodo kwa ziwaya ndi mosiyanasiyana, ndi mankhwala kupanga mitsempha yokumba ndi mitsempha. Makampani, ndi halogen kuchepetsedwa ndi asafe.

chlorine

Mankhwala - chinthu mankhwala odziwika, amanena za gulu halogen. ndi halogens zimene tinakambirana pamwamba. Mankhwala lofotokozabe katundu zoyambirira za miyambo ya gulu.

Dzina amachokera ku mawu achigiriki "chloros" omwe anamasuliridwa ngati wotumbululuka wobiriwira. gasi Izi sizachilendo mu chirengedwe, ndi lalikulu zedi zili m'nyanjamo. Mankhwala - ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri, ndi pafupifupi singasiyanitsidwe mu oyeretsa, masaka maiwe kusambira, komanso tizirombo pa madzi akumwa.

Koma chlorine imatchedwanso kuti kukhala owopsa wakupha chida. Mu 1915, asilikali a ku Germany ntchito yolimbana ndi French asilikali pafupifupi 6 zikwi. Balloons ndi halogen izi. Ichi ndi chida kuimfa anausankha wotchuka German sayansi Fritz Haber.

ayodini

Ayodini kapena iodo, - wina mchitidwe m'dziko la gulu halogen. Ndipotu, mu tebulo nthawi amafotokozera amatchedwa wina kuposa ayodini, koma dzina generic akuti ndi ayodini. mchitidwe dzina amachokera ku mawu Greek, omwe anamasuliridwa njira Russian "violet". Izi amafotokozera mankhwala tsiku ndi tsiku sizachilendo. Pamene zimavuta ndi halogens ena, makamaka chlorine analandira njira zabwino mankhwala mabala zimakhalapo. Tsopano ayodini ntchito mankhwala kupewa matenda a chithokomiro.

astatine

Astatine ndi chidwi chifukwa sanayambe itapangidwa akatswiri mu kuchuluka wotero kuti izo Tingaone ndi apoyera. Ndipo nthawi zambiri, njirayi sati kwa iwo nthawi. Ngati akatswiri ndi anatha kupeza ndalama zambiri izi amafotokozera mankhwala, nthawi yomweyo kuti asanduke nthunzi, chifukwa cha zikamera wa kutentha, chimene chiri chifukwa cheza cha mchitidwe wa. Astatine - amafotokozera ambiri osowa, ndipo pang'ono opezeka mu kutumphuka Dziko Lapansi.

Pakati halogen astatine - mwachilungamo achabechabe amafotokozera, chifukwa panthawi ya ntchito iliyonse anapeza.

The ntchito ndi tanthauzo

Ngakhale kuti halogens zonse ndi katundu zofanana mankhwala, iwo ntchito mwangwiro mu malo osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, fluorine ndi zothandiza kwa mano, ichi ndi chifukwa chake anawonjezera kuti otsukira mano. Kugwiritsa wothandizila achire ndi prophylactic, amene ali pano mu zikuchokera mankhwala mchitidwe fluorine, kumathandiza caries. Mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apange acid amathiridwa yomwe ndi yofunika koposa makampani ndi mankhwala. Mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga labala, mapulasitiki, solvents, utoto, komanso ulusi kupanga. Mankhwala amene ali chinthu ichi ntchito pa ulimi kwa kulamulira tizirombo. Halogen chloro singasiyanitsidwe kwa oyeretsa pepala ndi nsalu. Akukhulupirira kuti ntchito chlorine zochizira madzi akumwa ndi woopsa. Bromine, amene ali halogen, ndi ayodini kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala.

Tanthauzo la halogens mu moyo wa munthu kwambiri. Ngati ife kulingalira kuli anthu, popanda halogens, ndithudi, Tikadakhala akumanidwa zinthu monga photos, antiseptic ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, labala, pulasitiki, linoleum, ndi ena ambiri. Komanso, zinthu izi amafuna thupi liziyenda bwino, ndiye kuti, kusewera yofunika kwachilengedwenso ntchito. Ngakhale kuti katundu wa halogens ndi ofanana, udindo wawo makampani ndi mankhwala ndi osiyana.